Kinnecaris lakewayi, Karanovic & Cooper, 2011

Karanovic, Tomislav & Cooper, Steven J. B., 2011, Molecular and morphological evidence for short range endemism in the Kinnecaris solitaria complex (Copepoda: Parastenocarididae), with descriptions of seven new species 3026, Zootaxa 3026 (1), pp. 1-64 : 10-19

Kinnecaris lakewayi sp. nov.

( Figs. 1–4 )

Type locality. Australia, Western Australia, Yilgarn region, Lake Way borefield, bore SB32-1, 26.873739° S 120.202798° E.

Type material. Holotype male dissected on one slide ( WAM C45369); allotype female dissected on one slide ( WAM C47178); other paratypes: one male, five females, and two copepodids in alcohol ( WAM C47179), one female on one SEM stub in toto coated with carbon ( WAM C47180), and one male and one female dissected on one slide each ( WAM C47181 and C47182); all collected at type locality, leg. V. Campagna & E. Thomas, 21 November 2009, oeLN7122. Additional paratype: one female in alcohol ( WAM C45500), collected at type locality, leg. V. Campagna & E. Thomas, 16 August 2010, oeLN0719.

Other material examined. One male in alcohol ( WAM C45499), Australia, Western Australia, Yilgarn region, Lake Way borefield, bore P70, 26.650792° S 120.152298° E, leg. V. Campagna & E. Thomas, 15 August 2010, oeLN0736 .

One damaged male in alcohol ( WAM C45504), Australia, Western Australia, Yilgarn region, Lake Way borefield, bore LakeOES41, 26.704722° S 120.338611° E, leg. V. Campagna & E. Thomas, 16 August 2010, oeLN0724. One male and one copepodid in alcohol ( WAM C45368), Australia, Western Australia, Yilgarn region , Lake Way borefield, bore SB26-1, 26.888636° S 120.132299° E, leg. V. Campagna & E. Thomas, 20 November 2009, oeLN0367 .

Description. Male (based on holotype and two paratypes). Total body length, measured from tip of rostrum to posterior margin of caudal rami (excluding caudal setae), from 397 to 402 µm (400 µm in holotype). Preserved specimens colourless. Nauplius eye absent. Body composed of prosome (consisting of cephalothorax and three free pedigerous somites; first pedigerous somite fused to cephalothorax), and urosome (consisting of fifth pedigerous somite, genital somite, four abdominal somites, and caudal rami). Habitus ( Fig. 1A ) cylindrical and very slender, without any demarcation between prosome and urosome; prosome/urosome ratio 0.8; greatest width from dorsal view at posterior end of cephalothorax. Body length/width ratio about eight; cephalothorax 1.15 times as wide as genital somite. Free pedigerous somites without any lateral or dorsal expansions, all connected by well-developed arthrodial membranes. Hyaline fringes of all somites smooth, very narrow and hard to distinguish from arthroidal membranes, especially dorsally, except in preanal somite (fifth urosomite) where hyaline fringe more pronounced. Integument relatively weakly sclerotized, without cuticular pits, but ornamented with several rows of minute spinules on all urosomites (especially dorsally) and some additional larger spinules on fourth and fifth (preanal) urosomites ventrally, as well as large sensilla on all somites except preanal one; cephalothorax with clearly visible ( Fig. 1A ) double dorsal cuticular window (smaller window with thinner integument inside bigger one) posteriorly; fourth and fifth urosomites each with pair of lateral circular windows. Pleural areas of cephalothorax and free pedigerous somites not well developed, cephalic appendages and coxae of swimming legs clearly exposed in lateral view (not covered by pleuras). Rostrum ( Fig. 1A ) small, membraneous, not demarcated at base, linguiform, almost reaching distal margin of first antennular segment, about as long as wide ornamented with two large dorsal sensilla; area around rostrum with much thinner cuticle, clearly demarcated dorsally, without any surface ornamentation.

