Paragabara flavomacula (Oberthür, 1880), Oberthur, 1880

Kononenko, Vladimir S., Han, Hui-Lin, Yu, Alexej & V, Ато, 2010, A review of the Eastern Palaearctic genera Paragona Staudinger, 1892 and Paragabara Hampson, 1926 with description of two new species and a new genus (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae: Aventiinae, Hypeninae), Zootaxa 2679, pp. 51-68 : 58

Paragabara flavomacula (Oberthür, 1880)

( Figs. 9–12 , 23 , 33 )

Madopa flavomacula Oberthür, 1880, Études d’Entomologie , 5: 87, pl. 4, fig. 5 (Type-locality: [ Russia, Primorye terr.], Askold [ Island]).

Material examined. Types. Male lectotype designated here ( Figs. 23 , 33 ) (to promote stability of the name), labeled: “Ile Askold 42½° lat. N 102° long. (Mantsohourie) M.Jankowski. 1878/ Madopa flavomacula, Oberthür – typic specimen. Etud. d’Entomol. Velivrais. Pl. IV, fig. 5./ Ex Oberthür Coll. Brit. Mus. 1927-3./ SYNTYPE ”. Preserved in The Natural History Museum (London). The lectotype is selected at the suggestion of M. Honey (The Natural History Museum), on the basis of of the specimen illustrated in the original description (Oberthür 1880). Other material: Amur region: 1 female 40 km W of Svobodnyj, Klimoutsy, 2.vii, 17.vii.1958, leg. V.I. Kuznetsov & I.L. Sukhareva; 1 female 75 km W of Svobodnyj, 2.vii.1959, leg. Dorokhina; 1 female between Malaya Peri and Bolshaya Ergelja rivers, 10.vii.1958, leg. V.I. Kuznetsov; Jevrejskaja AO, Obluchenskij district: 1 female, 5 km E of Radde, Lagar stream, 17–19.vii.2005, leg. S.Yu. Sinev;, Primorye terr., Ol’ga: 1 male 1.viii.1991, leg. A.V. Nekrasov; Jakovlevsky distr.: 4 males, 3 females, Vinogradovka, 1–17.vii.1929, leg. A.M. Djakonov & I.N. Filipjev; 2 males, 1 female Jakovlevka, 6.vi. – 10.vii.1926, leg. A.M. Djakonov & I.N. Filipjev; Partizansky distr.: 1 male Suchanskij rudnik, 19.vii.1938, leg. Palshkov; 1 female, Suchanskij rudnik, 5.vii. [?], leg. Dolgih; Ussuriisky distr.: 1 male 20 km E of Ussurijsk, Gornotaezhnoe, 27.vi.1982, leg. M.V. Kozlov; 2 females 9.vii.1982, 14.vii.1999, leg. S.Yu. Sinev; Shkotovsky distr.: 1 female, 22 km NE of Nakhodka, Lozovyj Mts., 20.vii.1999, leg. V.G. Mironov; 1 female Molodezhnyj village, 23.vii.1975, leg. S. Nikireev, ex coll. A.V. Nekrasov; Nadezhdinsky distr. 1 female Gusevka, 31.vii.1984, leg. V.S. Kononenko, ex coll. A.V. Nekrasov; 1 female 7 km N of Zanadvorovka, 8.viii.1984, leg. S.Yu. Sinev; 1 male De-Friz peninsula, 30.vii.1957, leg. D. Kononov; 2 males, 1 female 26.vi.1962, 10.vii.1963, leg. M. Omel’ko; Khasan distr. 1 female, Rjazanovka, 3.vii.1982, leg. S.Yu. Sinev; 1 male, Slavjanka, 13–25.viii.1995, leg. A.V. Danchenko, ex coll. A.V. Nekrasov; Vladivostok: 1 male Okeanskaja, biological station, 18.vi.1963, leg. M.I. Falkovich, [ ZISP]; 10 males, 6 females, Primorye terr., Anisimovka, Tigrovoi, Gornotaezhnoe, Barabash-Levada, Kedrovaya Pad, Gusevka, 1984–1996 (V. Kononenko) ( IBSS).

