Hylonema Luc, Taylor & Cadet, 1978

Ghaderi, Reza, 2019, An outline on distribution and hosts of the cystoid nematodes of Ataloderinae Wouts, 1973 and Meloidoderinae Golden, 1971, Zootaxa 4664 (3), pp. 339-350 : 343

Hylonema Luc, Taylor & Cadet, 1978

The only species, H. ivorense Luc, Taylor & Cadet, 1978 , was recovered from roots of “avodiré” ( Turraeanthus africana Pellegr. , Meliaceae ) from a tropical rainforest reserve of the Banco National Park, near Abidjan, Ivory Coast ( Luc et al. 1978). It was also found in a forest soil sample in Ivory Coast ( Fortuner & Couturier 1983). The known range of the species was expanded after it was recovered in the Korup National Park, Cameroon ( Price & Siddiqi 1994). In one soil sample collected in a rainforest in Kribi, Cameroon, some heteroderid J2s were found with morphological characters close to those of the type population ( Sturhan 2018).

H. ivorense induces a uninucleate giant cell in roots of its type host. Histological examination of infected avodiré roots showed that each female incited production of only one giant cell, with the nucleus of each giant cell greatly enlarged, up to 200 times the volume of a normal nucleus, and each nucleus containing an enlarged nucleolus, which is itself usually larger than a healthy nucleus. No discrete cell wall was observed surrounding the giant cell ( Taylor et al. 1978). In another study, rice ( Oryza sativa L., Poaceae ) was considered as a non-host for this nematode ( Coyne et al. 1999).