Lupinus austrorientalis C.P.Sm. var. austrorientalis, C. P. Sm. var. austrorientalis, 2022

Planchuelo, Ana María, 2022, New varieties and synonyms of Lupinus species (Fabaceae, Faboideae) of Northwestern Argentina, Phytotaxa 566 (2), pp. 143-170 : 160-163

3.1. Lupinus austrorientalis C.P.Sm. var. austrorientalis , stat. nov. Tables 1 & 2 (third column). Figs. 3 & 4 C .

Basionym: Lupinus austrorientalis C.P.Sm., Sp. Lup. : 182 (1940). Type:— ARGENTINA: Prov. Catamarca: Dpto. Belén: En altivalles arenosos, entre Nacimientos y La Laguna Blanca, Lorentz 464 (holotype: B lost, isotype CORD!, SI!) .

= Lupinus castillonanus C.P.Sm., Sp. Lup. : 335 (1943). syn. nov. Type:— ARGENTINA: Prov. Catamarca: Dpto. Ambato: El Manchado, El Rincón, 17 Feb. 1910, Castillon 1625 (holotype DS!, isotype LIL! with more branches than the holotype).

= Lupinus cafayatensis C.P.Sm., Sp Lup. : 349 (1944). syn. nov. Type:— ARGENTINA: Prov. Salta: Dpto. Cafayate: El Alisal, 2800 m s.n.m., 14 Jan. 1914. Rodriguez 1344 (holotype: DS!, isotypes LIL! SI! with more branches that the holotype).

= Lupinus catamarcensis C.P.Sm., Sp. Lup. 350 (1944). syn. nov. Type:— ARGENTINA: Prov. Catamarca: Dpto. Capital: Carrizal de Angier , Jan.1875, F. Shickendandtz 49 (holotype B lost, isotype CORD!, SI!).

= Lupinus sierra-zentae C.P.Sm., Sp Lup. : 353 (1944). syn. nov. Type:— ARGENTINA: Prov. Jujuy: Dpto. Humahuaca: Sierra de Zenta , 3500 m s.n.m., Mar. 1931, Budin 7517 (holotype DS! isotype LIL! with more branches that the holotype)

= Lupinus tilcaricus C.P.Sm., Sp. Lup. : 354 (1944). syn. nov. Type:— ARGENTINA: Prov. Jujuy: Dpto. Tilcara: Tilcara, La Laguna, Jan. 1926, Schreiter 45 (holotype DS!; isotype LIL!)

Etymology:— “ austrorientalis ” is from Latin meaning “from Southern Eastern”; “ castillonanus ” in homage to the Argentine botanist León Castillón and the collector of the type material; “ cafayatensis ”, “ catamarcensis ”, “ sierrazentae ” and “ tilcaricus ” are a Latin versions of the places where the types were collected.

Phenology:— Flowering period depends on environmental conditions: most of the collected specimens were in flowers during early Summer (December-January) and in flowering and fruiting in middle and late Summer (February-March), with fruiting till Fall (May).

Distribution, Habitat and Red List of Endemic Species Category:— This variety is adapted and grows in the Central Andean Puna and in the Dry Andean Puna Ecoregions that are very arid environment in the provinces of Jujuy, Salta, Catamarca and La Rioja, between 3000 and 4350 masl, with no records in Tucumán probably for its more humid climate ( Fig. 4 C ). The first collection through herbarium specimen was recorded in 1875 in Catamarca and the last one is in 2020 in Salta. The major threat is the recurrent drought in a very dry environment and the lack of rain for several consecutives’ years during December to February which are the months of main reproductive period. The collection that was done in 2020 shows that the species may have the ability to reproduce by dormant seeds from the soil seed bank when environmental condition are favorable for germination and plant grows as it was during the period 2019–2020 with moderate to excessive humidity in the NOA region as was reported by the forecasts of water extremes: droughts and excess humidity (CREAN https://www.crean.unc.edu.ar/prono_2019–7/). Other threat are the native predators in Puna such as guanacos ( Lama guanicoe Müller ), vicuña ( Vicugna vicugna Molina ) and chinchillón ( Lagidium visccia Molina ) which eats lupins although the toxic alkaloid contains. This variety at species level ( L. austrorientalis ) was assigned in 2010 the conservation Category 4 (PlanEAr, 2021) Taking into consideration the restrict distribution and the increase of treating factors, this author considered, for first time, that the variety should be place in conservation status of Category 5 following the scale of PlanEAr and NT (Near threatened) under the IUCN status.

Comments:— Charles P. Smith treated L. austrorientalis in Signatures 10-12, Paper 13 “South American shrubby or bushy lupines with the upper calyx bidentate or entire” (Sp. Lup.: 150–191, 1940), but in the holotype quote “Type Lorentz 464, h 120 (exclusive of small acaulescent specimens)”, although the isotype shows only two branches, they do not have a shrub structure neither the structure of a acaulescent or rosette plant such those cited by Contreras-Ortiz et al. (2018). The isotype of L. austrorientalis in SI has a label that says “Leg Pablo Güther, Lorentz, Fl. Arg. 464”, showing that the specimen was a gift from Güther to Lorentz and this to the Darwinion Institute (SI). The specimen has a label handwritten by A. Burkart that says “Flora Argentina 464 ex Mus. Cordobensis, Lupinus tomentosus DC ” on the same label says “In sandy altivalles between Nacimientos and the White Lagoon. End of January 1872, Leg. P.G. Lorentz”, also has a typed label with the name of the species, publication data and with the indication as Isotypus . The identification as L. tomentosus DC. , which is a species from Peru, is perhaps related to the fact that it was a better-known name because C. P. Smith cited the species in several issues of his publication Sp. Lup., and because it was a popular species name, which sometimes was and is erroneously named as tarwi, that is the common name of L. mutabilis (data from different sources).

