Leiurus aylaensis, Afifeh & Al-Saraireh & Amr, 2025

Afifeh, Bassam Abu, Al-Saraireh, Mohammad & Amr, Zuhair, 2025, Revision of the genus Leiurus in Jordan, with a description of a new species and a new record (Scorpiones: Buthidae), Ecologica Montenegrina 86, pp. 81-118 : 89-96

Leiurus aylaensis sp. n. Abu Afifeh, Al-Saraireh & Amr

https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: ( Figures 1-2 , 27-46 , 92 , 98 ; Tables1, 3)

Type locality and type depository. Jordan, 17 km SE Aqaba / 12 km SW Titin , Aqaba Governorate, 29° 23' 32.0" N 35° 05' 47.8" E, 861 m a.s.l., 9 May 2024 ( BAPC) .

Type material examined. Jordan: 1 subadult ♀, Ports highway/ 8 km SE Aqaba, Aqaba Governorate, 29°29'23.1"N 35°04'55.7"E, 710 m a.s.l., 21 August 2023, leg. M. Al-Saraireh ; 1 ♂, 4 subadult ♂♂, 2 juv. ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 10 subadult ♀♀, 3 juv. ♀♀, 17 km SE Aqaba / 12 km SW Titin , Aqaba Governorate, 29°23'32.0"N 35°05'47.8"E, 861 m a.s.l., 9 May 2024, leg. B. Abu Afifeh, R. Abu Afifeh, and H. Al-Bdareen ; 3 ♂♂, 7 subadult ♂♂, 4 juv. ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 1 ♀ ( holotype), 8 subadult ♀♀, 2 juv. ♀♀, 16 km SE Aqaba / 10 km W Titin , Aqaba Governorate, 29°24'41.9"N 35°06'39.3"E, 1112 m a.s.l., 9 May 2024, leg. B. Abu Afifeh, R. Abu Afifeh, and H. Al-Bdareen .

Comparative material examined. Egypt: Leiurus quinquestriatus ( Figures 87-90 , 92, 95 , 101 ): 2 ♂♂, 1♀, Lake Nasser , Aswan, Aswan Governorate, 11 April 2012, leg. Dr. Abdullah Naji. Saudi Arabia: Leiurus haenggii ( Figures 96 , 102 ): 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Wadi Reem ( Al Aseel), Al Madinah Al Monawwarah Province , 23°55'06.50"N, 39°18'05.50"E, 1090 m a.s.l., 23 May 2022, leg. A. Aloufi ; 1 ♀, Al Fegrah ( Wadi Mzaber), Al Madinah Al Monawwarah Province , 24°21'44.34"N, 38°57'44.75"E, 1551 m a.s.l., 28 August 2022, leg. A. Aloufi.

Etymology. The specific epithet aylaensis is derived from Ayla, the ancient name for Aqaba, a city located in southern Jordan. This name honors the historical and geographical significance of the region.

Diagnosis. Small to medium Leiurus , adults 59-80 mm in total length, carapace length 6.72-7.44 mm in males, 6.96-9.24 in females, general colour yellow to yellowish orange (ochraceous); with variable dark reddish-brown pigmentation on carapace, mesosoma, and metasoma V; the interocular triangle on carapace is fuscous, and the ventromedian carinae of metasoma II–IV with dark pigment, metasoma V fuscous in adults except for posterior end, and usually darker in juveniles, anterior margin of carapace slightly concave, all carapace carinae strongly developed; central lateral and posterior median carinae fused to form lyre shaped row of granules, carapace anteromedian intercarinal surface shagreened with scattered medium or fine granules, carapace posteromedian furrow shallow and flanked by arcs of medium or fine granules, chelicerae with characteristic buthid dentition ( Vachon, 1963); tergites I–II, VII pentacarinate, III–VI tricarinate; medial intercarinal surfaces of tergites II-III shagreened, with variable medium to fine granulations; sternites III with obsolete median carinae in females; moderate in males; sternite IV-V with median carinae weak to obsolete in males, obsolete in females; sternite IV-V with lateral carinae moderate in males, weak in females, sternite VII medial intercarinal surface densely, finely shagreened, pectinal tooth counts ranging from 32-38 in males, and 27-32 in females. Pedipalps slender; femur L/ W 3.87 - 4.21 in males, 3.42 - 3.75 in females; patella L/ W 3.83 - 3.88 in males, 3.14 - 3.39 in females; chela L/ W 7.55 - 8.36 in males, 6.45 - 7.40 in females; fixed and movable finger of pedipalps with 12 rows of granules and marked accessory granules; trichobothrial pattern orthobothriotaxic, type A-β ( Vachon, 1974, 1975); pedipalp chela fixed finger trichobothrium db distal to es t; metasoma I–III with 10 carinae, median lateral carinae complete on I, reduced on II–III; metasoma IV with 8 carinae; metasoma V with 7 carinae; metasoma V with enlarged subtriangular or lobate denticles on ventrolateral carinae, metasoma slender; metasoma I L/ W 1.22 - 1.24 in males, 1.13 - 1.27 in females, metasoma II L/ W 1.66 - 1.72 in males, 1.58 - 1.80 in females; metasoma III L/ W 1.87 -1.96 in males, 1.67-2.03 in females; metasoma IV L/ W 2.27 -2.35 in males, 2.12-2.43 in females; metasoma V L/ W 2.79 -3.00 in males, 2.55 - 3.04 in females.

