Halosydna leucohyba ( Schmarda, 1861 )

Salazar-Silva, Patricia, 2013, Revision of Halosydna Kinberg, 1856 (Annelida: Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific and Grand Caribbean with descriptions of new species, Journal of Natural History 47 (17 - 18), pp. 1177-1242 : 1203-1207

Halosydna leucohyba ( Schmarda, 1861)

( Figure 13 )

Polynoe leucohyba Schmarda, 1861: 153–154 , figure 308.

Halosydna leucohyba: Webster, 1884: 309–310 , plate 7, figures 16–18, plate 8, figures 19–20; Seidler, 1924: 122–124 (Synonym); Hartman, 1944: 9; Liñero-Arana, 1993: 25, plate 6, figures 1–8.

Additional material

Caribbean: two specimens ( ZMH V 563), la Guayra, coll. Nepperschmidt, donor Nepperschmidt 26.07.1894, id. Hermann Augener in 1919. One specimen ( YPM 1369), Castle Harbor, Bermuda, on coral rock, coll. A. Verrill, Expedition of 1898. One specimen ( YPM 1155), Bermuda, coll. W. R Coe, 1903, id. Pettibone (1962). One specimen ( LACM-AHF 2390), Punta Arenas, Puerto Rico, coll. W.G. Hewatt, 11 June 1946. One specimen ( LACM-AHF POLY 2429), Dry Tortugas, Florida, USA, coll. A.L. Treadwell, June–July 1909. One specimen ( LACM AHF 2436), Guana Island, British Virgin Islands, station BVI-99-11, 18.482 ◦ N, 64.575 ◦ W, North Beach, in front of beach house, on coral rubble overgrown by compact morph of Caulerpa racemosa , Amphiroa fragilisima tufts, and Cladophora sp. , depth 2.74 m, coll. L. Harris, 25 July 1999, LH99-088. One specimen ( LACM-AHF POLY 2437), station BVI-99-95, 18.476 ◦ N, 64.578 ◦ W, White bay, sample consists of Halimeda opuntia and associated epifauna, depth 5.48–12.8 m, 10 August 1999, coll. G. Hendler, LH99-772. One specimen ( LACM-AHF POLY 2438), station BVI-00-62, 18.486 ◦ N, 64.583 ◦ W, Atlantic side of Long Point, 13 July 2000, among barnacles on vertical rock wall overgrown with calcareous and non-calcareous red algae, tunicates and sponges, on vertical rock wall, intertidal and shallow subtidal, coll. T. Zimmerman, G. Hendler, J. Martin, R. Ware, Vc0690. One specimen ( LACM AHF POLY 2439), station BVI-00-62, 18.486 ◦ N, 64.583 ◦ W, Atlantic side of Long Point, among large barnacles on vertical rock wall overgrown with calcareous and non-calcareous red algae, tunicates and sponges, intertidal and shallow subtidal, 13 July 2000, coll. T. Zimmerman, G. Hendler, J. Martin, R. Ware, Vc0698. One specimen ( LACM-AHF POLY 2440), station BVI- 00-6218.486 ◦ N, Atlantic side of Long Point, among large barnacles on vertical rock wall overgrown with calcareous and non-calcareous red algae, tunicates and sponges, intertidal and shallow subtidal, 13 July 2000, coll. T. Zimmerman, G. Hendler, J. Martin, R. Ware, Vc00700. One specimen ( LACM-AHF POLY 2441), station BVI- 00-62, 18.486 ◦ N, 64.583 ◦ W, Atlantic side of Long Point, among large barnacles on vertical rock