The type L. castillonanus at DS is only a branch of a plant, but the isotype at LIL has basal and apical secondary branches showing very different plant architecture from the holotype, however the floral characters are identical.

The isotype of L. sierra-zentae at LIL has several branches on the upper part of the plant and looks very different from the small portion of the plant that represents the holotype.

Representative Specimens:— ARGENTINA: no data, 4500 m s.n.m, Leg J. Fernandández wout/# BA 74502 A & 74503B ( BA) . Prov . Catamarca: Dpto . Ambato: El Manchado, El Rincón, 17 Feb. 1910, Castillon 1625 ( DS, LIL, L. castillonanus types). Dpto . Andalgalá: Capillitas , 12 Feb. 1959, Diers 67 ( SI) . Dpto . Belén: en altivalles arenosos, entre Nacimientos y La Laguna Blanca, Lorentz 464 ( CORD, SI, L. austrorientalis types) ; Quebrada de los Potrerillos arriba de Granadillas, ca. 2650 m s.n.m., 26 Jan. 1952, H. Sleumer & F. Vervoorst 2449 ( LIL, US) . Dpto . Capital: Carrizal de Angier , Jan. 1875, F. Shickendandtz 49 ( CORD, SI, US, L. catamarcensis types). Prov . Jujuy: Dpto . Humahuaca: Sierra de Zenta , 3500 m s.n.m., Mar. 1931, Budin 7517 ( DS, LIL, L. sierra-zentae types) ; Hornaditas, Cerro de Hornaditas , 23° 04‘ S, 65° 20‘ W, 2 Feb. 1979, P. Arenas & G. C. Giberti wout/# BACF 987 ( BACF, UMOMO) ; cuesta de Azul Pampa 25 Jan. 1964, A. Türpe & J. Valla wout/# BAA 3955 ( BAA) ; cuesta de Azul Pampa , ruta nacional N° 9, 23° 00‘ S, 65° 10‘ W, 7 Feb. 1979, P. Arenas wout/# BACF 975 ( BACF, UMO-MO) ; Camino de Abrapampa a Tilcara , Abra de la Cuesta Azul, 2 Feb. 1959, Diers 144 ( SI) . Dpto . Tilcara: Tilcara, La Laguna , Jan. 1926, Schreiter 45 ( DS, LIL, L. tilcaricus types) ; Pampa Corral , 3800 m s.n.m, 18 Jan. 1966, Fabris et al. 6375 ( BAA) ; Quebrada de Ventura , 3800 m s.n.m., 3 Mar. 1961, A. Cabrera & P. Hernández 14063 ( LP, US) . Prov . La Rioja: Dpto. Famatina: Velazco, Melchor, Jan. 1934 , A. Yepes wout/# BA 18826 ( BA) . Prov . Salta: Dpto . Cafayate: El Alisal, 2800 m s.n.m, 14 Jan. 1914, Rodríguez 1344 ( BA, DS, LIL, SI, L. cafayatensis types). Dpto . Iruya: Pueblo Viejo , en el camino al cementerio. 3500 m s.n.m., 28 Feb. 2020. Fabbroni & Gauffin 1754 ( MCNS) . Dpto . Santa Victoria: playa del río San Felipe, cerca de la confluencia con el río Acoite , 5 May 1986, J. Hurrell 115 ( LP) .

Figures

FIGURE 3. Lupinus austrorientalis C.P.Sm. A. Isotype at SI showing the label that says “Leg Pablo Güther, Lorentz, Fl. Arg. 464”. B. Dissected flowers with banners wider than long, typical of var. austrorientalis & var. umidicola (Planchuelo 958). C. Dissected flowers showing the orbicular banner of var. jujuyensis (Venturi 8163). D. Plant growing in Salta, representative specimen Fabbroni 1754 (MCNS) (Photo Fabbroni). E. Detail of inflorescence. F. Detail of flower showing the wide banner that covers the calyx. G. Portion of stem with semi-appressed long hairs and dense curly short hairs. H. Photo SEM (100 x) showing adaxial face of leaflet covered with long hairs, typical of var. austrorientalis and var. jujuyensis, this later more dense. I. Photo SEM (100 x) showing adaxial face of leaflet glabrous typical of var. umidicola. J. Fresh seed in a pod showing the cream color tegument and angle mark around the hilar region. K. mature seed with darker seed coat and angle mark around the hilar region (Photos Fabbroni).

FIGURE 4. Distribution maps of the treated species. The dots indicate the places where representative specimens were collected. Due to the overlap of places, the number of citations is indicated by province in a north-south sequence. A. Lupinus hieronymi C.P.Sm.: Jujuy 4; Salta, 2; Tucumán, 14; Catamarca 4; La Rioja, 1; Córdoba, 9. B. Lupinus burkartianus C.P.Sm.: Jujuy 14; Salta, 6; Tucumán, 16; Catamarca 4; La Rioja, 2. C. Lupinus austrorientalis C.P.Sm. var. austrorientalis: Jujuy 8; Salta, 3; Catamarca, 5; La Rioja, 1. D. Lupinus austrorientalis var. umidicola (C.P.Sm.) Planchuelo: Jujuy, 2; Salta, 13; Tucumán, 4; Catamarca 7; La Rioja, 3; Córdoba, 6. E. Lupinus austrorientalis var. jujuyensis (C.P.Sm.) Planchuelo: Jujuy, 6; Salta, 3.