Mucuna sloanei Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot.

De, Tânia M., Lewis, Gwilym P., Mansano, Vidal F. & Tozzi, Ana M. G. A., 2018, A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae), Phytotaxa 337 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

22. Mucuna sloanei Fawc. & Rendle, J. Bot. 55(650): 36. 1917. ( Fig. 23 )

TYPE:— Lectotype: Jacq. Amer. 202. t. 182. f. 84. 1763 (Image), designated by Moura et al. 2013e.

Liana. Leaves 3-foliolate; petiole 7.5–11 cm long; stipels 1.0–4.0 mm long, persistent; rachis 1.0– 2.5 cm long; petiolules 3.0–5.0 mm long; lateral leaflets, 7.0–14(–17) × 4.0– 11 cm, asymmetric at base, acute at apex; apical leaflet ovate to elliptic, 7.5–14(–17) × 3.5–10 cm, acute to rounded at base, acute to acuminate at apex; venation eucamptodromous, secondary veins 4–7 pairs per leaflet; abaxial surface of leaflets with adpressed, dense hairs. Inflorescence axillary, pseudoracemose; peduncle 5.0– 18 cm long; rachis 1.0– 1.5 cm long; bracts 1.0–2.5 × 0.7–2.0 cm, sericeous on both surfaces, usually caducous; pedicels 1.0– 1.5 cm long, 4–7 nodes per inflorescence; internodes 5.0 mm long, the brachyblasts and pedicels are progressively shorter towards the inflorescence apex, thus all flowers are presented at the same level, giving the inflorescence a corymbose appearance. Flowers 5.0– 6.5 cm long; calyx 2.0– 3.3 cm long; 4-lobed, the adaxial lobe formed by two connate sepals, ca. 1.0 × 1.2 cm, obtuse at apex, the abaxial lobe ca. 10 × 5.0 mm, acute at apex, lateral lobes 5.0–7.0 × 3.0–4.0 mm; corolla reported to be yellow ( W.J. Badcock 57 K); standard broadly elliptic, 3.0–4.0 × 3.2 cm, attenuate at base, rounded to retuse at apex, the claw ca. 3.0 mm long; wings oblong-elliptic, 5.0–6.5 × 1.8 cm, attenuate at base, obtuse at apex, the claw 8.0 mm long; keel petals oblong, 5.0–6.5 × 1.0– 1.7 cm, attenuate at base, acute at apex, the claw 10 mm long; wings and keel petals pubescent at base. Stamen filaments 5.0–7.0 cm long, glabrous. Gynoecium 5.5–7.0 cm long; style 5.0– 6.3 cm long, sericeous, except at apex; ovary 5.0–7.0 × 2.0–3.0 mm, sericeous. Fruits 13–16 × 3.5–5.0 cm, ornamented by transverse lamellae, surface covered with dense irritant hairs, acute at base, acuminate at apex, up to 5-seeded. Seeds globese, 2.1–2.5 × 2.1–2.8 × 2.0 cm, hilum black, circling 70–80% of the seed circumference.

Taxonomic notes:— Mucuna sloanei most closely resembles M. ecuatoriana in morphology (see comments under that species). Wilmot-Dear (1990) and Tozzi et al. (2005) considered this species has a pseudoumbellate inflorescence. This is because the reduced pseudoraceme, along with its brachyblasts and pedicels, progressively shortens towards the inflorescence apex, giving the inflorescence a corymbose appearance. Because of its brightly coloured yellow corolla, M. sloanei is commonly confused with M. japira and M. rostrata (in the Neotropics); however, M. sloanei has stipels, a short inflorescence rachis (1.0– 1.5 cm long), and flowers 5.0– 6.5 cm long, whilst M. japira and M. rostrata do not have stipels; the inflorescence rachises are longer (7.0– 15 cm long in M. rostrata and 4.7–6.4 cm long in M. japira ), the flowers are (5.0–)6.0– 9.5 cm long, and the corolla is orange in M. rostrata .

Phenology:— Flowering and fruiting reported throughout the year.

Distribution and habitat:— Mucuna sloanei occurs throughout the Neotropics ( Fig. 24 ). It grows mainly in wet areas of gallery forest and restinga, sometimes in flooded areas; it has also been collected in secondary forest and along roadsides. It occurs from sea level to 1500 m.

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Conservation status:— Mucuna sloanei is assessed as being of Least Concern (LC). Although in the Neotropics M. sloanei has a restricted area of occupancy (416 km 2, EN), it also occurs in Africa and some Pacific islands. In addition, its habitat is not significantly fragmented, and more than ten collection localities are reported. No decline, or fluctuation, in extant populations has been reported.

Vernacular names: — ‘ Olho de buey’ [ Bolivia (M. Toledo et al. 1583 MO), Nicaragua (D. Soza & P.P. Moreno 227 MO)], ‘olho de boi’, ‘pó de mico’ [ Brazil (A. Macedo 1038 MO; M.L. Fonseca et al. 5716 K, UFG)]; ‘ojo de venado’ [ El Salvador (R. Aparicio & R. Hernandez 75 K), Honduras (D.L. Hazlett 1218 MO), Mexico (E. Solano 440 MO)]; ‘pica pica’ [ Honduras (C. Nelson et al. 6292 MO)]; ‘vaca ñahui’, ‘ojo de vaca’ [ Peru (J.S. Vigo 8159 MO; F. Woytkowski 6321, 7318 MO)].

