Myxoderma sacculatum, (FISHER, 1905)

Mah, Christopher, 2007, Phylogeny of the Zoroasteridae (Zorocallina; Forcipulatida): evolutionary events in deep-sea Asteroidea displaying Palaeozoic features, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150 (1), pp. 177-210 : 193

MYXODERMA SACCULATUM ( FISHER, 1905)

(WITH SYNONYM SSP. ECTENES FISHER, 1919 )

Zoroaster (Myxoderma) sacculatus Fisher, 1905: 316 .

Zoroaster evermanni H.L. Clark (not Fisher) 1913: 198.

Myxoderma sacculatum Fisher, 1919a: 392 ; H.L. Clark, 1923: 152; Fisher, 1928: 45, 49; Baranova, 1957: 175; Alton, 1966: 1709; Maluf, 1988: 44, 125; Clark & Mah, 2001: 232.

Myxoderma derjungi Djakonov, 1968: 91 .

Occurrence: Okhotsk Sea, Bering Sea to southern California. 91–2012 m.

Material examined: Alaska. CASIZ-24100, Bowers Bank , Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands, 54.00°33′N 178°44′W, 1068 m, Coll. 4.vi.1906. (dry specimen-arm fragment only) CASIZ 115903 Bering Sea 57°50.92′N 173°57.72′W, 720–750 m, Coll. 21.vi.1979. (1 wet spec. R = 13.3 r = 2.2) Oregon. NMNH E28078 , SW mouth of Columbia River , 45°44′12″N, 125°8′48″W, 1555 m, Coll. 29.v.1964. [1 wet spec. R = ∼25.0, r = 2.1 (arms broken)] NMNH E 14760, SW mouth of Columbia River , 1372 m, coll. 9.vi.1962. [1 wet spec. R = ∼30.0, r = 2.6 (arms broken)]. California. NMNH 32451 West of San Nicolas Island , Channel Islands, 33°24.36′N, 120°12.30′W, 1170 m, Coll. 26.iv.1911. (2 dry specs. R = 10.6, r = 1.1, R = 6.6, r = 0.9 cm) NMNH 3596 San Diego. 32°40.30′N, 117°31.30′W, 1504 m. Coll. 19.i.1889. [4 dry specs. R = 8.6, r = 1.1, R = 7.7, r = 0.9, R = 6.1, r = 0.9, R = 6.7, r = 1.0 (arm tips broken)] NMNH E 01149 West of San Nicolas Island , Channel Islands, 33°15′N, 119°30′W, 1983−2012 m, Coll. 13.iv.1904. (8 wet specs. R = 4.0, r = 0.8, R = 3.2, r = 0.7, R = 1.7, r = 0.5; R = 1.8, r = 0.4; R = 1.2, r = 0.3, R = 1.3, r = 0.3, R = 1.2, r = 0.3, R = 1.1, r = 0.2 cm) CASIZ 102207 , Humboldt County off Trinidad Head on sandy mud, 329 m, Coll. xii.1966. [3 dry specs. R = 4.7, r = 0.9, R = 4.5, r = 0.7; R = 4.3, r = 0.8 (arm tips broken)] CASIZ 115927 , Farallon Islands on mud, rocks, 1280−1500 m, Coll. 12.xi.1950. [1 wet spec. R = 18.1, r = 1.7 (arm tips broken)] CASIZ 115914 , Santa Barbara Channel to Santa Cruz Island 91– 366 m (1 wet spec. R = 2.1, r = 0.4). CASIZ 117841 Off Humboldt County, 1123.0 m. Coll. 13.xi.1975. (2 dry specs. R = 22.0, r = 1.5, R = 17.6, r = 1.8)

PHOLIDASTER SLADEN, 1889

( FIG. 5A–D )

Pholidaster Sladen, 1889: 426 ; Fisher, 1919a: 388; 1919b: 471, 484, 485; Spencer & Wright, 1966: U75; Clark & Mah, 2001: 232.

Type species: Pholidaster squamatus Sladen, 1889 (designated by Fisher, 1919a).

Diagnosis: Disc and arm plates imbricate. Disc and arms covered by flattened scales covering nearly all plates save for the carinal arm series and primary circlet on disc. Carinal plates along arms bare. Superambulacral plates reduced. Internal buttress absent. Pedicellariae absent.

PHOLIDASTER SQUAMATUS SLADEN, 1889

( FIG. 5A–D )

Pholidaster squamatus Sladen, 1889: 427 ; Fisher, 1919b: 4,18, 484; H.L. Clark, 1920: 98; Marsh, 1976: 221; Jangoux, 1981: 475; Clark & Mah, 2001: 232.

Pholidaster distinctus Sladen, 1889: 429 ; Fisher, 1919b: 18; Clark & Mah, 2001: 232.

Occurrence: Philippines, Indonesia, W and NW Australia, 90–256 m.

Material examined: Philippines. NMNH 40573 . Masbate Passage, Baleno , Masbate Island. 12°25′18″N, 123°37′15″ Coll. 21.iv.1908. [1 wet spec. R = ∼7.0, r = 0.7 (arms broken, spec. partially disartculated)] NMNH 40562 . NE of Cataingan, masbate Island , Samar Sea. 12°4′15″N, 124°4′36″ E (mixed stations). Coll. 20.iv.1908. [6 wet specs. R = 5.9, r = 0.7; R = 5.2, r = 0.7; R = ∼5.0, r = 0.7; R = 5.0, r = 0.7; R = 3.7, r = 0.7; R = 3.8, r = 0.7 (arm tips broken)] NMNH 40215 Destacado Island, Northern Samar, Samar Sea , 12°12′35″N, 124°2′48″E, 247 m. Coll. 13.iii.1909. [7 wet specs. R = 6.1, r = 0.8; R = 6.1, r = 0.7; R = 5.8, r = 0.7; R = 6.1, r = 0.7; R = 6.2, r = 0.7; R = 5.6, r = 0.6; R = 5.5, r = 0.6 (arm tips broken] NMNH E50370 , Bohol Strait, Bohol. 90 m. Coll. 22.xi.1979. [2 wet specs. R = 10.0, r = 0.8; R = 9.1, r = 0.8 (arm tips broken)]

Figures

Figure 5. Pholidaster A, abactinal surface. P. squamatus (USNM 40280). B, P. distinctus (Holotype). C, P. squamatus arm surface close-up (USNM 40280). D, P. distinctus arm surface close up. Zoroaster microporus E, holotype, abactinal disk and arms (USNM 37009). F, abactinal arm surface close-up. Scale bar = 0.5 cm.