Incisus angulata ( Bell, 1937 )

Lemes, José Ricardo Assmann, Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins & Warren, Andrew David, 2024, Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical skipper genus Incisus Grishin, 2019 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Pyrginae), with the description of a new species, Zootaxa 5437 (1), pp. 64-86 : 70

Incisus angulata ( Bell, 1937)

( Figs 1 , 2A–C , 3A–D , 4A–D , 5A , 6 )

Pholisora (?) angulata Bell, 1937 . Amer. Mus. Novit. 914: 15, fig. 14 (male gen.); holotype male, Sul de Minas , Brazil; AMNH.—J. Zikán & W. Zikán, 1968. Pesq. agropec. bras. 3: 62.

Staphylus angulatus [sic]; Ebert, 1969. Jour. Lep. Soc. 23, Suppl. 3: 39.—Steinhauser, 1989. Bull. Allyn Mus. 127: 42; syn.: fasciatus .

(no genus) angulata ; Beattie, 1976. Rhop. Direct., p. 78.

Staphylus angulata ; Bridges, 1994. Cat. Fam.-Group, Gen.-Group, Sp. Group Nam. Hesp. (Lep.) World 8, p. 14; 9, p. 64.

Incisus angulata ; Cong et al., 2019. Insecta Mundi 731: 11.

Taxonomic history. Bell (1937) described Pholisora (?) angulata , which was later treated as Staphylus angulata by some authors. Evans (1953) synonymized Pholisora (?) angulata Bell, 1937 with Staphylus fasciatus Hayward, 1933 , a decision followed by most other authors that mentioned this species in taxonomic comments, faunistic studies and catalogs. Cong et al. (2019) revalidated the species status of Pholisora (?) angulata and made a new combination in Incisus Grishin, 2019 .

Types. Pholisora (?) angulata Bell, 1937 was described based on the holotype male ( Figs 2A–C ) from south of Minas [Gerais] and two male paratypes from Itatiaya [sic] [Rio de Janeiro] and Maromba [Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro], all from Brazil. The type series is deposited in the AMNH, and the holotype carries the following labels: / Sul de Minas Brazil [Fab.]/ Type [red label]/ I5/ Pholisora angulata Bell Holotype ♂ /.

Diagnosis. Males of I. angulata are similar to I. incisus but can usually be distinguished by the presence of three hyaline spots in the apical area of the FW (3A–B). The ampulla is triangular-shaped bending down over the harpe ( Fig. 4B ). Typically, the females of I. angulata have transverse bands on the dorsal wings less distinct than I. incisus ( Fig. 3C–D, K–N ). The lamella postvaginalis is convex on ventral center surface ( Fig. 5A ).

Description. Male ( Fig. 3A–B ) — FW length: 14 mm to 16 mm. DFW: Presence of one hyaline spot in the distal part of the cell, and three hyaline spots in the apical area. VHW: Presence of cream-white scales more abundant near the marginal area. HW length: 10 mm to 11 mm. Genitalia ( Fig. 4A–D ): Proximal region of uncus broad and triangular, distal region tubular and thinner. Valva length twice the width, with distal portion concave; sacculus about three times longer than wide; harpe broad; ampulla broad, with distal portion triangular bending downwards over the inner surface of the harpe and with a distal ovoid process with micotrichia. Aedeagus with a spined cornutus. Female ( Fig. 3C–D )—Differ from the males as follows: FW length: 13 mm to 15 mm. HW length: 10 mm to 13 mm. Genitalia ( Fig. 5A ): Lamella antivaginalis in lateral view somewhat quadrate with a horn expansion. Lamella postvaginalis distally convex, with central area almost as long as wide. Distal third of ductus bursae not enlarged, with a small signum in the bursa copulatrix.

Distribution ( Fig. 6 ). Brazil: Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.

Temporal distribution. Incisus angulata has been collected in the hottest seasons of the year, not in winter months. Months of occurrence: January–May, September, November–December.

Hostplants. No records.