Representative specimens examined:— ARGENTINA. Misiones: Iguazú, frente a Puerto Pertoni , 28 March 1970 (fl./fr.), A. Krapovickas et al. 15777 (P, SI) . BOLIVIA. La paz: Coroioco , February 1964 (fl.), W. J. Badcock 57 (K) . Santa Cruz: Guarayos, Comunidad de Salvatierra , aprox. 20 km N de Urubicha, 11 June 2003 (fr.), M. Toledo et al. 1583 ( MO) . BRAZIL. Bahia: Camamu, povoado de Barcelos do Sul , 18 July 2005 (fl.), A.M. Miranda & M.I. Silva 5147 ( UFP) . Ceará: Mulungu (Vila), Sítio Alvaro , 11 July 2008 (fl.), J.R. Lima 666 ( RB) . Distrito Federal: Riverão da Contagem , ca. 25 km N of Brasilia, 14 December 1965 (fl.), H.S. Irwin et al. 11301 ( SP, W) ; Curralinho, DF-150 indo para Brazilandia , 26 March 2002 (fl.), C.S. Caires & V.C. Mendes 83 ( INPA, UB) . Goiás: Morrinhos, região Areias , March 2010 (fl.), T.M. Moura 1005 ( UEC) ; Nerópolis, Parque Estadual Altamiro de Moura Pacheco , 30 March 2005 (fl.), M.L. Fonseca et al. 5716 (K, UFG) . Minas Gerais: Ituiutaba , 9 February 1948 (fl.), A. Macedo 1038 ( MO) . Pará: Rio Maiucurú, Igarapé do Mutum , 28–29 July 1981 (fl.), J. Jangoux & B.G.S. Ribeiro 1564 ( SPF) ; Parauapebas, Ponte sobre o Rio Verde , PA 149, estrada para o município Canãa dos Carajás, 8 April 2010 (fl.), D.F. Silva & L. Tyski 602 ( RB) . Paraíba: João Pessoa, Jardim Botânico , 6 June 2003 (fl.), P.C. Gadelha Neto 916 (K) . Pernambuco: Cabo de Santo Agostinho , November 2005 (fl./fr.), M. Oliveira 2205 ( UFP) . COLOMBIA. Amazonas: Araracuara, Margem derecha del rio Caquetá, 13 September 1977 (fl.), L.E. Aguirre-Galviz 1125, 1126 ( COL) . Boyacá: Santa Maria, via Mámbita cerca al Río Guavio , 8 October 2000 (fl.), B .

