Hypotyphlus pandellei (Saulcy, 1867)

Serrano, Artur R. M. & Aguiar, Carlos A. S., 2004, A Remarkable New Endogean Species of the Genus Hypotyphlus Jeannel (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Portugal, The Coleopterists Bulletin 58 (1), pp. 111-117 : 112-116

The pandellei species Group

Diagnosis. Accordingly to Jeannel (1937, 1963) adults of the species of the genus Hypotyphlus are included in two different groups recognized by the following combination of characters: pandellei Group—a) elytra with humeral angles wellmarked, basal margin more or less perpendicular to the median line, and b) apex of elytra atrophied, with lateral margins in apical third more or less sinuated near the 7th and 8th umbilical setae; aubei Group—a) elytra with humeral angles largely rounded, not well-marked, basal margin not perpendicular to the median line, and b) apex of elytra rounded, without any sinuation near the 7th and 8th umbilical setae. However, taking into account these features, we conclude that some species previously included in the former Group did not conform with the second condition [ H. ribagorzanus (Bolivar) , H. sotilloi Español ]. On the other hand, two species recently included in the genus Hypotyphlus [ H. guadarramus (Ehlers) and H. huetei Ortuño ] present a combination of characters of the overlapping both Groups (elytra with humeral angles largely rounded, not well-marked, basal margin not perpendicular to the median line— character of the aubei Group, and apex of elytra atrophied, with lateral margins in apical third more or less sinuated near the 7th and 8th umbilical setae—character of the pandellei Group). In this work we consider only the first characters of both Groups (sensu, Jeannel, op. cit.) as valid to diagnose them. Taking this into account, the species H. guadarramus and H. huetei must be included in the aubei Group. However, the geographical distribution of both Groups (see below) suggests that this division must be regarded as provisional, awaiting further studies, including molecular analysis. This conclusion is reinforced with the discovery of H. lusitanicus n. sp. in Portugal (see biogeographical considerations and relationships below).

Geographical Distribution. In accordance with the new criteria the range of the pandellei species Group includes the Pyrenean mountain (Spanish and French parts) ( Jeannel 1937, 1963; Coiffait 1958; Español 1971; Español and Comas 1984; Hernando and Fresneda 1993; Zaballos and Jeanne 1994) and the Portuguese central region. The range of the aubei species Group includes the Maritime Alps, Provence and the island of Corsica ( France), island of Sardinia ( Italy) and the Spanish Sistema Central ( Jeannel 1937, 1963; Ortuño 1997).

Key to Species

The pandellei species Group includes the following eight species: H. pandellei (Saulcy) , H. rialensis (Guillebeau) , H. ribagorzanus , H. navaricus (Coiffait) , H. sotilloi , H. andorranus Español and Comas , H. lidiae Hernando and Fresneda and H. lusitanicus n. sp. Two additional species, belonging to the aubei Group, as indicated previously, can be found in the Iberian Peninsula ( H. guadarramus and H. huetei ). All species may be distinguished using the following key:

1 Humeral angles of elytra slightly rounded and not prominent, basal margin not perpendicular to median line - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2

1 9 Humeral angles of elytra rounded and prominent, basal margin perpendicular to median line - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3

2 Margins in apical third of elytra strongly sinuated; internal sac of aedeagus with a frying-pan-shaped sclerite - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - H. guadarramus

2 9 Margins in apical third of elytra sinuated; internal sac of aedeagus with a wormshaped sclerite - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - H. huetei

3 Elytra with first discal seta present - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4

3 9 Elytra without first discal seta - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6

4 Length. 2.2 mm; margins in apical third of elytra scarcely sinuated - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5

f) male front leg (internal view).