Etymology. Although Bell (1937) did not provide an etymology for the name, it is obviously a Latin feminine adjective, meaning ‘angled’ or ‘angular’, possibly referring to the concave FW inner margin, characteristic of Incisus species that gives the appearance of a distinct inner angle of the wing.

Remarks. Cong et al. (2019) considered Incisus angulata ( Bell, 1937) as a valid species-level taxon without any comment, overlooking the historical context in which the name had previously been considered as a synonym of Incisus fasciatus ( Hayward, 1933) .

Examined material. BRAZIL: Minas Gerais — Barbacena, 1100 m, 7.XII.1952, 1♂, H. Ebert leg., ex H. Ebert Collection, DZ 46.956 ( DZUP) ; Camanducaia, Monte Verde , 1600 m, 18–21.III.1981, 1♂, 1♀, Ebert leg., ex H. Ebert Collection, DZ 46.525*, DZ 46.523 ( DZUP) ; Conceição dos Ouros, III.2017, IV.2017, 2♂, Pereira leg., OM 83.597 , OM 83.262 ( OM) ; Delfim Moreira, 15 Km SE , 1500–1700 m, 22–23.I.2004, 1♂, 1♀, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 46.346*, DZ 46.347 ( DZUP) ; Passa Quatro, Fazenda São Bento , 1500 m, 13.II.1984, 1♂, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 46.349* ( DZUP) ; Virgínia, Fazenda dos Campos , 1500 m, 13–15.II.2010, 1♂, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 46.339* ( DZUP) . Espírito Santo — Aracruz, Santa Cruz, Forest Area , 8–10.III.1973, 3♂, 3♀, Callaghan leg., A. C. Allyn Acc. 1973-24, MGCL 1043756 , MGCL 1043736 ( MGCL) ; Domingos Martins, Pedra Azul , 1200 m, 28.I.2003, 1♂, Mielke & Casagrande leg., OM 59.427 ( OM) . Rio de Janeiro — Itatiaia, Parque Nacional de Itatiaia , 1000–1400 m, 20.XII.1957, 2♂, 1♀, H. Ebert leg., ex H. Ebert Collection, DZ 46.289, DZ 46.738, DZ 46.739 ( DZUP) , 25–30.VII.1961, 1♂, H. Ebert leg., ex H. Ebert Collection, DZ 46.742 ( DZUP) , 12.IV.1966, 1♂, H. Ebert leg., ex H. Ebert Collection, DZ 46.743 ( DZUP) , 3.XI.1968, 1♂, H. Ebert leg., ex H. Ebert Collection, DZ 46.740 ( DZUP) , II.1960, 1♂, H. Ebert leg., ex H. Ebert Collection, DZ 46.741 ( DZUP) , 4.XII.1968, 2♂, H. Ebert leg., ex H. Ebert Collection, DZ 46.736, DZ 46.737 ( DZUP) ; 1100–1700 m, 15.VII.1962, 1♂, Mielke leg., OM 4.486 ( OM) , 7.IX.1964, 1♀, H. Ebert leg., ex H. Ebert Collection, DZ 46.287 ( DZUP) , 15.I.1967, 1♂, Mielke leg., DZ 46.285* ( DZUP) , 15.V .1967 , 1♂, Ebert leg., ex H. Ebert Collection, DZ 46.294* (DZUP), 3.XI.1968, 1♂, H. Ebert leg., ex H. Ebert Collection, DZ 46.295* ( DZUP) , 21.I.1969, 1♂, 1♀, Mielke & Brown leg., DZ 46.284, DZ 861* ( DZUP) , 8.I.1972, 1♀, Mielke leg., DZ 46.293 ( DZUP) , 12.I.1973, 1♂, 2♀, Mielke leg., DZ 46.278*, DZ 46.281*, DZ 46.282* ( DZUP) ; Paraty, Serra de Bocaina , 1300–1400 m, 11.I.1975, 2♂, 1♀, C. Callaghan, Allyn Museum Acc. 1975-7 C. Callaghan, Allyn Museum Acc. 1975-1 C. Callaghan, ( MGCL); 2.I.1976, 7♂, 3♀, C. Callaghan leg., Allyn Museum Acc. 1976-1 C. Callaghan, 1♂ Gen. Prep. Lemes 2021-63* ( MGCL) . São Paulo — Bananal, Serra da Bocaina , 8.I.1937, 4♂, Travassos leg., ex Coll. D’Almeida, DZ 46.233, DZ 46.234, DZ 46.235*, DZ 46.236 ( DZUP) ; Campos do Jordão, 1600–2000 m, 8–12.II.1982, 2♂, 1♀, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 46.503*, DZ 46.506*, DZ 46.507 ( DZUP) ; Piquete, Barreira de Piquete , 1400–1600 m, 15.II.1984, 1♂, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 46.246 ( DZUP) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Relationships of species of Incisus Grishin, 2019 and other species of Carcharodini based on COI sequences obtained by Maximum likelihood inferred with IQTREE. The blue rectangle represents the genus Incisus. The type species of different genera used in the analysis are bold highlighted. The new species is red highlighted. Support values were considered sufficient when SH-aLRT ≥ 80, aBayes ≥ 0.5 and UFBoot ≥ 95.