Cephalothorax ( Fig. 1A ) about 1.6 times as long as wide in dorsal view; representing almost 20% of total body length. Surface of cephalic shield with 10 large sensilla in posterior half (posterior to cuticular window, corresponding to fused first pedigerous somite; six dorsal and two lateral on each side), and 16 sensilla in anterior half (six dorsal, two lateral on each side, and three on each side near ventral margin of pleuras); single cuticular pore laterally on each side of anterior half.

Tergites and pleuras of second and third pedigerous somites ( Fig. 1A ) with two pairs of dorsal sensilla (pair at 2/3 more widely spaced than posterior pair), one pair of dorso-lateral posterior sensilla, and one pair of lateral sensilla (one sensillum on each side); anterior pair of dorsal sensilla more widely spaced on third pedigerous somite. Fourth pedigerous somite with sensilla only on posterior margin, six in total; with two additional dorsal rows of minute spinules.

Fifth pedigerous somite ( Fig. 1A ) with three pairs of sensilla on posterior margin (one dorsal, one dorso-lateral, and one ventro-lateral), pair of very small cuticular pores in anterior part ventro-laterally, at base of fifth legs, and two dorsal rows of minute spinules.

Genital somite ( Fig. 1A ) with three pairs of sensilla on posterior margin (one dorsal, one dorso-lateral, and one ventro-lateral), one pair of very small cuticular pores in anterior part ventro-laterally, and four dorsal rows of minute spinules; about 1.3 times as wide as long, with single, large, completely formed and longitudinally placed spermatophore visible inside; spermatophore about 1.2 times as long as genital somite and placed more on right side. Third and fourth urosomites ( Fig. 1A ) also with six posterior sensilla (two dorsal, two ventral, and one lateral on each side), several rows of minute spinules dorsally, and few shorter rows of minute spinules ventrally and laterally. Fourth urosomite with four additional groups of 3-4 large spinules midventrally. Similar spinules on fifth (preanal) urosomite, but no sensilla or pores.

Anal somite ( Figs. 1A , 2A ) with pair of large dorsal sensilla at base of anal operculum, pair of large cuticular pores laterally (one pore on each side) in anterior half, two pairs of minute cuticular pores laterally closer to posterior margin, and pair of slightly larger cuticular pores ventrally, at base of caudal rami, in addition to several short rows of minute spinules dorsally and laterally. Anal operculum ( Figs. 1A , 2A ) well-developed, outer surface unornamented,, row of spinules on inner surface, convex and smooth distal margin, not reaching posterior end of anal somite, representing 66% of somite's width. Anal sinus widely opened, with two diagonal rows of slender spinules on ventral side and transverse row of spinules on dorsal side (below anal operculum).

Caudal rami ( Figs. 1A, B , 2A ) about 2.9 times as long as greatest width (dorsal view) and 0.6 times as long as anal somite, nearly cylindrical but slightly inflated at midlength (arrowed in Figs 1B , 2A ), with inner margin slightly convex in dorsal view and base about as wide as rest of ramus; rami nearly parallel, with space between them almost 1.7 times one ramus’ width; with seven armature elements (three lateral, one dorsal, and three apical). Dorsal distal margin protruding in lateral view ( Fig. 1B ) and with characteristic dorsal posterior saddle in lateral view. Ornamentation consists of large cuticular pore ventro-laterally close to posterior margin (between two principal apical setae), and row of spinules along posterior margin ventro-medially. Dorsal seta slender and smooth, inserted somewhat closer to inner margin at about midlength, almost 1.4 times as long as caudal ramus, triarticulate basally, and sparsely pinnate distally. Lateral setae thin and smooth, inserted close to each other (two proximal and one distal) in one depression at 3/5 of ramus’ length; proximal seta close to dorsal surface strongest and longest, about 0.7 times as long as ramus, 1.7 times as long as proximal seta closer to ventral side, and about 1.3 times as long as distal lateral seta. Inner apical seta smooth and slender, inserted closer to ventral side, about 0.7 times as long as ramus. Middle apical seta strongest, inserted distally, without breaking plane, smooth, with strongly curled tip, about 2.6 times as long as outer apical seta and 0.35 times as long as whole body. Outer apical seta strong and without breaking plane, unipinnate distally and inserted closer to ventral side, about twice as long as ramus.

