Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758)

OLIVEIRA, OTTO M. P., MIRANDA, THAÍS P., ARAUJO, ENILMA M., AYÓN, PATRICIA, CEDEÑO-POSSO, CRISTINA M., CEPEDA-MERCADO, AMANCAY A., CÓRDOVA, PABLO, CUNHA, AMANDA F., GENZANO, GABRIEL N., HADDAD, MARIA ANGÉLICA, MIANZAN, HERMES W., MIGOTTO, ALVARO E., MIRANDA, LUCÍLIA S., MORANDINI, ANDRÉ C., NAGATA, RENATO M., NASCIMENTO, KARINE B., JÚNIOR, MIODELI NOGUEIRA, PALMA, SERGIO, QUIÑONES, JAVIER, RODRIGUEZ, CAROLINA S., SCARABINO, FABRIZIO, SCHIARITI, AGUSTÍN, STAMPAR, SÉRGIO N., TRONOLONE, VALQUÍRIA B. & MARQUES, ANTONIO C., 2016, Census of Cnidaria (Medusozoa) and Ctenophora from South American marine waters, Zootaxa 4194 (1), pp. 1-256 : 169-170

Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758)

Synonyms in the area: Campanularia brasiliensis Meyen, 1834 [polyp]; Campanularia obtusidens Jäderholm, 1904b p. 2 [polyp]; Obelia angulosa —Stechow 1914, 1919; Vannucci 1951a; Blanco 1968, 1994a; Genzano & Zamponi 1997, 2003; Genzano et al. 2009a [polyp];? Campanularia obtusidens —Nutting 1915 p. 44; Vannucci 1951a [polyp]; Obelia flabellata —Nutting 1915 [polyp]; Laomedea longicyatha —Leloup 1935 [polyp]; Laomedea sargassi —Leloup 1935 [polyp]; Clytia longicyatha —Fraser 1938a [polyp]; Obelia alternata —Fraser 1938a, 1948; Calder et al. 2003, 2009 [polyp]; Obelia equilateralis Fraser, 1938a, 1948 , Calder et al. 2009 [polyp]; Obelia obtusidens —Fraser 1938a, 1948 [polyp]; Obelia plicata —Fraser 1938a, 1939, 1948; Calder et al. 2003 [polyp]; Obelia tenuis Fraser, 1938a, 1938b , 1939, 1948; Calder et al. 2003, 2009 [polyp]; Obelia braziliensis —Nutting 1915; Vannucci Mendes 1946; Vannucci 1951a [incorrect subsequent spelling] [polyp]; Obelia griffini —Vannucci Mendes 1946; Vannucci 1949, 1951a, 1954 [polyp]; Obelia brazilienses —Vannucci 1949 [incorrect subsequent spelling] [polyp]; Obelia hyalina —Vannucci 1949, 1951a; Blanco 1967b, 1994a; Genzano & Zamponi 1997 [polyp]; Vannucci 1955 [polyp and medusa]; Obelia commissuralis —Vannucci 1951a, 1951b, 1954 [polyp]; Obelia gracilis —Blanco 1967d, 1994a; Blanco & Bellusci de Miralles 1972; Genzano et al. 1991; Genzano & Zamponi 1997 [polyp]; Laomedea (Obelia) congdoni —Vervoort 1968; Mergner 1977, 1987 [polyp]; Laomedea congdoni —Wedler 1975 [polyp]; Laomedea dichotoma —Wedler 1975 [polyp]; Obelia longissima —Milstein 1976 [part] [non Obelia longissima (Pallas, 1766) ] [polyp].

Remarks: Obelia dichotoma is very similar to Obelia longissima and, consequently, the distribution of both species is unclear (see O. longissima below).

