Megophrys (Panophrys) xiangnanensis Lyu, Zeng & Wang, 2020
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publication ID |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys..47983 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:96C50618-823C-4800-9348-97879B6B3B06 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F27079DE-C1AF-4B00-900F-1E1783C58762 |
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taxon LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:act:F27079DE-C1AF-4B00-900F-1E1783C58762 |
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treatment provided by |
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scientific name |
Megophrys (Panophrys) xiangnanensis Lyu, Zeng & Wang |
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sp. nov. |
Megophrys (Panophrys) xiangnanensis Lyu, Zeng & Wang sp. nov. Figures 4C View Figure 4 , 6B View Figure 6 , 7 View Figure 7
Chresonymy.
Megophrys sp2 (SYS a002874-76, 2878-79 in Liu et al. 2018)
Holotype.
SYS a002875 (Figs 4C View Figure 4 , 7 View Figure 7 ), adult male, collected on 12 June 2014 by Yu-Long Li and Ying-Yong Wang from Mt Yangming (26.1177N, 111.8945E; ca 1360 m a.s.l.), Shuangpai County, Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, PR China.
Paratypes.
Eleven adult specimens, female SYS a002874 and males SYS a002876/ CIB 116072 and SYS a002878-2886, collected at the same time from the same locality as the holotype.
Etymology.
The specific epithet xiangnanensis is an adjective derived from Chinese Pinyin Xiāng Nán, which means southern Hunan, for the distribution area of this species.
Common name.
Southern Hunan Horned Toad (in English) / Xiāng Nán Jiăo Chán (湘南角蟾 in Chinese)
Diagnosis.
(1) Moderate body size, SVL 38.6-42.0 mm (40.3 ± 1.3, N = 11) in adult males and SVL 44.4 mm in adult female; (2) snout rounded in dorsal view; (3) tympanum clear, TD/ED 0.38-0.49; (4) presence of weak vomerine ridge, absence of vomerine teeth; (5) margin of tongue rounded, not notched behind; (6) hindlimbs slender, heels just meeting and tibio-tarsal articulation reaching forward between eye and tympanum; (7) tibia 0.41-0.46 of SVL and foot 0.57-0.62 of SVL; (8) fingers without lateral fringes, presence of distinct subarticular tubercles at the bases; (9) toes with relatively wide lateral fringes and rudiment of webs, presence of distinct subarticular tubercles at the bases; (10) presence of small horn-like tubercle at the edge of upper eyelid; (11) dorsal skin smooth with sparse granules, a discontinuous X-shaped ridge with two discontinuous dorsolateral ridges on two side on the back; (12) sparse tubercles on the flanks; (13) supratympanic fold light colored; (14) single subgular vocal sac in males; (15) presence of nuptial pads on the dorsal surface of the first and second fingers in adult males.
Comparison.
Comparative data of Megophrys (Panophrys) xiangnanensis sp. nov. with M. (Pa.) mirabilis sp. nov., M. (Pa.) shimentaina sp. nov., and 42 recognized congeners of Panophrys are given in Table 4 View Table 4 .
Megophrys (Panophrys) xiangnanensis sp. nov. differs from M. (Pa.) mirabilis sp. nov. by the smaller body size, SVL 38.6-42.0 mm in males and 44.4 mm in single female (vs. 55.8-61.4 mm in males and 68.5-74.8 in females), small horn-like tubercle at upper eyelid (vs. slightly large), wide lateral fringes on toes (vs. narrow), heels just meeting (vs. overlapping), presence of vocal sac in males (vs. absent), and presence of nuptial spines in males (vs. absent).
Megophrys (Panophrys) xiangnanensis sp. nov. differs from M. (Pa.) shimentaina sp. nov. by the larger body size, SVL 38.6-42.0 mm in males (vs. 28.0-30.6 mm in males), absence of vomerine teeth (vs. present), wide lateral fringes on toes (vs. narrow), and heels just meeting (vs. overlapping).
