Mandarella uenoi (Kimoto, 1969) Kimoto, 1969

Lee, Chi-Feng, Tsai, Cheng-Lung, Konstantinov, Alexander & Yeh, Wen-Bin, 2016, Revision of Mandarella Duvivier from Taiwan, with a new species, new synonymies and identities of highly variable species (Insecta, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini), ZooKeys 568, pp. 23-49 : 27-31

Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Chrysomelidae

Mandarella uenoi (Kimoto, 1969) comb. n.

Stenoluperus tibialis : Chûjô 1965: 98 (Taiwan); Kimoto 1969: 40 (additional records in Taiwan); Kimoto 1991c: 13 (additional record in Taiwan). Misidentification

Mandarella tibialis : Medvedev 2012: 427.

Luperus uenoi Kimoto, 1969: 39 (Taiwan).

Stenoluperus nipponensis : Kimoto 1969: 40 (Taiwan); Kimoto 1989: 253 (additional records in Taiwan); Kimoto 1991c: 12 (additional records in Taiwan). Misidentification

Stenoluperus potanini : Kimoto 1974: 26 (Taiwan); Kimoto 1989: 253 (additional records in Taiwan); Kimoto 1991c: 12 (additional records in Taiwan). Misidentification

Stenoluperus taiwanus Kimoto, 1991a: 14. New synonym

Mandarella taiwana : Medvedev 2012: 427.

Stenoluperus minor Kimoto, 1991b: 117 (nec Kimoto, 1977).

Stenoluperus kimotoi Döberl, 2001: 383. (replacement name for Stenoluperus minor Kimoto, 1991). New synonym

Type material.

Luperus uenoi . Holotype ♂ (KUEC): "(Taiwan) / Mt. Nan-hu-ta Shan [南湖大山] / 3,580 m / Tái-chung Hsien [h, w] // 17.VI. [h] 19 [p] 61 [h] / S. Ueno [p, w] // Luperus / uenoi / Kimoto, sp. n. [h, w] // HOLOTYPE [p, r]". Paratypes: 1♂, 1♀, (KMNH): "(Taiwan) / Mt. Nan-hu-ta Shan [南湖大山] / 3,580 m / Tái-chung Hsien [h, w] // 17.VI. [h] 19 [p] 61 [h] / S. Ueno [p, w] // Luperus / uenoi / Kimoto, sp. n. [h, w] // PARATOPOTYPE [p, b]".

Stenoluperus minor . Paratype: 1♂ (KMNH): "Mt. YUSHAN [玉山] / TAIWAN / 8. VI. 1980 / N. ITO [p, y] // Stenoluperus / minor / Kimoto, sp. n. [h] / Det. S. Kimoto, 19 [p] 91 [h, w] // PARATOPOTYPE [p, b]".

Stenoluperus taiwanus . Paratypes: 1♀ (KMNH): "(Taiwan) / Yuanfeng [鳶峰], 2800m / -- Kunyang [昆陽], 3100m / Nantou Hsien [p, w] // Stenoluperus / taiwanus / Kimoto, sp. n. [h] // Det. S. Kimoto, 19 [p] 91 [h, w] // Stenoluperus / tibialis / Chen? [h] / Det. S. Kimoto, 19 [p] 75 [h, w] // PARATYPE [p, b] // Japan-U. S. / Co-op. Sci. / Programme [p, y] // 1.VI.1965 / T. Nakane [h, w]"; 1♂ (KMNH): "Mt. Ho Huan Shan, [合歡山] / (3200m) / M-Taiwan / 28.V.1989 / Col. K. Baba [p, w] // Stenoluperus / taiwanus / Kimoto, sp. n. [h] // Det. S. Kimoto, 19 [p] 91 [h, w] // PARATYPE [p, b]"; 1♀ (KMMH): " M.t Wu Kon Shan, [五公山] / near Liu kuei, / S-Taiwan / 3.VI.1989 / Col. K. Baba [p, w] // Stenoluperus / taiwanus / Kimoto, sp. n. [h] // Det. S. Kimoto, 19 [p] 91 [h, w] // PARATOPOTYPE [p, b]".

Voucher specimens.

Stenoluperus nipponensis . 1♂ (KMNH): "(Taiwan) / Mt. Nanhu-pei Shan [南湖北山] / 3,500 m / I-lan Hsien [h, w] // 17.VI. [h] 19 [p] 61[h] / S. Ueno [p, w]"; 1♂ (KMNH): "Mt. Hsüeh Shan [雪山] / 3,400~3,600 m / Tái-chung Hsien [h, w] // 22.VI. [h] 19 [p] 61 [h] / S. Ueno [p, w]" (it belong to form uenoi ); 1♂ (KMNH): "(Taiwan) / Alishan [阿里山] / Yushankou [玉山口] / Chiai Hsien [p, w] // May [p] 26 [h].1971 [p] / K. Kanmiya [p, w]"; 1♀ (KMNH): "Ya Kou, [啞口] / Alt. Ca. 2800m. / Kao Hsiung Hsien, / S-Taiwan / 1.VIII.1986 / Col. K. Baba [p, w]"; they were determined by Kimoto in 1968. 1♀ (EUMJ): "(TAIWAN) / Tsuifeng [翠峰] / Nantou Hsien / 28. VI, 1970 / Y. Hor [p, w]"; it was determined by Kimoto in 1991.