Description: Based on female holotype and paratypes. Measurements are in Table (1).

Coloration. Generally yellow to yellowish orange ( Figs. 27-30 ), carapace with dark pigmentation on interocular triangle, and around median ocular tubercle; carinae of carapace and tergites darkened; anterior areas of tergites with dark pigment; metasomal segments I-IV yellowish except darkened ventromedian carinae; metasoma V fuscous except for posterior end; vesicle yellow; aculeus dark reddish-brown at the base and dark black at its extremity; chelicerae yellow; teeth blackish; pedipalps and legs are yellowish; rows of granules on the dentate margins of the fingers dark red.

Morphology

Prosoma ( Fig. 98 ). Anterior margin of carapace slightly concave; all carapace carinae strongly developed, granulose, including central median, posterior median, anterior median, central lateral and central median; central lateral and posterior median carinae fused to form lyre shaped row of granules. carapace anteromedian intercarinal surface shagreened with scattered medium or fine granules, carapace posteromedian furrow shallow and flanked by arcs of medium or fine granules; median ocular tubercle only slightly anterior to the centre of the carapace, almost in a central position; median eyes separated by slightly more than two ocular diameters; five pairs of lateral eyes; (3 large, 2 small) on each side.

Chelicerae: Dorsal surface of manus smooth, convex, prodorsal margin finely granular; retrodorsal surfaces smooth; prolateral and ventral surfaces densely setose; fingers with normal buthid dentition ( Vachon, 1963), fixed finger dorsal and ventral surfaces densely setose, dorsal margin bears 4 teeth: distal, subdistal, median, and basal; ventral margin with basal and median denticles; movable finger dorsal surface smooth; ventral surface densely setose; dorsal margin bears 5 teeth: distal, subdistal, median, and a pair of basal denticles fused in bicusp; ventral margin with distal, median, and basal teeth. The movable finger always ends in two distal teeth–one dorsal and one ventral– between which is inserted the distal tooth of the fixed finger.

Mesosoma ( Figs. 33-34 ). Tergites I, II and VII pentacarinate; III and IV tricarinate; all carinae strong, granular; median carinae on I moderate to strong; on II-VI strong, crenulate; terminating distally on each segment with a spinoid process that extends very slightly beyond the posterior margin of the tergite; tergite VII with 5 strong, granular carinae; inner and outer lateral carinae joined anteriorly by transverse granule rows; median carinae present on anterior one-half to 2/3 of the total length, moderate to strong. Intercarinal spaces weakly granular, excepted for the lateral margins of tergites III-VI which are strongly granulated; sternites: lateral carinae absent from sternite III; weak to moderate on sternites IV-VI; strong, crenulate on VII; median carinae on sternite III obsolete in females, moderate in males; on IV weak to obsolete; on V weak; on VI moderate; on VII strong crenulate. Pectines long; reaching to or slightly beyond coxa-trochanter joint of leg IV in the female, well beyond this articulation in males; pectinal tooth count 32-38 in males and 27-32 in females. Pectines with 3 marginal lamellae, 9 middle lamellae, marginal and middle lamellae with dense cover of short reddish macrosetae; fulcra with 4–7 setae.