Diagnosis. Wingspan 19–23 mm. P. flavomacula ( Figs. 9, 10, 12 ) and the two following species represent a complex of closely related taxa, which can be reliably identified by examination of genital structure. Externally P. flavomacula could be separated from its allied by somewhat bigger size, pale lilaceous grey with somewhat more purplish tint colour of forewing, unbroken antemedial line and more straight, apically angled postmedial line. In male genitalia ( Fig. 23 ) P. flavomacula differs from its allies in shorter, finger-like apical extension of costa and in the shape and armature of vesica with three diverticula armed with 2–3 strong straight cornuti and patches of moderate, straight cornuti. Female ( Fig. 33 ) differs in shape of wide, strongly sclerotized ductus bursae, bearing two extensions in caudal part; antevaginal plate with two rather wide lateral extensions; apophyses posterior very short, four times shorter than anterior ones.

Distribution and biology. ( Fig. 42 ). Manchurian, nemoral. Far East (Amur, S Khabarovsk and Primorye terr.), China, Korea, Japan ( Sugi 1982; Chen 1982; Kononenko 1990, 2005; Kononenko et al. 1998; Kononenko & Han 2007). Mesophilous species, occuring in meadows, woodsides, among bushes, in plantations of soya bean. Two generations from mid June to late August. Larvae feed on Pueraria , Amphicarpa (Fabaceae) and on fresh and semi-dry leaves of soya bean ( Glycine soya ) ( Miyata 1983; Yamamoto & Sugi 1987).

Figures

FIGURES 9 – 16. Paragabara sp., external appearance. 9. P. flavomacula, male, lectotype, Russia, Primorye terr. (BMNH); 10. Ditto, underside; 11. Lectotype labels. 12. P. flavomacula, male, China (ZFMK); 13. P. ochreipennis, male, China (ZFMK); 14. P. curvicornuta, female, Russia, Primorye terr. (IBSS); 15. Remmigabara secunda, Russia, Primorye terr.; 16. Britha inambitiosa, Japan (coll. K. Eda).

FIGURES 23 – 28. Paragabara, Remmigabara and Britha, male genitalia. 23. Paragabara flavomacula, Russia Primorye terr., glycerin prep. AM (ZISP); 24. P. ochreipennis, Russia Primorye terr., prep. 0085 Matov (ZISP); 25. P. curvicornuta, paratype, Russia Primorye terr., prep 0083 Matov (ZISP); 26.. P. curvicornuta, paratype, Russia Primorye terr., glycerin prep. 2335 VK (ZFMK), everted vesica: North China, prep. HHL (NEFU); 27. Remmigabara secunda, S Korea, prep. 275 - 1 HHL (CIS); 28. Britha inambitiosa, Japan prep. K. Eda.

FIGURES 29 – 36. Paragona, Paragabara and Remmigabara, female genitalia. 29. P. cognata, Russia, Primorye terr., glycerin prep. AM (ZISP); 30. P. multisignata, N China, prep. 798 HHL (CIS); 31. P. inchoata, South Korea, prep. 277 - 2 HHL (CIS); 32. P. n e m o r a t a, paratype, South Korea, prep. 1050 - 1 HHL (KNA); 33. Paragabara flavomacula, Russia, Primorye terr., glycerin prep. AM (ZISP); 34. P. ochreipennis, Japan, prep. 0080 Matov (ZISP); 35. P. curvicornuta, Russia, Primorye terr., prep. 0086 Matov. (ZISP); 36. Remmigabara secunda, S Korea, prep. 275 - 2 HHL (CIS);

FIGURES 37 – 44. Paragona, Paragabara and Remmigabara, distribution maps. 37. Paragona cognata; 38. P. multisignata; 39. P. inchoata; 40. P. cleoridis; 41. P. n emor at a; 42. Paragabara flavomacula; 43. P. ochreipennis; 44. P. curvicornuta; 46. Remmigabara secunda.