Distribution in South America: polyp—Pacific Ocean, Colombia, at 2.99°N 78.199°W in Gorgona Island, at 6.78°N 77.60°W in Octavia Bay, at 5.99°N 77.36°W in Port Utria, Ecuador, from 0.3°N to 1.5°S in Galápagos Archipelago, at 1.28°S 81.07°W in Isla La Plata, at 2.18°S 80.90°W in La Libertad, at 2.16ºS 80.94ºW, at 2.18°S 80.93°W and at 2.21ºS 80ºW in Santa Elena Bay, at 15.25°S 75.24°W in Bahia San Nicolás, Chile, from 22.08°S to 54°S (Jäderholm 1904b p. 2; Nutting 1915 p. 44; Leloup, 1974 p. 18–19; Fraser 1938a, 1938b, 1939, 1948; Galea 2007 p. 91–93; Calder et al. 2003, 2009; Galea et al. 2007a p. 161, 2007b p. 312, 2009a p. 322, 2009b p. 2, 4); Atlantic Ocean, at Aruba, at Bonaire, Colombia, at Santa Marta coast, Venezuela, at La Guaira coast, at 11.13°N 63.84°W in Margarita Island, Brazil to Argentina, from 3.54°S to 4.12°S, from 8.05°S to 13.20°S, from 20.50°S to 32.50°S, from 34°S to 53°S (Meyen 1834; Nutting 1915; Stechow 1914, 1919; Leloup 1935; Vannucci Mendes 1946; Vannucci 1949, 1951a, 1951b, 1954, 1955; Blanco 1967b, 1967d, 1968, 1994a; Blanco & Bellusci de Miralles 1972; Wedler 1975; Milstein 1976; Bandel & Wedler 1987; El Beshbeeshy 1991, 2011; Genzano et al. 1991, 2002, 2009a; Haddad 1992; Genzano 1994a; Migotto 1996; Genzano & Zamponi 1997, 2003; Grohmann 1997, 2006, 2007, abstract; Grohmann et al. 1997, 2003; Nogueira et al. 1997; Rosso & Marques 1997; Horta et al. 2001, abstract; Migotto et al. 2001, 2002; Kelmo & Attrill 2003; Marques & Migotto 2003; Oliveira 2003; Bornancin et al. 2006, abstract; Marques et al. 2006; Miranda & Marques 2006, abstract; Oliveira et al. 2006; Bornancin 2008; Oliveira & Marques 2007, 2011; Shimabukuro 2007; Bornancin & Haddad 2008, abstract; Amaral et al. 2010b; Cangussu et al. 2010; Cunha & Jacobucci 2010; Genzano 2010; Kremer & Rocha 2011; Silveira & Morandini 2011; Miranda et al. 2011, 2015; Bumbeer & Rocha 2012; Flynn & Valèrio-Berardo 2012; Marques et al. 2013; Velásquez et al. 2013; Fernandez et al. 2014, 2015; Masi et al. 2015; Meretta & Genzano 2015);

medusa—Atlantic Ocean, Brazil, from 23°S to 25°S, Argentina, at 38.08ºS 57.51ºW (Vannucci 1955; Zamponi & Suarez 1991; Migotto 1996; Migotto et al. 2002).

Habitat: polyp—from intertidal zone to 128m, on algae, Antipathes galapagensis , ascidians, barnacles, bryozoans, corals, mussels, decapods, Diopatra cuprea , Eucidaris sp., gastropods, gorgonians, hydroids (e.g., Amphisbetia operculata , Bougainvillia muscus , Hybocodon chilensis , Plumularia setacea , Sertularella polyzonias , Symplectoscyphus sp.), Lepas sp., Macrocystis pyrifera , Mithraculus forceps , polychaete tubes, rocks, shells, sponges, turtle carapaces, test panels, wood (Leloup 1935; Fraser 1938a, 1938b, 1948; Vannucci Mendes 1946; Leloup 1974 p. 18–19; Wedler 1975; Bandel & Wedler 1987; Haddad 1992; Migotto 1996; Migotto et al. 2001; Calder et al. 2003; Marques & Migotto 2003; Oliveira 2003; Bornancin et al. 2006; Marques et al. 2006; Oliveira et al. 2006; Bornancin 2008; Galea 2007 p. 91–93; Oliveira & Marques 2007, 2011; Shimabukuro 2007; Calder et al. 2009; Cunha & Jacobucci 2010; Genzano 2010; Miranda et al. 2011; Velásquez et al. 2013; Fernandez et al. 2014, 2015; Masi et al. 2015; Meretta & Genzano 2015).