Metasoma ( Figs. 35-40 ). Metasomal segments I to III with 10 carinae, crenulate; median lateral carinae on I moderate to strong, crenulate; on II present on posterior one-third, crenulate; on III limited to posterior one-fifth; IV with 8 carinae; dorsosubmedian carinae granulate, moderate on I–III, weak to moderate on IV; dorsolateral and ventrolateral carinae granulate to crenulate; moderate to strong on IIV; median lateral carinae granulate, moderate on I–II, moderate posteriorly, weak anteriorly on III; ventromedian carinae moderate on I, strong on II–IV; granules on II–III becoming larger posteriorly; Segment V with 7 carinae; dorsolateral carinae very weak, faintly granulated, ventrolateral carinae strong with dentate granules increasing in size posteriorly, with several large subtriangular denticles; ventrosubmedian carinae marked by prominent series of medium to large rounded, dentate granules along length of segment, ventromedian carina strong, with medium to large rounded, dentate granules; lateral anal margin with 3 blunt lobes divided by deep incisions, and 6-8 irregular, wide transverse crenulations on ventral margin. Dorsal furrows of all segments moderately to weakly developed with scattered fine granulations; intercarinal surfaces on segments I-III smooth to lightly shagreened; on IVV sparsely, lightly to minutely shagreened.

Telson ( Figs. 35-40 ). Vesicle smooth, bulbous; ventral surface with scattered fine microsetae and several short macrosetae; aculeus slightly shorter than vesicle, subaculear tubercle absent.

Pedipalps

Femur ( Figs. 41-42 ) slender, L/ W 3.87 -4.21 in males, 3.42-3.75 in females; with five carinae; dorsoexternal, dorsointernal, and ventrointernal carinae strong with regular large conical granules; internal carina strong, with irregular large granules; external carina obsolete, a smooth ridge with isolated large dentate granules; dorsal and internal surfaces finely, sparsely shagreened, ventral and external surfaces nearly smooth.

Patella ( Figs. 43-44 ) slender, L/ W 3.83 -3.88 in males, 3.14-3.39 in females; with seven carinae; dorsointernal carinae moderate to strong, with one conspicuous spinoid granule and several smaller granules; dorsomedian carina weak, finely granular; dorsoexternal, external and ventroexternal carinae weak, smooth; ventromedian carina weak, with fine granules; ventrointernal carina weak, with wellspaced medium to small granules and ventral patellar spur; internal carina moderate, with closely spaced small granules and dorsal patellar spur.

Chela ( Figs. 45-46 ) slender, L/ W 7.55 -8.36 in males, 6.45-7.40 in females; with elongated fingers; movable finger L/ Carapace L 1.20-1.38 in males, 1.17-1.27 in females, all carinae almost vestigial. Dentate margins of fixed and movable fingers composed of 12-13 almost linear rows of granules and conspicuous accessory granules.

Trichobothrial pattern orthobothriotaxic ( Figs. 41-46 ). type A ( Vachon, 1974); dorsal trichobothria of femur in beta configuration ( Vachon, 1975); pedipalp chela fixed finger with trichobothrium db distal to est.

Legs: Moderately slender, ventral surface of telotarsi with stout paired rows of short tapered macrosetae. retrosuperior setae on basitarsus III counts 10-11. Tibial spurs present on legs III and IV strong. Pedal spurs present, strong on all legs, prolateral spurs basally bifurcate.

Distribution: Jordan.