4 9 Length 1.3–1.6 mm; margins in apical third of elytra deeply notched - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - H. lusitanicus

5 Length 2.3 mm; antennae slender; apex of median lobe in lateral aspect narrow and curved ventrally - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - H. andorranus

5 9 Length 2.8 mm; antennae less slender; apex of median lobe in lateral aspect large and curved up - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - H. pandellei

6 Lateral margins in apical third of elytra more or less rounded - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7

6 9 Lateral margins in apical third of elytra sinuated - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8

7 Length 1.0 mm; elytra with humeral region slightly denticulate, apical lobes rounded - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - H. ribagorzanus

7 9 Length 3.0 mm; elytra with humeral region strongly denticulate, apical lobes acuminate - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - H. sotilloi

8 Length 1.6–1.8 mm - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9

8 9 Length 1.0 mm; pronotum with two denticules anteriad posteriolateral angles; integument slightly microreticulate - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - H. lidiae

9 Pronotum without denticules anteriad posteriolateral seta; median lobe in lateral aspect broad; internal sac with a mushroom-shaped sclerite H. rialensis

- - - - - - - - - - - - -

9 9 Pronotum with one denticule anteriad posteriolateral seta; male genitalia unknown - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - H. navaricus

Hypotyphlus lusitanicus Serrano and Aguiar , new species ( Figs. 1–4 )

Diagnosis. Anophthalmous, body depressed, depigmented (light yellow-brown), with integument microrreticulate. Posteriolateral setae of the pronotum inserted distinctly anteriad the posteriolateral angles. Elytra short, atrophied at the apex, lateral margins in apical third deeply notched. Abdominal terga VI–VIII exposed, clearly visible dorsally ( Fig. 1e ). Male forelegs with the first tarsomere dilated. Aedeagus as in Figs. 3a, b .

Description. Length (from anterior margin of labrum to elytral apex) of holotype: 1.49 mm. Length of paratypes: 1.31–1.54 mm (males), 1.41–1.55 mm (females). Head capsule ( Fig. 1a ) slightly longer (from anterior margin of labrum) than wide (lenght: 0.32–0.40 mm, width: 0.29– 0.35 mm). Frontal sulci convergent towards vertex. Ocular cicatrices absent. Antennomeres 3–10 moniliform, antennomeres 1–11 densely setose; in length 0.74–0.83 mm (males) and 0.72–0.83 mm (females). Mouthparts with labrum transverse, anterior margin about straight. Mandibles prominent, incisor teeth sharp. Labium ventrally with mentum and submentum fused, without submental-mental suture evident ( Fig. 1c ); mentum with a trace of a median tooth; glossal sclerite narrow, surrounded by fused membranous paraglossae. Chaetotaxy ( Figs. 1a, c ): labrum dorsally with 6 setae anteriorly; two pairs of supraocular setae (anterior and posterior) present; one seta at each side of clypeus; one pair close to frontal sulcus; one pair on temples; mandibles laterally with single seta in scrobe; ventrally, maxillary stipes and palpifer each with single seta; ventrally, submentum near posterior margin with two pairs of setae, one pair laterally and one pair paramedially; mentum with two pairs of setae, one pair posteriolaterally and one pair paramedially near the anterior margin; glossal sclerite apically with one pair of setae. Pronotum ( Fig. 1b ) 1.1–1.3

b) median lobe (dorsal view).