Antennula ( Fig. 1A, C ) slightly longer than cephalothorax, prehensile and strongly digeniculate, unornamented, seven-segmented but third and fourth segments somewhat subdivided with surface sutures on inner and ventral sides. First segment very short, second segment longest. Geniculation between third and fourth and between fifth and sixth segments. Distal anterior corner of sixth segment protruding as large, apically bifid, spiniform process; a second smaller spiniform process present basally on fourth segment, two processes making powerful pincers. Broad aesthetasc on fourth segment reaching slightly beyond tip of appendage, fused basally to slightly longer seta. Slightly shorter and much more slender apical aesthetasc on seventh segment, fused basally to two setae. Setal formula: 0.6.5.6.0.1.9. All setae slender and almost all with pore on tip; proximalmost seta on second segment uniplumose distally, all other setae smooth. Seta on sixth segment minute and partly hidden behind spiniform process. Largest seta on second segment, one seta on third segment, and four setae on seventh segment biarticulate basally, but some other setae showing some trace of ancestral biarticulation.

Antenna ( Fig. 1D ) relatively stout and long, composed of coxa, allobasis, one-segmented endopod, and onesegmented exopod. Coxa very short, unarmed and unornamented. Allobasis about 3.6 times as long as wide, unarmed, ornamented with single short, transverse row of minute spinules on anterior surface. Endopod about 3.1 times as long as wide, with surface frill subdistally, ornamented with few large spinules along anterior surface, armed laterally with two bipinnate spines (proximal somewhat shorter) and apically with five strong and unipinnate elements (two geniculate). Exopod minute, cylindrical, about 2.6 times as long as wide, unornamented, armed with single unipinnate apical seta, which about 2.6 times as long as segment.

Labrum strong and large, with convex and smooth anterior surface, and narrow cutting edge; cutting edge ornamented apically with row of slender and apically bifid spinules, and with some stronger, simple spinules on outer corners; posterior surface with many rows of minute slender spinules.

Paragnaths fused into strong plate, densely ornamented with short spinules near distal margin and on anterior surface; posterior surface ornamented with one transverse row of eight long spinules and two diagonal rows of five or six smaller spinules; lateral surface smooth except for large cuticular pore proximally.

Mandibula ( Fig. 1F, G ) with narrow cutting edge on elongated coxa, which positioned between labrum and paragnaths, armed with tricuspidate complex tooth ventrally, unipinnate seta dorsally, and several smaller teeth and/or spinules in between. Palp one-segmented, cylindrical, about three times as long as wide, unornamented, and armed apically with two smooth and subequal setae, each with pore on tip.

Maxillula ( Fig. 1G, H ) with relatively small praecoxa, arthrite rectangular, about 1.5 times as long as wide from lateral view, unornamented, armed with four apical elements (probably three spines and one strong seta; spines each with tuft of basally fused spinules at distal end, forming little scoops; seta with pore on tip). Coxal endite slightly shorter than praecoxal arthrite, armed with two slender setae apically, both with pore on tip; dorsal seta unipinate along dorsal surface (although hardly visible), other setae smooth. Basis slightly longer than coxal endite, armed with one subapical minute seta (or perhaps tubular pore?) and two long smooth apical setae of about same length; all three elements with pore on tip. Endopod and exopod absent (fused to basis without trace).