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Jiménez 339 (COL). Cauca: Timbiqui, al N de Guapí, playa Cuerval , 14 November 1955 (fl.), R. Romero Castañeda 5459 ( COL) . Cundinamarca: Mambita, Río Guavio Valley , 2 November 1944 (fl.), M.L. Grant 10569 ( COL) . Meta: Serra de La Macarena, Plaza Bonita , Bank of river Guajar , 17 November 1949 (fl.), W. R. Philipson et al. 1460 ( BM, COL) . COSTA RICA. Alajuela: Cantón de Los Chiles, Llanura de Guatuso, Playuelas , camino a Los Chiles sobre carretera, 21 March 1994 (fr.), K. Martínez & J.P. Martínez 303 ( MO) . Limón: sea shore vegetaion and swamp forest behind the shore at Cahuita and along the new road between Cahuita e Limón, November 1975 (fl.), R. Baker & W. Burger 31 ( MO) . CUBA. Between Guane and Remates, near sea level, roadside thicket near Guane , 23 December 1937 (fr.), E.P. Killlip 32300 (P). ECUADOR. Manabí: Manta , 2 km E of Santa Rosa, 8 May 1999 (fl.), D. Neill 11873 ( MO, QCNE) ; without data (fl.), M. Quishpe & T. Davilla 147 ( QCNE) . El Oro: without locality, 23 November 1978 (fl.), L.A. Escobar 893 ( NY, QCA) . Sucumbíos: Puerto Bolívar, Río Cuyabeno , 23 January 1984 (fl.), H.C. Hopkins 416 ( MO) . EL SALVADOR. La Liberdad: San Diego, El amatal, 27 November 1996 (str), R. Aparicio R. Hernandez 75 (K). FRENCH GUYANA. Cayenne : estucure du mahuri en borde de plage, 20 April 1978 (fl.), H. Jacquemin 2221 (P) ; Pointe Macouria, Près de l'ancien débarquedére du bac, arrière mangrove, 24 April 1989 (fr.), M. Hoff & J.J. Granville 5502 (K, P). GUATEMALA. 1846 (fl.), M. Savage 94 (P). HONDURAS. Comayagua: Guamil , close to the shore of lake Yojoa-Pito Solo , 5 March 1974 (fl./fr.), D.L. Hazlett 1218 ( MO) ; Agua Caliente, vaguada de Rios Chamo y Humuya, bosque de veja tropical, 35 km Elago Yojoa, Pinares y robledales, 1980 (fr.), C. Nelson et al. 6292 ( MO) . MEXICO. Michoacán: Lázaro Cárdenas , lomas al lado E del Rancho El Malacate, ± 2 km al SE de Solera de Agua, 2 January 2009 (fl./fr.), Y. Ramírez-Amezcua & V. W. Steinmann 1605 ( MEXU) . Oaxaca: Putla , ca. 2 km al NE de La Laguna, orila de río, orilla de Potrero, 13 July 1988 (fr.), E. Solano 440 ( MO) ; Tehuantepec, San Pedro Huamelula, Zimatán , 0.5 km N del Puente , 13 November 1999 (fl.), M. Elorsa C. 2457 ( MEXU) . NICARAGUA. Chinandega: Volcán El Chonco , 20 km al NE de Cuidad Chinandega, 30 October 1984 (fl./fr.), D. Soza & P.P. Moreno 227 ( MO) . PANAMA. Canal Zone: Fort Kobbe, vicinity of Vera Cruz , 15 October 1962 (fl./fr.), J.A. Duke 6078 ( MO) . Coclé: vicinity of El Valle, 22 December 1936 (fl.), P.H. Allen 78 ( MO) . Darién: Enseada del Guayabo, In river valley behind landslides, 18 km SE Jaqué, near brackish lagoon, 5 January 1983 (fl.), N.C. Garwood et al. 74 ( BM, MO) . Isla de Coiba : entre Las Salinas y San Juan, 28 September 1997 (fl.), A. Ibanez et al. 520 ( MA) . PERU. Amazonas: Bongará, Palo Seco ( Pedro Ruiz Gallo - Chachapoyas ), 27 July 1991 (fl./fr.), J. Mostacero et al. 2443 ( MO) . Cajamarca: San Ignacio, Huarango, Caserio el arenal, 24 May 2006 (fl.), J. Perea & V. Flores 2312 ( MO) . Loreto: Maionas, Iquitos, Allpahuayo , 31 May 1990 (fl.), R. Vásquez et al. 13817 (K, MO) ; Paca-Cocha ( Pucallpa ), 8 May 1961 (fl.), F. Woytkowski 6321 ( MO) ; Florída, Rio Putumaio, at mouth of Río Zubineta , 1931 (fl.), G. Klug 2265 ( BM, MO) ; Loreto, Nueva Jerusalem and vicinity, Río Macusari , 220, June 1986 (fl.), W. H. Lewis et al. 10942 ( MO) . Madre de Díos: Road to Tambopata, N. of Puerto Maldonado , 21 April 1977 (fl.), A. Gentry et al. 19583 ( MO) ; Huahuiva ad Saposoa , 05 May 1962 (fl.), F. Woytkowski 7318 ( MO) ; Mariscal Cáceres, Tocache Nuevo , al borde del río, 22 March 1975 (fr.), J.S. Vigo 8159 ( MO) . San Martín: 7–15 km E of Shapojo on road to Chazuta , 15 May 1986 (fl.), S. Knapp et al. 7273 (K, MO) . PORTO RICO. Sierra de Luquills, in monte Jimenes , June 1885 (str), P. Sintesis 1524 ( MO) ; Aguada ad Rosario , 18 July 1886 (str), P. Sintesis 5748 ( BM, K, P). SURINAME. ao ripas fluminorum, 1837 (fl.), F.L. Splitgerber s.n. ( W) . TRINIDADE & TOBAGO. Rio Claro, 5 December 1951 (fl.), R. Baker 14718 (K). VENEZUELA. Carabobo: Between Moron and Alpargaton , high forest, 5 January 1939 (str.), A.H.G. Alston 6065 ( BM) . Cojedes: Girardot, Marginal a carretera Dl Baúl-Sucre , 7 September 1980 (fl.), B. Trujillo et al. 16657 ( MO) . Districto Federal : 1 km S de Anare, 15 October 1972 (fl.), G. Agostini & T. Agostini 1224 ( MO) . Miranda: Selva de El Guapo , November 1959 (fl.), L. Aristeguieta 4008 ( MO) ; Acevedo, Parque Nacional "Guatopo", Sector La Raya , 30 November 1992 (fl.), G. Aymard et al. 10343 ( MO) .

Figures

FIGURE 23. Mucuna sloanei. A—Leaf and inflorescence. B—Stipels on the apical leaflet. C—Stipels on the lateral leaflets. D—Detail of the short inflorescence rachis. E—Androecium (9 stamens united into a staminal sheath, here opened out, and a single free vexillary stamen) and gynoecium. F—Standard. G—Wing petals. H—Keel petals. J—Calyx opened out, outer surface. K—Fruit. A, D–H drawn from: D.F. Silva & L. Tyski 602 (RB); B,C, K: P.C. Gadelha Neto et al. 916 (RB). Drawn by Ana Lúcia Souza.

FIGURE 24. Geographical distribution of Mucuna sloanei.