wall overgrown with calcareous and non-calcareous red algae, tunicates and sponges, intertidal and shallow subtidal, 13 July 2000, coll. T. Zimmerman, G. Hendler, J. Martin, R. Ware, Vc1356. One specimen ( LACM-AHF POLY 2442), station BVI-00-62, 18.486 ◦ N, 64.583 ◦ W, Atlantic side of Long Point, among large barnacles on vertical rock wall overgrown with calcareous and non-calcareous red algae, tunicates and sponges, intertidal and shallow subtidal, 13 July 2000, coll. T. Zimmerman, G. Hendler, J. Martin, R. Ware, Vc1406. Venezuela: 10 specimens ( LACM-AHF POLY 2391), Tortugas Island, 10 ◦ 58 ′ 00 ′′ N, 65 ◦ 23 ′ 75 ′′ W, coral shore, R / V Velero III Station A20-39, 13April 1939, coll. Allan Hancock Foundation. One specimen ( LACM-AHF POLY 2430), Cubagua, 10 ◦ 48 ′ 48 ′′ N, 64 ◦ 13 ′ 13 ′′ W, station A30-39, Rocky Shore, R / V Velero III, 15 April 1939, coll. Allan Hancock Foundation. Mexican Caribbean, Quintana Roo: one specimen ( ECOSUR P01328) of Rancho Buenavista, 18 ◦ 30 ′ 42 ′′ N, 87 ◦ 45 ′ 30 ′′ W, 3 m, coll. S. Salazar, on coral rock, 4 June 1998. One specimen ( ECOSUR P01329), Rancho Buenavista, 18 ◦ 30 ′ 42 ′′ N, 87 ◦ 45 ′ 30 ′′ W, 2 m, on coral rock, coll. L. Carrera, 27 September 1996. One specimen ( ECOSUR P01331), Xcalak, 18 ◦ 15 ′ 33 ′′ N, 87 ◦ 50 ′ 21.4 ′′ W, 20 m, 28 August 2002. One specimen ( ECOSUR P01332), Xahuayxol, 18 ◦ 30 ′ 15 ′′ N, 87 ◦ 45 ′ 32 ′′ W, 2 August 2002. Four specimens ( ECOSUR P01333), Punta Nizuc, 20 ◦ 02 ′ N, 86 ◦ 44 ′ W, 4 m, 10 February 2002. One specimen ( ECOSUR P01334), Playa Aventuras, 20 ◦ 20 ′ 15 ′′ N, 87 ◦ 20 ′ 31 ′′ W, station DIF Aventuras, 24 May 1998. Five specimens ( ECOSUR P01335), Contoy Island, 18 ◦ 30 ′ 8.4 ′′ N, 86 ◦ 47 ′ 45 ′′ W, 2 March 2001. Two specimens ( ECOSUR P01336), Mahahual, 18 ◦ 40 ′ 9.6 ′′ N, 87 ◦ 43 ′ 1.4 ′′ W, 4 m, coll. R. Bastida, 21 March 1998. One specimen ( ECOSUR P01337), Mahahual, 18 ◦ 40 ′ 9.6 ′′ N, 87 ◦ 43 ′ 1.4 ′′ W, st North side, 25 February 20001. Two specimens ( ECOSUR P01338), Cozumel, 20 ◦ 23 ′ 45 ′′ N, 86 ◦ 51 ′ 53 ′′ W, station Playa Azul, coll. J. Ruiz, 25 March 2001. Two specimens ( ECOSUR P01339), Punta Herradura, 18 ◦ 32 ′ 23 ′′ N, 87 ◦ 32 ′′ W, on coral rock, coll. L. Carrera and S. Salazar, 28 October 1997. One specimen ( ECOSUR P01340), Punta Nizuc, 21 ◦ 2 ′ 5.4 ′′ N, 86 ◦ 47 ′ 41.9 ′′ W, 4 m, 10 February 2001. One specimen ( ECOSUR P01341), Contoy Sur, 21 ◦ 30 ′ 8.4 ′′ N, 86 ◦ 47 ′ 45 ′′ W, 2 m, 2 March 2001. One specimen ( ECOSUR P01345), Xcacel, 2 m, 25 October 2002. One specimen ( ECOSUR P0 1355), Punta Allen, 19 ◦ 46 ′ 46 ′′ N, 87 ◦ 28 ′ 33 ′′ W, coll. E. Donath, 24 February 1986. One specimen ( ECOSUR OH-P 0259), Islache reef, 21 ◦ 26 ′ 2.5 ′′ N, 86 ◦ 46 ′ 56.1 ′′ W, South of Contoy Island, 2 m, in coralline rock, coll. Salazar-Vallejo and Carrera-Parra, 25 February 2008.