Stenoluperus potanini . 1♀ (CAS): "Szechuan, W. China / Omei Shan: Shin-kai / -sze, 1,500 M. Aug. / 9. 1940. L. Gressitt [p, w]"; 1♂ (BPBM): "near Mupin / 7000-1300 ft [p] / Jul.6-8, [h] '29 [p, w] // Szechuan / CHINA / DCGraham [p, w] // US [p, w]"; 1♂ (BPBM): "nr Mupin / Jul.7.1929 / 12,300 ft. [p, w] // Szechuan / CHINA / DCGraham [p, w] // ILL [p, y] // N48 [h, w]"; 1♀ (BPBM): "Washan [p] / 7-26-25 [h] / Szechuan [p, w] // China / Alt [p] 11,000 ft [h, w] // DCGraham / collector [p, w] // US [p, w]"; 1♀ (BPBM): "Szechuan, W. China / Omei Shan: S. side. / 2,000-1,000 M. Aug. / 12. 1940. L. Gressitt [p, w] // N62 [h, w] // ILL [p, y]"; 1♀ (BPBM): "Szechuan, W. China / Nien-hwo-shih to / summit. Omei Shan / 2,000-3,060 M. Aug / 10. 1940. L. Gressitt [p, w]"; they was determined by Gressitt & Kimoto in 1962. 1♂ (KMNH): "Mt. HOHUAN [合歡山] / TAIWAN / 3.V.1982 / T. ITO [p, y]; 1♀ (KMNH): "Ho Huan Shan, [合歡山] / Alt. 3200m. / Nan Tow Hsien. / M-Taiwan / 6.VIII.1986 / Col. K. Baba [p, w]" (it should belong to form uenoi ); both were determined by Kimoto in 1991. 1♂, 1♀ (KMNH): "(FORMOSA) / Lake Yenyanfu [鴛鴦湖] / Ilan Hsien / 29, IV 1982 / N. Ohbayashi leg. [p, w]"; both were determined by Kimoto in 1987.

Stenoluperus tibialis . 1♂ (CAS): "Szechuan, W. China / Omei Shan: below / Shin-kai-sze, alt. 1,400-1,000 M. Aug. / 17. 1940. L. Gressitt [p, w]"; 1♀ (BPBM): "Szechuan, W. China / Nien-hwo-shih to / summit. Omei Shan / 2,000-3,060 M. Aug / 10. 1940. L. Gressitt [p, w]"; both were determined by Gressitt & Kimoto in 1962. 2♂♂, 2♀♀ (KMNH): "(Taiwan) / Alishan [阿里山] / Chiai Hsien [p, w] // May [p] 25 [h].1971 [p] / K. Kanmiya [p, w]"; they were determined by Kimoto in 1973

Description.

Male. Body size, relative lengths of antennomeres, and color patterns extremely variable, separated into six forms:

Form A (formerly identified as Mandarella uenoi ): Length 3.1-3.5 mm. General color metallic blue except antenna, leg, and abdomen black (Figs 10-11). Elytron with longitudinal ridges. Antenna 0.8X as long as body, four apical antennomeres wide, ratio of length of antennomeres II to XI about 0.6: 1.0: 1.2: 1.4: 1.4: 1.5: 1.5: 1.4: 1.2: 1.6; ratio of length to width from antennomeres II to XI about 1.8: 3.0: 3.6: 4.0: 3.7: 3.4: 2.7: 3.0: 2.9: 3.9 (Fig. 20). Some individuals with longer antenna, as long as body, four apical antennomeres slender, ratio of length of antennomeres II to XI about 0.6: 1.0: 1.3: 1.6: 1.3: 1.6: 1.4: 1.4: 1.3: 1.7; ratio of length to width from antennomere III to XI 1.8: 3.0: 4.0: 4.7: 4.1: 4.6: 4.2: 4.2: 3.9: 4.1 (Fig. 21).

Form B (formerly identified as Mandarella potanini ): Similar to form A, but body larger, length 3.7-4.1 mm; elytron without longitudinal ridges (Figs 12-13). Antennae longer, 1.2X longer than body, antennomere II subequal to III, antennomeres III-XI extremely slender, ratio of length of antennomeres II to XI about 0.7: 1.0: 2.6: 2.7: 2.5: 2.5: 2.5: 2.3: 2.2: 2.3; ratio of length to width from antennomeres II to XI 1.6: 2.2: 6.2: 6.5: 6.2: 6.1: 6.1: 6.6: 6.2: 6.5 (Fig. 22).