Affinities

Leiurus quinquestriatus is distinguished from L. aylaensis sp. n. by having: (a). Larger size; total length 80-90 mm, and carapace length 7.8- 11.0 mm in L. quinquestriatus , while in L. aylaensis sp. n. 62-80 mm in total length, and carapace length 6.72-9.24 mm; (b). Carapace anteromedian intercarinal surface smooth with few isolated granules in L. quinquestriatus , while shagreened with scattered medium or fine granules in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (c). Carapace posteromedian furrow very shallow or obsolete in L. quinquestriatus ( Fig. 101 ), whereas moderately deep in L. aylaensis sp. n. ( Fig. 98 ); (d). Carapace posteromedian granule arcs reduced or absent in L. quinquestriatus ( Fig. 101 ), whereas present in L. aylaensis sp. n. ( Fig. 98 ); (e). Sternite III median carinae moderate to strong in female L. quinquestriatus ( Fig. 90 and Fig. 92 J in Lowe et al. 2014), while obsolete in females of the new species ( Fig. 34 ); (f). Sternite III medial intercarinal surface densely, finely granular or shagreened in L. quinquestriatus , while smooth in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (g). Sternites IV-V median carinae moderate in female of L. quinquestriatus ( Fig. 90 and Fig. 78 B in Lowe et al. 2014, while obsolete in females of L. aylaensis sp. n. ( Fig. 34 ); (h). Pedipalp chela relatively shorter in males of L. quinquestriatus ; chela length to width ratio 6.13-7.40, 6.90 ± 0.49 (n=7) in males L. quinquestriatus , while 7.55-8.36, 7.98 ± 0.43 (n=4) in males of the new species; (i). Less slender pedipalp patella; patella L/ W 3.17 -3.63, 3.40 ± 0.16 (n=7) in males L. quinquestriatus , while 3.83-3.88, 3.85 ± 0.02 (n=4) in males L. aylaensis sp. n.; (j). Different colour pattern, carapace with area between anterior median carinae lacking dark pigment in L. quinquestriatus , whereas with dark pigment in L. aylaensis sp. n.

Leiurus haenggii is distinguished from L. aylaensis sp. n. by having (a). Larger size; total length 65-97 mm in L. haenggii , while 62-80 mm in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (b). Carapace anteromedian intercarinal surface smooth with few isolated granules in L. haenggii , whereas shagreened with scattered medium or fine granules in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (c). Tergites II-III medial intercarinal surfaces smooth or lightly shagreened in L. haenggii , while densely, finely shagreened in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (d). Sternite VII medial intercarinal surface smooth or lightly shagreened anteriorly in L. haenggii , while densely, finely shagreened in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (e). Pectine basal piece smooth in L. haenggii , while lightly shagreened in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (f). Less slender pedipalp patella; in L. haenggii patella L/ W 3.01 -3.53, 3.32 ± 0.17 in males (n=11), 2.60-3.14, 2.95 ± 0.15 in females (n=4), while in L. aylaensis sp. n. patella L/ W 3.83 -3.88, 3.85 ± 0.02 in males (n=4), 3.14-3.39, 3.28 ± 0.09 in females (n=8).

Leiurus arabicus is distinguished from L. aylaensis sp. n. by having: (a). Larger size; total length 74-100 mm, and carapace length 8.9- 11.6 mm in L. arabicus , while in the new species 62-80 mm in total length, and carapace length 6.72-9.24 mm; (b). Carapace anteromedian intercarinal surface smooth with few isolated granules in L. arabicus , while shagreened with scattered medium or fine granules in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (c). Tergites II-III medial intercarinal surfaces usually smooth or lightly shagreened in L. arabicus , while densely, finely shagreened in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (d). Sternite III median carinae weak to moderately strong in females L. arabicus ( Fig. 92 B and C in Lowe et al. 2014, while obsolete in females of the new species ( Fig. 34 ); (e). Sternites IV-V median carinae weak to moderate in females of L. arabicus ( Fig. 37 B in Lowe et al. 2014, while obsolete in females of L. aylaensis sp. n. ( Fig. 34 ); (f). Pedipalp movable finger relatively longer in L. arabicus ; movable finger length to carapace length ratio 1.35-1.47, 1.42 ± 0.04 (n=10) in females L. arabicus , while 1.17-1.27, 1.23 ± 0.03 (n=8) in females of the new species.

Leiurus sinai is distinguished from L. aylaensis sp. n. by having: (a). Sternite III median carinae weak to moderate in females of L. sinai , while obsolete in females of L. aylaensis sp. n.; (b). Trichobothrium db on pedipalp chela fixed finger is proximal or in the same level with respect to trichobothrium est in L. sinai , while distal in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (c). Pedipalp chela is less slender; chela L/W ratio 6.5 in the male, and 6.31 in the female of L. sinai , whereas 7.55-8.36 (7.98 ± 0.43, n= 4) in males, and 6.45-7.40 (6.97 ± 0.41, n= 8) in females of the new species; (d). Different colour pattern, carapace only moderately spotted in its central zone in L. sinai , whereas the interocular triangle on carapace is always dark in L. aylaensis sp. n.