Maxilla ( Fig. 1I ) composed of syncoxa, basis, and one-segmented endopod; ornamented only with large cuticular pore on syncoxal posterior surface proximally, with closely shut and horizontally placed opening. Syncoxa with two endites; proximal one conical and bent dorsally, armed apically with single distally unipinnate seta; distal endite longer than proximal one, cylindrical, armed apically with two smooth setae with pore on tip. Basis drawn out into strong claw, without seta at base, with tuft of basally fused spinules distally, forming small scoop, and single pore on ventral surface close to base of scoop (pore not visible with light microscope and in anterior view). Endopod represented by minute but distinct segment, armed with two smooth subequal apical setae, both with pore on tip.

Maxilliped ( Fig. 1J ) three-segmented, composed of syncoxa, basis, and one-segmented endopod. Syncoxa short, unarmed and unornamented. Basis slender, almost four times as long as wide and 3.4 times as long as syncoxa, unornamented and unarmed. Endopod represented by short curved claw, about 0.8 times as long as basis, swollen at base as indication of ancestral one-segmented endopod, ornamented with row of long and slender spinules along concave side distally.

First swimming leg ( Fig. 2B ) with small, trapezoidal and smooth intercoxal sclerite with distal margin slightly concave. Leg composed of praecoxa, coxa, basis, three-segmented exopod and two-segmented endopod. Praecoxa triangular, unarmed, ornamented with diagonal row of minute spinules on both anterior and posterior surfaces. Coxa large, quadriform, unarmed, ornamented with several short rows of minute spinules on anterior and posterior surfaces. Basis smaller than coxa, more or less pentagonal, armed with single slender seta on outer margin, ornamented with few large spinules along inner margin at midlength, transverse row of minute spinules at base of outer seta, and few minute spinules along distal margin on anterior surface, between exopod and endopod. Exopod armed with one outer spine on first segment and four elements on third segment (two outer spines and two apical geniculate setae); ornamented with few large spinules along outer margin on all segments; inner distal corners of first and second segments smooth (no frills). Endopod slightly longer than exopod; first segment reaching slightly beyond distal margin of second exopodal segment, about 3.4 times as long as wide, unarmed, ornamented with two short rows of large spinules along outer margin and one long on inner margin; second segment armed apically with long geniculate seta and much shorter spine; geniculate seta 1.7 times as long as entire endopod and 1.2 times as long as larger geniculate exopodal seta.. All armature elements on ultimate endopodal and exopodal segments strongly unipinnate along outer concave margin.

Second swimming leg ( Fig. 2C ) with smooth and large intercoxal sclerite, which more than twice as wide as long, quadriform, with concave distal margin. Leg composed of praecoxa, coxa, basis, three-segmented exopod, and one-segmented endopod. Praecoxa, coxa, and basis unarmed, with integument of different thickness forming distinct plates; praecoxa and coxa unornamented; basis with several minute spinules on outer margin. Exopod slightly curved inwards, ornamented with large spinules along outer margin, and with distal inner hyaline frills on each segment; first segment armed with single outer spine; second segment unarmed; third segment armed with three long elements (probably outer spine and two apical setae), innermost one about 1.4 times as long as exopod; all exopodal armature bipinnate. Endopod one-segmented, cylindrical and slender, about seven times as long as wide, reaching 2/3 of first exopodal segment in length, ornamented with several small spinules along apical margin; armed apically with one smooth seta, about 0.7 times as long as segment, slightly curved inwards.

Third swimming leg ( Fig. 2D, G, H ) with smooth praecoxa, coxa, and intercoxal sclerite. Intercoxal sclerite large, trapezoidal, unornamented, and with slightly concave distal margin. Praecoxa larger than in second leg. Basis robust, armed with long, slender, smooth outer seta, ornamented with short longitudinal row of small spinules along inner margin at base of endopod, and several spinules on posterior surface proximally. Endopod minute but distinct segment (probably with fused apical armature element), about four as long as largest spinules on inner margin, unornamented; similar to smooth minute seta. Exopod with both segments fused; ancestral proximal segment curved, about 5.7 times as long as wide, with fairly smooth and slightly concave inner margin, ornamented with one longitudinal row of spinules along outer margin distally, armed subapically with strong, smooth and curved element (thumb), 1.5 times as long as apophysis, with distal part curved inwards, and middle part with distinct inner hump; ancestral distal segment (apophysis) short, slightly curved and inflated distally, bifid apically (arrowed in Fig. 2D ), slightly curved outward, unornamented and unarmed; apophysis and thumb forming complex threedimensional structure.