Description

One specimen (ECOSUR OH-P0259) entire. Body subrectangular, 36 segments, 2.3 cm long, 0.4 cm wide. Dorsum and elytra with brown pigment.

Prostomium bilobed, partially retracted in second segment, without cephalic peaks; two pairs of faded eyes; facial tubercle small, rounded; median antenna with ceratophore inserted frontally, style without papillae, subdistally expanded, tapering to filiform tip; lateral antennae with ceratophores inserted terminally as prolongations of prostomium lobes, at same level as median antenna, with diffuse pigment, styles shorter than that of median antenna, papillae absent, subdistally clavate, abruptly tapering to filifom tip. Palps robust without pigmentation, surface with short papillae. Pharynx not everted.

Tentacular segment not visible dorsally; tentaculophores with small, thin chaetae; tentacular cirri similar to antennae. Segment 2 projecting anteriorly as short, rectangular lobe on prostomium, with two small dorsal tubercles.

Body with 18 pairs of elytra, inserted on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, then alternate to 21, 23, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31, 33. Three posteriormost segments with dorsal cirri. Elytra fleshy, imbricate, covering dorsal midline ( Figure 13A ). First pair of elytra circular, with smooth margins ( Figure 13C ), surfaces with abundant microtubercles ( Figure 13D ). Microtubercles sclerotized, colour amber, conical, larger over elytrophore scar, others vesicular, distally blunt. Second and third pairs of elytra without papillae on margins; surfaces with sclerotized microtubercles, amber colour on anterior half, posterior half with smooth macrotubercles, not sclerotized ( Figure 13E,F ). Elytra in median and posterior segments without microtubercles ( Figure 13G ), with uncolored, vesicular macrotubercles ( Figure 13H,I ).

Notopodia shorter than neuropodia. Neuropodia distally truncate with protruding acicular tip and small rounded lobe near acicular tip. Elytrophores wider than dorsal tubercles. Dorsal cirri subdistally expanded with ring of pigmentation, distally tapering to filiform tip; cirrophores basally expanded; ventral cirri tapering to fine tip, not reaching distal neuropodial margin; nephridial papillae elongate on posterior parapodia. Anus dorsal on last three segments. Pygidium with anal cirri missing.

Notochaetae with rows of spines; the shorter, curved, with blunt tips; remaining notochaetae slender, tapering to capillary tips; neurochaetae with rows of spines on upper region; bidentate tips, main tooth thick, curved, subdistal tooth shorter than main tooth ( Figure 13J ).

Remarks

Halosydna leucohyba ( Schmarda, 1861) is widely recorded from the Grand Caribbean. Although Schmarda’s (1861) original description is brief, the features of the present specimens agree with later characterizations (e.g. Webster 1884; Hartman 1944). The morphology of elytra and neurochaetae are consistent in specimens of different size. The chaetae on the tentaculophores are very slender, few in number but present (although might be broken). The type material was not available in the Zoologisches Institut and Museum Hamburg.

Type locality

Jamaica.

Distribution

Bermuda; Florida; Puerto Rico; Venezuela; Virgin Islands; Mexican Caribbean, multiple records in this paper.

Figures

Figure 13. Halsydna leucohyba (Schmarda, 1861). ECOSUR OH-P0259. (A) Anterior end, dorsal view; (B) posterior end, dorsal view; (C) first elytron; (D) same microtubercles; (E) left elytron from posterior segment; (F) same macrotubercles; (G) right elytron from posterior segment; (H, I) same, macrotubercles; (J) bidentate neurochaeta.