FIGURE 2. Types of Incisus. A–C. Male holotype of Pholisora angulata Bell, 1937 (AMNH): (A) dorsal view, (B) ventral view, (C) labels. D–F. Male holotype of Staphylus fasciatus Hayward, 1933 (MLP): (D) dorsal view, (E) ventral view, (F) labels. G–I. Male lectotype herein designated of Antigonus incisus Mabille, 1878 and neotype herein designated of Nisoniades aterea Plötz, 1884 (NHMUK): (G) dorsal view, (H) ventral view, (I) labels. J–L. Female paralectotype herein designated of Antigonus incisus Mabille, 1878 (NHMUK): (J) dorsal view, (K) ventral view, (L) labels. M. Illustration of the male genitalia of Staphylus ordinarius Hayward, 1933 (Hayward, 1934). Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURE 3. Species of Incisus in dorsal and ventral views. A–D. I. angulata (Bell, 1937): (A–B) male (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Conceição dos Ouros, OM 83.262), (C–D) female (Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Resende, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, DZ 46.281). E–H. I. fasciatus (Hayward, 1933): (E–F) male [neotype of Staphylus ordinarius Hayward, 1933] (Argentina, Salta, Aguas Blancas, DZ 46.164), (G–H) female (Argentina, Jujuy, Calilegua, MGCL 1092134). I–N. Incisus incisus (Mabille, 1878): (I–J) male (Brazil, São Paulo, Campos do Jordão, DZ 46.504), (K–L) female (Brazil, Santa Catarina, São Bento do Sul, Rio Vermelho, DZ 46.454), (M–N) female (Brazil, Paraná, Foz do Iguaçu, Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, DZ 46.495). O–R. I. mineirus sp. nov.: (O–P) male holotype (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Corinto, DZ 46.940), (Q–R) female allotype (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Corinto, DZ 46.947). Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURE 4. Male genitalia of Incisus species in lateral, internal, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. A–D. Incisus angulata (Bell, 1937) (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Virgínia, Fazenda dos Campos, DZ 46.339). E–H. Incisus fasciatus (Hayward, 1933) (Brazil, Paraná, Guaíra, Parque Nacional de Sete Quedas, DZ 44.840). I–L. Incisus incisus (Mabille, 1878) (Brazil, Santa Catarina, Joinville, DZ 46.353). M–P. I. mineirus sp. nov. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, São Francisco, DZ 46.559). Scale bar = 500 µm.

FIGURE 5. Female genitalia of Incisus species, in ventral view. A. Incisus angulata (Bell, 1937) (Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, DZ 42.282). B. Incisus fasciatus (Hayward, 1933) (Argentina, Jujuy, Calilegua, RT. 83— 7.5km W of Rt 34, MGCL 1092134). C. Incisus incisus (Mabille, 1878) (Brazil, Paraná, Fênix, DZ 46.474). D. Incisus mineirus sp. nov. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Corinto, DZ 46.942). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Distribution of Incisus species. The divisions of Brazilian states are represented. Solid circles represent collections studied records and open circles represent literature records of Incisus incisus.