From C (formerly identified as Mandarella nipponensis ): Length 3.8-4.1 mm. Similar to form B (Figs 14-15); antennae 1.2X longer than body, antennomere III much longer than II, III to XI extremely slender, ratio of length of antennomeres II to XI about 0.4: 1.0: 1.5: 1.7: 1.6: 1.6: 1.5: 1.5: 1.4: 1.5; ratio of length to width from antennomere II to XI 1.7: 4.1: 6.1: 6.9: 7.0: 7.0: 6.8: 6.7: 6.4: 6.8 (Fig. 23).

Form D (formerly identified as Mandarella tibialis ): General color metallic blue but antennae and legs yellowish brown, coxa and femora metallic blue except apex (Figs 16-17). Length 3.4-3.7 mm. Antennae extremely long, about 1.5X longer than body, antennomere II subequal to III, III to X extremely slender; ratio of length of antennomeres II to XI 1.0: 1.0: 3.9: 3.8: 3.8: 3.9: 3.8: 3.9: 3.5: 3.9; ratio of length to width from antennomeres II to XI 1.7: 1.7: 6.5: 6.3: 7.3: 7.5: 7.3: 7.5: 6.8: 7.5 (Fig. 24). Some individuals with antennomere III much longer than II, III to X extremely slender; ratio of length of antennomeres II to XI 0.5: 1.0: 1.4: 1.5: 1.4: 1.5: 1.5: 1.5: 1.4: 1.6; ratio of length to width from antennomeres II to XI 1.8: 3.9: 6.3: 6.5: 6.1: 6.5: 7.5: 7.5: 6.7: 8.0 (Fig. 25).

Form E (formerly identified as Mandarella kimotoi ): General color metallic blue but antennae and legs yellowish brown (Figs 18-19). Elytra with longitudinal ridges. Length 3.0-3.1 mm, antennae 0.9X as long as body, ratio of length of antennomeres II to XI about 0.5: 1.0: 1.3: 1.6: 1.5: 1.5: 1.5: 1.4: 1.3: 1.6; ratio of length to width from antennomeres II to XI 1.2: 2.9: 4.1: 4.8: 4.5: 4.7: 4.5: 4.2: 4.1: 4.8 (Fig. 26).

Form F (formerly identified as Mandarella taiwana ): Similar to form E, but larger, length 3.4-3.7 mm. Antennae longer, about 1.1X longer than body; antennomere III much longer than III, III to X extremely slender; ratio of length of antennomeres II to XI 0.4: 1.0: 1.5: 1.6: 1.5: 1.6: 1.5: 1.5: 1.4: 1.6; ratio of length to width from antennomeres II to XI 1.5: 3.9: 6.1: 6.4: 6.5: 6.7: 6.3: 7.1: 6.7: 6.7 (Fig. 27).

Pronotum 1.4-1.6 times as broad long, quadrate, disc with scattered fine punctures, sometimes with feeble lateral depressions. Elytra 1.7-1.8 times as long as broad, parallel-sided, disc with dense, irregular, coarse punctures. First tarsomeres of front and middle legs extremely variable, extremely swollen, either elongate swollen or apically swollen. Posterior margin of last abdominal ventrite rounded, with two small incisions. Penis (Figs 28-29) extremely slender, about 9.1 times as long as broad; parallel-sided; tectum well sclerotized and apically tapering; almost straight in lateral view, curved near apex, apex truncate; endophallus with one longitudinal sclerite, apex bifurcate and forming two acute process, medially narrow.

Females. Length 3.5-3.7 mm, width 1.5-1.7 mm. Similar to male; head weakly constricted behind eyes. First tarsomeres of front and middle legs normal and not swollen. Gonocoxae (Fig. 30) slender, each gonocoxa apically widened, apex with eight setae; gonocoxae connected at middle, base abruptly and extremely widened. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 31) weakly sclerotized; apical margin with several short setae, disc with one pair of oblique dark stripes connected at apex, with several setae along outer margins of dark stripes; spiculum extremely long. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig. 32) extremely swollen; pump strongly curved; sclerotized spermathecal duct long, weakly projecting into receptaculum.

Diagnosis.

Mandarella nipponensis , Mandarella tibialis , and Mandarella potanini were misidentified as Mandarella uenoi . Mandarella nipponensis possesses a wide and asymmetric penis (Figs 33-34). The penis of Mandarella tibialis is wider in lateral view with a pair of stout acute processes at the base of the endophallic sclerites (Figs 35-36). The penis of Mandarella potanini is wider and straight apically, and possesses a pair of serrate sclerites at the middle of the endophallic sclerites (Figs 37-38).

Host plants.

Adults are abundant at high altitudes during spring and summer. The first author collected more two hundred specimens in three hours in Yuanfeng, Nantou county on June 12, 2015. They were resting on leaves of various plants and produced very small feeding scars.

Distribution.

Endemic to Taiwan.

Other material examined.

A total of 1008 specimens was examined (Supplementary file 2: Mandarella uenoi , specimens examined).