Fourth swimming leg ( Fig. 2E ) with smooth praecoxa, coxa, and intercoxal sclerite. Intercoxal sclerite smaller than in second or third legs, and with more deeply concave distal margin. Praecoxa relatively large, while coxa smaller than in second or third leg. Basis large, semicircular, armed with slender and smooth outer seta, ornamented with five large spinules at base of endopod, and several minute spinules along outer margin. Exopod curved inwards, three-segmented, ornamented with few large spinules along outer margin on all segments, and with distal inner hyaline frills; first segment with slightly concave inner margin, armed with outer spine; second segment unarmed; third segment armed with outer spine and very long and strong apical seta 1.4 times as long as entire exopod and four times as long as outer spine. Endopod one-segmented, about 0.6 times as long as first exopodal segment, claw-like, curved inwards, armed with single unipinnate apical element, fused basally to segment and ornamented with row of small spinules along outer margin.

Fifth leg ( Fig. 2F ) triangular cuticular plate, with inner-distal corner produced into long and curved spiniform process, ornamented with large cuticular pore on anterior surface basally, and another pore near tip of spiniform process that opens also on anterior surface; armed with four smooth setae along outer margin; outermost seta (probably ancestral basal) longest, reaching beyond tip of appendage, twice as long as second and third seta from outer side and nearly five times as long as innermost seta. Third seta inserted more on anterior surface, while other three setae inserted on outer margin. Fifth legs distinct at base, with very small space between them, with distal tips pointing outwards.

Sixth legs very disproportionate in size, right one almost completely reduced, left one enlarged, forming single, smooth, large operculum covering gonopore, which represents 60% of genital somite’s width; no ornamentation or armature.

Female (based on allotype and several paratypes). Body length, excluding caudal setae, from 396 to 404 µm (400 µm in allotype). Habitus ( Fig. 3A ), ornamentation of prosomites, pigmentation, and nauplius eye similar to those in male, except genital and first abdominal somite fused into double-somite and middle part of body slightly less slender. Prosome/urosome ratio 0.85; greatest body width in dorsal view hard to establish; body length/width ratio 8.17; cephalothorax as wide as genital double-somite.

Genital double-somite ( Fig. 3A, B, C ) about as long as wide, without any trace of subdivision except for pair of ancestral dorso-lateral sensilla at middle; additionally ornamented with six posterior sensilla (two dorsal, two ventral, and two lateral), and one dorso-lateral row of minute spinules. Genital complex ( Figs 3B, C , 4C ) occupying anterior ventral half of genital double-somite; single genital aperture covered by fused vestigial sixth legs; median copulatory pore located medially at 2/5 of double-somite length and also covered by sixth legs; seminal receptacles small, hard to distinguish from internal tissue and gut content; copulatory duct very short and weakly sclerotized; allotype female with single attached spermatophore ( Fig. 3B, C ), its neck inserted between and under sixth legs and heavily cemented over best part of sixth legs.

Third, fourth (preanal), and fifth (anal) urosomites similar to those in male ( Fig. 3B, C ), also with four groups of large spinules ventrally on third and fourth urosomites (arrowed in Fig. 3C ).

Caudal rami ( Figs 3A, B, C ) similar to those in male but slightly shorter in proportion to anal somite and slightly wider at middle from lateral view (arrowed in Fig. 3B ); ornamentation and armature similar to those in male, except that smallest lateral seta even smaller and main apical seta unipinnate.