Compared with the five Panophrys species previously recorded from the hilly areas among Guangdong, Guangxi and Hunan, Megophrys (Panophrys) xiangnanensis sp. nov. differs from M. (Pa.) acuta by the larger body size, SVL 38.6-42.0 mm in males and 44.4 mm in single female (vs. 27.1-33.0 mm in males and 28.1-33.6 mm in females), small horn-like tubercle at upper eyelid (vs. slightly large), snout rounded in dorsal view (vs. strongly remarkably pointed), wide lateral fringes on toes (vs. narrow), and heels just meeting (vs. not meeting). M. (Pa.) xiangnanensis sp. nov. differs from M. (Pa.) brachykolos by the wide lateral fringes on toes (vs. absent), and heels just meeting (vs. not meeting). M. (Pa.) xiangnanensis sp. nov. differs from M. (Pa.) nanlingensis by the larger body size, SVL 38.6-42.0 mm in males (vs. 30.5-37.3 mm in males), absence of vomerine teeth (vs. present), tongue not notched behind (vs. notched), wide lateral fringes on toes (vs. narrow), and heels just meeting (vs. overlapping). M. (Pa.) xiangnanensis sp. nov. differs from M. (Pa.) obesa by the larger body size, SVL 38.6-42.0 mm in males and 44.4 mm in single female (vs. 35.6 mm in single male and 37.5-41.2 mm in females), wide lateral fringes on toes (vs. absent), and heels just meeting (vs. not meeting). M. (Pa.) xiangnanensis sp. nov. differs from M. (Pa.) shunhuangensis by the larger body size, SVL 38.6-42.0 mm in males and 44.4 mm in single female (vs. 30.3-33.7 mm in males and 37.6 in female), wide lateral fringes on toes (vs. absent), and heels just meeting (vs. overlapping).
With a moderate body size, SVL 38.6-42.0 mm in adult males, Megophrys (Panophrys) xiangnanensis sp. nov. is significantly different from 18 congeners whose SVL<35 mm or> 45 mm in males, namely M. (Pa.) binlingensis , M. (Pa.) caudoprocta , M. (Pa.) cheni , M. (Pa.) jingdongensis , M. (Pa.) jiulianensis , M. (Pa.) kuatunensis , M. (Pa.) liboensis , M. (Pa.) lishuiensis , M. (Pa.) mufumontana , M. (Pa.) nankunensis , M. (Pa.) ombrophila , M. (Pa.) omeimontis , M. (Pa.) rubrimera , M. (Pa.) sangzhiensis , M. (Pa.) shuichengensis , M. (Pa.) spinata , M. (Pa.) wugongensis , and M. (Pa.) wuliangshanensis .
Megophrys (Panophrys) xiangnanensis sp. nov. can be further distinguished from the remaining 19 congeners by the following characteristics: small horn-like tubercle at upper eyelid [vs. slightly large in M. (Pa.) jinggangensis , M. (Pa.) latidactyla , and M. (Pa.) palpebralespinosa ]; vomerine teeth absent [vs. present in M. (Pa.) daweimontis , M. (Pa.) dongguanensis , M. (Pa.) fansipanensis , M. (Pa.) hoanglienensis , M. (Pa.) insularis , M. (Pa.) jinggangensis , M. (Pa.) latidactyla , and M. (Pa.) palpebralespinosa ]; tongue not notched behind [vs. notched in M. (Pa.) baolongensis , M. (Pa.) boettgeri , M. (Pa.) fansipanensis , M. (Pa.) hoanglienensis , M. (Pa.) huangshanensis , M. (Pa.) insularis , and M. (Pa.) minor ]; lateral fringes on toes wide [vs. absent in M. (Pa.) baolongensis , M. (Pa.) daweimontis , M. (Pa.) dongguanensis , M. (Pa.) fansipanensis , M. (Pa.) hoanglienensis , M. (Pa.) huangshanensis , M. (Pa.) insularis , M. (Pa.) jiangi , M. (Pa.) leishanensis , M. (Pa.) minor , and M. (Pa.) tuberogranulatu ; vs. narrow in M. (Pa.) jinggangensis and M. (Pa.) xianjuensis ; vs. absent in females while wide in males in M. (Pa.) wushanensis ]; rudimentary webs on toes [vs. more than one-fourth webs in M. (Pa.) palpebralespinosa ; vs. lacking webs in M. (Pa.) baolongensis , M. (Pa.) daweimontis , M. (Pa.) fansipanensis , M. (Pa.) hoanglienensis , and M. (Pa.) huangshanensis ].