Leiurus hebraeus is distinguished from L. aylaensis sp. n. by having: (a). Less slender metasomal segments, and pedipalps ( Table 3); (b). Different colour pattern; the interocular triangle on carapace is always yellow, and the ventro-median carinae of metasoma II–IV lacks dark pigment in L. hebraeus , whereas the interocular triangle is always dark or fuscous, and the ventro-median carinae of metasoma II–IV with dark pigment in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (c). Sternite III with weak to obsolete median carinae in females; strong in males of L. hebraeus ( Figs. 52 , 54 and Figs. 62 B, 66 B , 92 K in Lowe et al. 2014, while in the new species sternites III with obsolete median carinae in females ( Fig. 34 ); moderate in males ( Fig. 32 ); (d). Sternite IV-V with median carinae moderate in males, weak to obsolete in females; sternite IV-V with lateral carinae strong in males, weak to moderate in females ( Figs. 52 , 54 ), while in L. aylaensis sp. n. sternite IV-V with median carinae weak to obsolete in males, obsolete in females; sternite IV-V with lateral carinae moderate in males, weak in females ( Figs. 32 , 34 ); (e). The trichobothrium db on pedipalp chela fixed finger is proximal or distal to trichobothrium est in L. hebraeus , while always distal in L. aylaensis sp. n.

Leiurus abdullahbayrami is distinguished from L. aylaensis sp. n. by having: (a). Less slender and more robust metasomal segments, and pedipalps ( Table 3); (b). Carapace anteromedian intercarinal surface smooth with few isolated granules in L. abdullahbayrami , while shagreened with scattered medium or fine granules in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (c). Sternite VII medial intercarinal surface smooth in L. abdullahbayrami , while densely, finely shagreened in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (d). The trichobothrium db on pedipalp chela fixed finger is always basal to trichobothrium est in L. Abdullahbayrami ( Fig. 25 ), while always distal in L. aylaensis sp. n. ( Fig. 45 ); (e). Pedipalp movable finger relatively shorter in L. abdullahbayrami ; movable finger length to carapace length ratio 1.00–1.07 (1.04±0.03) (n=4) in males, and 1.01–1.07 (1.05 ± 0.02) (n=12) in females of L. abdullahbayrami , while 1.20-1.38 (1.29 ± 0.07) (n=4) in males, and 1.17-1.27 (1.23 ± 0.03) (n=8) in females of of the new species; (f). Pedipalp fingers with 10 -11 primary denticle subrows in L. abdullahbayrami , while 12 in the new species; (g). Lateral anal margin with 2 large lobes in L. abdullahbayrami , while 3 in L. aylaensis sp. n.

Leiurus jordanensis is distinguished from L. aylaensis sp. n. by having: (a). More slender metasomal segments, and pedipalps ( Table 3); (b). Larger size; total length reaching 100 mm, and carapace length up to 11.4 mm in L. jordanensis , while in L. aylaensis sp. n. 62-80 mm in total length, and carapace length 6.72-9.24 mm; (c). Carapace anteromedian intercarinal surface smooth with few isolated granules in L. jordanensis , while shagreened with scattered medium or fine granules in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (d). Sternite III median carinae moderate to strong in female of L. jordanensis ( Fig. 74 and Fig. 92 L in Lowe et al. 2014, while obsolete in females of L. aylaensis sp. n. ( Fig. 34 ); (e). Sternite VII medial intercarinal surface finely granulated anteriorly in L. jordanensis , while densely, finely shagreened in L. aylaensis sp. n.; (f). Different colour pattern; base colour is black to blackish-brown, legs, telson, and pedipalp fingers are yellow in L. jordanensis , in contrast the base colour of L. aylaensis sp. n. is yellow, with less or more dark reddish-brown pigmentation on carapace, tergites and metasoma V.