Antennula ( Figs. 3D , 4D ) seven-segmented, unornamented, slightly shorter than cephalothorax, with broad aesthetasc on fourth segment almost reaching tip of appendage, and more slender apical aesthetasc on seventh segment, fused basally to two apical setae; both aesthetascs more slender than in male; setal formula: 0.4.5.2.1.1.8. Only largest seta on second segment uniplumose, all other setae smooth and most of them with pore on tip. Largest seta on second segment and four setae on seventh segment biarticulated basally. Seta on sixth segment inserted apically and leaning against seventh segment for its entire length, so very hard to observe without SEM ( Fig. 4D ). Length ratio of antennular segments, from proximal end, 1: 2.8: 1.4: 1: 0.8: 0.8: 1.5.

Antenna ( Fig. 4A ), labrum ( Fig. 4A ), paragnaths ( Fig. 4B ), mandibula ( Fig. 4A ), maxillula ( Fig. 4B ), maxilla ( Fig. 4A, B ), maxilliped ( Fig. 4A ), first swimming leg ( Fig. 4A ), second swimming leg ( Fig. 2I ), and exopod of fourth swimming leg very similar to those of male. Endopod of second swimming leg ( Fig. 2I ) only slightly shorter than in male.

Third swimming leg ( Fig. 2J ) with smaller intercoxal sclerite than in male, smooth and with concave distal margin. Leg composed of praecoxa, coxa, basis, two-segmented exopod and one-segmented endopod. Praecoxa large, unarmed, ornamented with few minute spinules. Coxa similar in size to male and also unarmed, but ornamented with several rows of minute spinules. Basis armed with very long and smooth outer seta, about as long as first exopodal segment, ornamented with row of large spinules near outer margin. Exopod ornamented with large spinules along outer margin, and both segments with distal inner hyaline frills; first segment with single outer spine; second with outer spine and apical strong seta; all elements bipinnate. Endopod one-segmented, small, hardly reaching 3/5 of first exopodal segment in length, straight and spiniform, armed apically with single element, fused basally to segment and unipinnate along inner margin.

Fourth swimming leg without spiniform processes on basis. Endopod ( Fig. 2K ) one-segmented, cylindrical, about five times as long as wide and half as long as first exopodal segment, with single apical slender and bipinnate seta with four spinules at base of apical seta.Fifth leg ( Figs 3B, C , 4C ) very similar to that of male, but slightly more elongated, with narrower distal part; armature and ornamentation as in male.

Sixth legs ( Fig. 4C ) vestigial, fused into simple bilobate cuticular plate, covering gonopore, unornamented and unarmed; outer distal corners produced into sharp processes.

Etymology. The species name comes from its type locality (Lake Way), but should be treated as comprising an arbitrary combination of letters that can be treated as a Latin word and may be conceived as a noun in apposition to the generic name.

Variability. Body length of males ranges from 397 to 402 µm (399 µm average; n = 5), while in females it ranges from 396 to 404 µm (400 µm average; n = 8). The shape of the apophysis of the third leg in male varies slightly depending on the angle of observation ( Fig. 2D, G, H ), because it is a complex tridimensional structure, but it is actually quite constant. The number and exact position of minute spinules on urosomites varies slightly, but the number and position of larger spinules is constant ( Fig. 3C ).

