Mesocriconema xenoplax

Zeng, Yongsan, Ye, Weimin, Tredway, Lane, Martin, Samuel & Martin, Matt, 2012, Taxonomy and morphology of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with turfgrasses in North and South Carolina, USA, Zootaxa 3452, pp. 1-46 : 20-23

Mesocriconema xenoplax

( Fig. 5 B, D, G)

Measurements. See Table 11 .

Remarks. Mesocriconema xenoplax was first documented from grapevines ( Vitis vinifera var. sultanina ) in California ( Raski 1952). It has been recorded from North America ( Nyczepir et al. 1985; Okie et al. 2009), South America ( Crozzoli & Lamberti 2001; Aballay et al. 2009), Europe (Ciancio et al. 1996; Escuer et al. 1999; Nico et al. 2002; Abrantes et al. 2008; Karanastasi et al. 2008), South Africa (Van den Berg 1980), Australia ( Stirling 1976), New Zealand ( Loof et al. 1997), India ( Gupta & Gupta 1981), Iran ( Loof & Barooti 1991), Japan ( Orton Williams 1972), China ( Xie et al. 2007) and Iran ( Deimi et al. 2008). Ring nematodes, including M. xenoplax , are important pathogens of peach in the USA and other parts of the world ( Walters et al. 2008; Nyczepir and Esmenjaud 2008; Gomes et al. 2000). Nyczepir (2011) reported that tall fescue was a good host for this species. Mesocriconema xenoplax developed more rapidly and caused greater damage in grape than other species of Mesocriconema ( McKenry & Anwar 2006) . In this study, M. xenoplax was detected in 30 counties in NC and SC. It was found in high numbers in three turf management zones (green, fairway and tee) and three grass species (bermudagrass, creeping bentgrass, zoysiagrass) in both states. The overall morphology and morphometrics were similar to the type population, except that the female has a smaller stylet compared to the population first described ( Raski 1952). This is the first record of M. xenoplax from turfgrasses in NC and SC.

and in the format: mean ± S.D. (range).

format: mean ± S.D. (range).

(44.4–46.9) (48.2–59.3) (47.8–48.8) (44.8–53.8) (45.8–52.5)

Figures

FIGURE 5. Micrographs of Mesocriconema curvatum, M. xenoplax, M. sphaerocephala and Ogma floridense from turfgrasses in NC and SC. All scale bars = 20 µm. A. Pharyngeal region of M. curvatum. B. Pharyngeal region of M. xenoplax. C. Pharyngeal region of M. sphaerocephala. D, G. Female tail of M. xenoplax. E. Pharyngeal region of O. floridense. F. Female tail of M. curvatum. H. Female tail of M. sphaerocephala. I. Body with anastomoses of M. sphaerocephala. J. Vulva and tail region of O. floridense.

Tables

TABLE 11. Mesocriconema spp.: morphometrics of females mounted in water. All measurements in μm and in the