Figures

Figures 1–6. In vivo habitus. Figure 1. Leiurus aylaensis sp. n., female holotype from Aqaba. Figure 2. Leiurus aylaensis sp. n. male paratype from Aqaba. Figure 3. Leiurus abdullahbayrami, female from Ma’an southern Jordan. Figure 4. Leiurus hebraeus, female from Um Al-Dananeer, Balqa Governorate. Figure 5. Leiurus jordanensis, female with partial absence of dark pigmentation, from Al-Ghal area southern Jordan. Figure 6. Leiurus jordanensis, female with dark pigmentation, from Al Mudawwarah, southern Jordan.

Figures 27–30: Leiurus aylaensis sp. n., habitus under white light. Figures 27–28. Male paratype, in dorsal (27), and ventral (28) views. Figures 29- 30. Female holotype, in dorsal (29), and ventral (30) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.

Figures 31–32. Leiurus aylaensis sp. n., Male paratype under UV light. Figure 31. Carapace and mesosoma. Figure 32. Coxal and sternopectinal regions and sternites. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Figures 33–34. Leiurus aylaensis sp. n., female holotype under UV light. Figure 33. Carapace and mesosoma. Figure 34. Coxal and sternopectinal regions and sternites. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Figures 35-40. Metasoma segments and telson under UV light. Leiurus aylaensis sp. n. (Figures 35-37). Male paratype in dorsal (35), ventral (36), and lateral (37) views. (Figures 38-40). Female holotype in dorsal (38), ventral (39), and lateral (40) views.

Figure 41-46. Leiurus aylaensis sp. n., female holotype, pedipalp segments under UV light, Figure 41. Femur internal view. Figure 42. Femur dorsal view. Figure 43. Patella dorsal view. Figure 44. Patella external view. Figure 45. Chela external view. Figure 46. Chela ventral view.

Figures 91–96. Comparsion of carapace of six Leiurus species under white light, Figure 91. Leiurus abdullahbayrami. Figure 92. Leiurus aylaensis sp. n. Figure 93. Leiurus hebraeus. Figure 94. Leiurus jordanensis. Figure 95. Leiurus quinquestriatus. Figure 96. Leiurus haenggii.

Figures 97–102: Comparison of carapace of six Leiurus species under UV light. Figure 97. Leiurus abdullahbayrami. Figure 98. Leiurus aylaensis sp. n. Figure 99. Leiurus hebraeus. Figure 100. Leiurus jordanensis. Figure 101. Leiurus quinquestriatus. Figure 102. Leiurus haenggii.

Figures 87–88. Leiurus quinquestriatus male from Egypt under UV light. Figure 87. Carapace and mesosoma. Figure 88. Coxal and sternopectinal regions and sternites. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Figures 89–90. Leiurus quinquestriatus female from Egypt under UV light. Figure 89. Carapace and mesosoma. Figure 90. Coxal and sternopectinal regions and sternites. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Figures 75-80. Metasoma segments and telson under UV light. Leiurus jordanensis. (Figures 75-77). Male in dorsal (75), ventral (76), and lateral (77) views. (Figures 78-80). Female in dorsal (78), ventral (79), and lateral (80) views.

Figures 51–52. Leiurus hebraeus male from Jordan under UV light. Figure 51. Carapace and mesosoma. Figure 52. Coxal and sternopectinal regions and sternites. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Figures 53–54. Leiurus hebraeus female from Jordan under UV light. Figure 53. Carapace and mesosoma. Figure 54. Coxal and sternopectinal regions and sternites. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Figure 61-66. Leiurus hebraeus female from Jordan, pedipalp segments under UV light. Figure 61. Femur internal view. Figure 62. Femur dorsal view. Figure 63. Patella dorsal view. Figure 64. Patella external view. Figure 65. Chela external view. Figure 66. Chela ventral view.

Figure 21-26. Leiurus abdullahbayrami female from Jordan, pedipalp segments under UV light. Figure 21. Femur internal view. Figure 22. Femur dorsal view. Figure 23. Patella dorsal view. Figure 24. Patella external view. Figure 25. Chela external view. Figure 26. Chela ventral view.

Figures 73–74. Leiurus jordanensis female from Jordan under UV light. Figure 73. Carapace and mesosoma. Figure 74. Coxal and sternopectinal regions and sternites. Scale bar: 5 mm.