Remarks. This species differs from all other eight Australian congeners by the shape of the caudal rami, which are short, widely spaced, and with a characteristic dorsal posterior saddle in lateral view (arrowed in Fig. 3B ). Another unique character of K. lakewayi sp. nov. are the large spinules on the penultimate (preanal) somite (arrowed in Fig. 3C ), which are also not reported for any other member of the genus. Kinnecaris lakewayi seems to be most similar to K. barrambie sp. nov. (see below), with which it shares four ventral rows of large spinules on the fourth urosomite (third in female) (arrowed in Fig. 3C ), relatively similar caudal rami shape, and presence of posterior spinules on the caudal rami ventrally, although some of these may be plesiomorphic character states, and if so not indicative of a close phylogenetic relationship. They differ chiefly in the ornamentation of the genital doublesomite (arrowed in Fig. 6C ), preanal somite (arrowed in Fig. 6B ), and proportions of the caudal rami (arrowed in Figs 1B , 2A , 6C ). The only other Australian Kinnecaris with posterior spinules on the caudal rami is K. linesae sp. nov. (see below), but this species differs from K. lakewayi by a number of characters, including smooth cuticule, absence of any urosomal spinules in female, heavier ornamentation of the fourth leg basis and exopod in male, as well as a different shape of the third leg apophysis in male. Finally, we should mention generally similar caudal rami shape in K. eberhardi ( Karanovic, 2005) , a species that lives nearly 800 km SSW from any other Australian congener, in the Margaret River area, although the caudal rami have an inflated look in this species and are shorter in proportion to the anal somite. The two species, however, differ in many characters and the general similarity in the caudal rami shape almost certainly indicates that this is a plesiomorphic character (or a group of characters). Another support for this hypothesis is that relatively similar caudal rami (although more slender) can be found in the Madagascan K. forficulata ( Chappuis, 1952) and K. madagascarensis ( Chappuis, 1952) , and even to some extent in the Indian K. godavari Ranga Reddy & Schminke (2009) and Papua New Guinean K. giselae Schminke, 2008 , although all these species differ from K. lakewayi in many other morphological characters (see Chappuis 1952; Schminke 2008; Ranga Reddy & Schminke 2009).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Kinnecaris lakewayi sp. nov., holotype male: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, right caudal ramus, lateral view; C, antennula, antero-dorsal view; D, antenna, outer view; E, mandibula, ventral view; F, mandibula, anterior view; G, maxillula, anterior view; H, maxillula, squashed from ventral side; I, maxilla, anterior view; J, maxilliped, anterior view. Arrow pointing short and inflated caudal rami in lateral view.

FIGURE 2. Kinnecaris lakewayi sp. nov., A–F, holotype male; G & H, paratype male; I-K, allotype female: A, anal somite and caudal rami, dorsal view; B, first swimming leg, anterior view; C, second swimming leg, anterior view; D, third swimming leg, posterior view; E, fourth swimming leg, anterior view; F, fifth leg, anterior view; G & H, distal part of third swimming leg, posterior view; I, endopod of second swimming leg, anterior view; J, third swimming leg, anterior view; K, endopod of fourth swimming leg, anterior view. Arrows pointing characteristic shapes of caudal rami (A) and apophysis of third swimming leg (D).

FIGURE 3. Kinnecaris lakewayi sp. nov., allotype female: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, urosome, lateral view; C, urosome, ventral view; D, antennula, antero-dorsal view. Arrows pointing characteristic shape of caudal rami in lateral view (B) and additional rows of large spinules on urosome (C).

FIGURE 4. Kinnecaris lakewayi sp. nov., SEM photographs, paratype female: A, cephalothorax, ventral view; B, distal part of mouth appendages and labrum, ventral view; C, fifth legs and genital double-somite, ventral view; D, distal part of antennula, ventral view.

FIGURE 6. Kinnecaris barrambie sp. nov., paratype female from bore B14M: A, habitus, dorsal view; B, urosome, ventral view; C, urosome, lateral view; D, distal part of antennula, ventral view; E, exopod of antenna, outer view; F, mandibular palp, posterior view; G, endopod of second swimming leg, posterior view; H, second exopodal segment of third swimming leg, posterior view; I, endopod of third swimming leg, posterior view; J, endopod of fourth swimming leg, anterior view; K, sixth leg, ventro-lateral view. Inset showing cuticular pits and fine ornamentation of urosome. Arrows pointing major morphological differences from other species.