times wider than long [length: 0.30–0.35 mm (males and females), width: 0.34–0.42 mm (males) and 0.37–0.42 mm (females)], narrowed posteriorly, lateral margins sinuate anteriad posteriolateral angles; anteriolateral angles slightly prominent, rounded; disk slightly convex, with shallow transverse sulcus extended posteriolaterally; lateral groove each side gradually widened in posterior third; base between posteriolateral angles depressed. Surface covered with scattered erect pubescence. Pronotal chaetotaxy: two pairs of lateral setae, anterior pair near broadest part of pronotum, posterior pair anteriad posteriolateral angles. Elytra ( Figs. 1d , 2 ) short, 1.4–1.5 times longer than wide [length: 0.70–0.85 mm (males) and 0.74–0.83 mm (females), width: 0.50–0.56 mm (males) and 0.50–0.59 mm (females)], leaving posterior three abdominal tergites uncovered; humeral region prominent, humeral angles rounded; lateral margins slightly serrulate from humeral region to region of umbilical seta 6th; apex in form of angular lobe, margins in apical third deeply notched; disc dorso-ventrally flattened, and the integument more distinctly microsculptured in anterior two-thirds. Pilose setae close to suture arranged in line, others more or less scattered and slightly directed posteriad. Chaetotaxy: each elytron with parascutellar seta basad, three discal setae, and one large subapical seta apically near umbilical seta 9th; umbilicate series in Scotodipnina pattern: 1st, 2nd and 3rd setae grouped in humeral region, more or less equidistant, 4th farther from 5th than from 3rd; 5th, 6th and 7th equidistant, 6th slightly displaced medially, 8th and 9th near apex; 2nd, 6th and 9th are the longest setae of umbilical series. Legs with femora inerm ( Fig. 1e ); male legs ( Fig. 1f ) with the first protarsomere dilated. Male genitalia ( Fig. 3 ) in lateral aspect ( Fig. 3a ) with median lobe arched, basal lamina constricted and markedly arcuate; median lobe in dorsal aspect ( Fig. 3b ) with left side markedly dilated, and apex rounded, to right of midline; internal sac in central area with elongate, twisted arciform sclerite ( Fig. 3a ), followed apically by some tangled membranes ( Figs. 3a, b ) more or less pigmented. Parameres ( Figs. 3a ) asymmetrical, each bisetulose apically, left paramere larger than right paramere. Female genitalia ( Fig. 4 ) with ovipositor gonocoxites in ventral aspect unguiform, distinctly sclerotized, each with two setae: broader one (ensiform) near middle of external edge, finer one (nematiform) elongate, closer to apex in internal edge. Internal genital tract with spermathecal duct short and spermatheca barrel-shaped.

Type Series. Holotype?: Portugal, Aldeia do Mato , 01.XI.2001 . Paratypes: 5 ??

and 8 //, same locality, 01.XI.2001. Holotype and paratypes are deposited in the collection of the senior author, Department of Zoology and Anthropology (Lisbon) .

Etymology. The specific epithet is a Latin noun in apposition, named for the country in which it was discovered, Portugal, but based on its other name ‘‘Lusitânia.’’

Biogeographical Considerations and Relationships. In accordance with Jeannel (1963) and the criteria followed in this work the new species should be included in the pandellei Group. Based on geographical proximity, one might expect that H. lusitanicus would be most closely related to H. guadarramus and H. huetei which occur near Madrid in the ‘‘Sistema Central’’ ( Spain) ( Novoa 1976; Ortuño 1997). But the external characteristics and the form of the male genitalia suggest a closer relationship to the geographically more remote Pyrenees-inhabiting H. ribagorzanus and H. lidiae , among others. This interesting affinity brings up the question about the presence of this new species in Portugal. Believing that the genus Hypotyphlus was confined to the lionigurian massif, Jeanne (1973) discussed the presence of H. guadarramus in ‘‘Sierra de Guadarrama,’’ speculating that this species could be either a different evolutionary line or a case of secondary migration. Thus, the taxa inhabiting the mountains remote from the lionigurian massif evidently represent two lineages, and this suggests a complex history for the pandellei species Group. The genus Hypotyphlus is considered a very old one inhabiting mainly the lionigurian massif vestiges (Jeanne, op. cit.). Therefore, the presence of a new species of this genus in the lusitanian massif, near H. guadarramus and H. huetei , confirms that it is more widespread than previously judged. A complex history carries with it the possibility of additional species of the pandellei Group being found in Portugal and/or in the western and central regions of Spain. Alternatively, if additional species are not discovered, then H. lusitanicus may be regarded as a zoogeographical relict of a lineage that at one time must have extended westward from the lionigurian massif to Portugal.

Figures

Fig. 1. Hypotyphlus lusitanicus. a) Head and part of pronotum (dorsal view); b) pronotum, posterior part of head and anterior part of elytra (dorsal view); c) head (ventral view); d) elytra and abdominal segments VI–VIII (dorsal view); e) thorax and base of abdomen (ventral view); and

Fig. 2. Hypotyphlus lusitanicus right elytron (dorsal view).

Fig. 3. Aedeagus, Hypotyphlus lusitanicus. a) Median lobe and parameres (lateral view);

Fig. 4. Hypotyphlus lusitanicus female genitalia (ventral view).