Description of holotype.
Adult male. Moderate body size, SVL 40.9 mm; head width slightly larger than head length, HDW/HDL 1.02; snout rounded in dorsal view, projecting, sloping backward to mouth in profile, protruding well beyond margin of lower jaw; top of head flat; eyes large, ED 0.41 of HDL, pupil vertical; nostril oblique-ovoid; canthus rostralis well developed; loreal region slightly oblique; internasal distance slightly larger than interorbital distance; tympanum clear, TD/ED 0.44; large ovoid choanae at the base of the maxilla; presence of weak vomerine ridge, absence of vomerine teeth; margin of tongue rounded, not notched behind; presence of a single subgular vocal sac, a pair of slit-like openings at posterior of jaw.
Radio-ulna length 0.22 of SVL and hand 0.23 of SVL; hand without webs, fingers without lateral fringes, relative finger length I <II <IV <III; tips of fingers slightly dilated, round; one distinct subarticular tubercle at the bases of each finger; inner metacarpal tubercle observably enlarged and the outer one smaller; a single nuptial pad on the dorsal surface of the first and second fingers. Hindlimbs slender, tibio-tarsal articulation reaching forward between eye and tympanum when hindlimb is stretched along the side of the body; heels just meeting when the flexed hindlimbs are held at right angles to the body axis; tibia length 0.42 of SVL and foot length 0.58 of SVL; relative toe length I <II <V <III <IV; tips of toes round and slightly dilated; toes with relatively wide lateral fringes and rudiment of webs; one distinct subarticular tubercle at the bases of each toe; inner metatarsal tubercle long ovoid and the outer one absent.
Dorsal skin smooth with sparse granules; sparse tubercles on the flanks; a horn-like prominent tubercle on the edge; clear supratympanic fold curving postero-ventrally from posterior corner of eye to a level above insertion of arm; a discontinuous X-shaped ridge and two discontinuous dorsolateral ridges on two sides at the central back; sparse tubercles on the dorsal shank and thigh; ventral surface smooth; several tubercles on posterior hindlimbs; small pectoral gland closer to axilla; a single large femoral gland on rear of thigh.
Coloration.
Yellowish brown above in life; a dark interorbital triangle with light colored center and edge; a dark X-shaped making with light edge on the central of dorsum; dark brown transverse bands on forearms and hindlimbs; supratympanic fold light colored; dark vertical band below the eye; iris light brown with net-like stripes; throat and anterior chest reddish gray; a longitudinal stripe on the throat; a large white blotch with scarlet spots on the belly; one pair of lateroventral longitudinal broad reddish stripes on two sides; ventral limbs flesh color; ventral hands purplish, tips of fingers pale-grey, metacarpal tubercle reddish; ventral feet purplish brown, tips of fingers pale grey, metatarsal tubercle reddish; pectoral gland and femoral gland white.
Variations.
Measurement data of type series are listed in Table 7 View Table 7 . All paratypes are similar to the holotype. Female (SVL 44.4 mm) are slightly larger than males (SVL 38.6-42.0 mm).
Distribution and ecology.
Megophrys (Panophrys) xiangnanensis sp. nov. is currently known only from Mt Yangming, southwestern Hunan. This toad inhabits areas near slowly flowing mountain streams surrounded by moist subtropical secondary evergreen broadleaf forests between elevations of 900-1400 m a.s.l. Males call from May to July, and during this time the males bear nuptial pads. Only one female individual was found, and tadpoles and other ecological information remain unknown.
Vocalization.
The advertisement calls of Megophrys (Panophrys) xiangnanensis sp. nov. were recorded from the Holotype at 16 °C air temperature on 12 June 2014. Four calls with 98 notes are measured and the spectrograms are shown in Fig. 6B View Figure 6 . The advertisement call is made up of 24.5 ± 4.7 (17-29, N = 4) continuous click notes. Each call lasts 9.46 ± 1.77 s (6.39-10.53 s, N = 4) and each note lasts 151 ± 12 ms (113-177 ms, N = 98) with an interval of 240 ± 95 ms (148-631 ms, N = 94) between every two notes. The peak frequency measures at 3033 ± 123 Hz (2813-3188 Hz, N = 98).
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