Species	M. curvatum	M.	M.	M. xenoplax	M. xenoplax
Lab ID Host Location n L	11-29913 Centipedegrass Cumberland, NC 10 436.8 ± 12.6	sphaerocephala 11-29593 Turfgrass New Hanover, NC 10 382.0 ± 53.3	sphaerocephala 11-30664 Bermudagrass Beaufort, SC 10 369.8 ± 30.9	12-44-46 Bentgrass Greenville, SC 15 573.8 ± 31.0	11-30213 Bentgrass Moore, NC 15 532.8 ± 44.7
a b	(424.21–449.3) 9.0 ± 0.5 (8.5–9.4) 3.9 ± 0.1	(326.0–500.0) 11.0 ± 1.3 (9.6–13.9) 3.7 ± 0.4	(338.8–400.8) 10.4 ± 0.3 (10.1–10.7) 3.3 ± 0.2	(518.9–618.5) 13.2 ± 0.6 (12.1–13.9) 4.6 ± 0.3	(472.7–632.2) 12.6 ± 0.9 (11.3–14.1) 4.7 ± 0.3
c c’	(3.8–4.0) 30.5 ± 2.0 (28.5–32.4) 0.8 ± 0.1	(3.2–4.5) 32.9 ± 7.0 (24.7–42.2) 0.6 ± 0.1	(3.1–3.5) 42.7 ± 4.8 (37.9–47.5) 0.5 ± 0.1	(4.3–5.5) 33.3 ± 5.9 (24.7–43.2) 0.7 ± 0.1	(4.2–5.2) 29.1 ± 3.4 (23.9–35.3) 0.8 ± 0.1
V	(0.7–0.8) 94.1 ± 0.3	(0.4–0.8) 93.5 ± 1.1	(0.4–0.6) 94.5 ± 0.1	(0.6–0.9) 93.0 ± 0.8	(0.7–0.9) 92.3 ± 0.4
Body width Stylet length	(93.7–94.4) 48.7 ± 1.1 (47.7–49.8) 51.3 ± 1.3	(91.8–94.9) 34.6 ± 1.5 (32.0–37.0) 54.4 ± 1.7	(94.4–94.6) 35.6 ± 2.0 (33.6–37.6) 54.6 ± 2.0	(91.2–94.0) 43.4 ± 2.7 (38.2–47.5) 60.5 ± 1.6	(91.7–92.9) 42.5 ± 2.2 (39.1–46.0) 55.3 ± 1.6
Stylet shaft length Pharynx length	(50.0–52.6) – 112.4 ± 0.2	(52.0–58.0) 15.7 ± 1.4 (13.0–18.0) 103.1 ± 6.7	(52.6–56.5) 16.6 ± 0.4 (16.2–17.0) 112.9 ± 2.9	(57.4–62.5) – 126.2 ± 8.0	(52.3–58.2) 18.1 ± 1.3 (16.7–21.0) 114.2 ± 5.1
(Head to metacorpus base) Anal body width	(112.2–112.6) 18.3 ± 0.5	(91.0–112.0) 19.4 ± 1.7	(110.0–115.8) 18.3 ± 0.6	(112.4–138.4) 23.9 ± 2.1	(109.6–122.9) 23.5 ± 1.3
Tail length Excretory pore from	(17.8–18.8) 14.4 ± 0.5 (13.9–14.9) 143.7 ± 2.8	(18.0–23.0) 12.3 ± 3.6 (8.0–19.0) 113.5 ± 4.5	(17.7–18.9) 8.9 ± 1.7 (7.1–10.6) –	(21.8–30.0) 17.7 ± 2.9 (13.1–23.4) 139.4 ± 8.0	(21.5–26.0) 18.5 ± 2.1 (15.2–21.9) 127.7 ± 5.0
anterior end R Rs	(141.0–146.5) 79.5 ± 1.5 (78.0–81.0) 12.5 ± 0.5	(109.0–118.0) 72.1 ± 7.7 (66.0–90.0) 11.3 ± 0.5	73.5 ± 1.5 (72.0–75.0) 11.5 ± 0.5	(131.6–155.5) 101.5 ± 3.3 (96.0–108.0) 12.9 ± 0.5	(120.6–133.8) 102.8 ± 4.2 (96.0–112.0) 13.4 ± 0.5
Roes	(12.0–13.0) 22.0 ± 1.0	(11.0–12.0) 20.7 ± 1.0	(11.0–12.0) 23.0 ± 1.0	(12.0–14.0) 24.9 ± 1.5	(13.0–14.0) 25.5 ± 0.9
Rex Ran	(21.0–23.0) 28.0 ± 1.0 (27.0–29.0) 4.5 ± 0.5	(19.0–22.0) 22.0 ± 0.0 (22.0–22.0) 2.4 ± 0.5	(22.0–24.0) – 2.5 ± 0.5	(22.0–27.0) 28.0 ± 0.8 (27.0–29.0) 4.5 ± 1.0	(23.0–26.0) 28.2 ± 1.3 (25.0–30.0) 4.3 ± 0.5
RV RVan	(4.0–5.0) 6.5 ± 0.5 (6.0–7.0) 2.0 ± 0.0	(2.0–3.0) 5.0 ± 1.3 (4.0–7.0) 5.0 ± 0.9	(2.0–3.0) 4.5 ± 0.5 (4.0–5.0) 2.0 ± 0.9	(2.0–6.0) 8.2 ± 0.9 (7.0–10.0) 3.7 ± 0.9	(4.0–5.0) 8.6 ± 0.7 (8.0–10.0) 4.3 ± 0.6
VL	(2.0–2.0) 25.9 ± 0.8	(2.0–4.0) 25.1 ± 6.5	(1.0–3.0) 20.4 ± 2.0	(2.0–5.0) 40.2 ± 4.4	(3.0–5.0) 41.4 ± 4.8
VB VL/VB	(25.1–26.6) 27.2 ± 0.4 (26.8–27.6) 1.0 ± 0.0	(17.0–36.0) 27.9 ± 1.3 (24.0–32.0) 0.9 ± 0.2	(18.4–22.5) 22.8 ± 0.4 (22.4–23.2) 0.9 ± 0.1	(35.5–48.6) 32.9 ± 2.7 (30.9–39.7) 1.2 ± 0.1	(33.4–50.0) 32.3 ± 1.4 (30.7–34.9) 1.3 ± 0.1
m St% L	(0.9–1.0) – 11.7 ± 0.0	(0.6–1.2) 28.9 ± 2.9 (24.1 –34.6) 14.5 ± 1.7	(0.8–1.0) 30.4 ± 0.3 (30.1–30.8) 14.8 ± 0.7	(1.1–1.5) – 10.6 ± 0.4	(1.1–1.4) – 10.4 ± 0.7
St% Oes	(11.7–11.8) 45.6 ± 1.2	(10.8–16.6) 53.0 ± 3.7	(14.1–15.5) 48.3 ± 0.5	(9.7–11.3) 48.1 ± 2.3	(8.9–11.4) 48.5 ± 2.3