Allographa

Kalb, Jutarat, Lücking, Robert & Kalb, Klaus, 2018, The lichen genera Allographa and Graphis (Ascomycota: Ostropales, Graphidaceae) in Thailand-eleven new species, forty-seven new records and a key to all one hundred and fifteen species so far recorded for the country, Phytotaxa 377 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

Key to groups and species of Allographa and Graphis in Thailand

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No parts of the exciple carbonized (formerly in genus Hemithecium ) ............................................................................................ 2. Exciple apically, laterally or completely carbonized ....................................................................................................................... 4. Labia entire or indistinctly striate ........................................................................................................................................ Group 1 Labia distinctly striate, at least in the central (older) lirellae .......................................................................................................... 3. Ascospores transversely septate .......................................................................................................................................... Group 2 Ascospores muriform .......................................................................................................................................................... Group 3 Lirellae with orange or red pigments, either as pruina on the labia or as epihymenial or hymenial inspersion ................. Group 4 Pigments absent; lirellae black, white pruinose or with a whitish or grayish thalline margin ........................................................ 5. Labia entire ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 6. Labia at least in thallus center striate in surface view, crenulate in section (sometimes only slightly so) .................................... 15. Exciple apically (to peripherally) carbonized only, inner and basal parts hyaline to yellow-orange or brownish .......................... 7. Exciple laterally to completely carbonized ..................................................................................................................................... 8. Ascospores transversely septate .......................................................................................................................................... Group 5 Ascospores terminally to regularly muriform ..................................................................................................................... Group 6 Exciple laterally carbonized, basally absent or thin and hyaline to yellow-orange or sometimes brownish (lateral exciple sometimes converging!) ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 9. Exciple completely carbonized, basal carbonized part thin to thick ............................................................................................. 12. Hymenium clear ............................................................................................................................................................................ 10. Hymenium inspersed with oil droplets .......................................................................................................................................... 11. Ascospores transversely septate .......................................................................................................................................... Group 7 Ascospores muriform .......................................................................................................................................................... Group 8 Ascospores transversely septate .......................................................................................................................................... Group 9 Ascospores muriform ........................................................................................................................................................ Group 10 Hymenium clear ............................................................................................................................................................................ 13. Hymenium inspersed with oil droplets .......................................................................................................................................... 14. Ascospores transversely septate ......................................................................................................................................... Group 11 Ascospores terminally to regularly muriform ................................................................................................................... Group 12 Ascospores transversely septate ........................................................................................................................................ Group 13 Ascospores muriform ........................................................................................................................................................ Group 14 Exciple apically to peripherally carbonized, inner and basal parts non-carbonized, hyaline to yellow-orange or brownish; hymenium clear ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 16. Exciple laterally to completely carbonized; hymenium clear or inspersed ................................................................................... 17. Ascospores transversely septate ........................................................................................................................................ Group 15 Ascospores muriform ........................................................................................................................................................ Group 16 Exciple laterally carbonized, basally absent or thin and non-carbonized, hyaline to yellow-orange or sometimes brownish (lateral exciple sometimes converging!) .................................................................................................................................................... 18. Exciple completely carbonized, basal carbonized part thin to thick ............................................................................................. 19. Ascospores transversely septate ........................................................................................................................................ Group 17 Ascospores terminally to regularly muriform ................................................................................................................... Group 18 Hymenium clear ............................................................................................................................................................................ 20. Hymenium inspersed ......................................................................................................................................................... Group 21 Ascospores transversely septate ........................................................................................................................................ Group 19 Ascospores terminally to regularly muriform ................................................................................................................... Group 20

Group 1: Labia entire or only indistinctly striate, no parts of the exciple carbonized, hymenium clear, ascospores transversely septate

1. Lirellae erumpent to prominent with a lateral to ± complete thalline margin, short to elongate, irregularly branched ( balaghatensis - morph), disc narrowly opened, whitish pruinose, ascopores 7–13-septate, 20–50 × 7–8 μm, stictic acid and norstictic acid present as major substances ......................................................................................................... Graphis balaghatensis (see also group 2)

- Lirellae variable with a complete thalline margin, short to elongate, unbranched or very rarely branched ( balaghatensis - or illinata - morph), disc concealed, stictic acid or norstictic acid present as only major substance ................................................................ 2.

2. Lirellae prominent to sessile, elongate and irregularly branched ( balaghatensis -morph), norstictic acid present ... Graphis indica

- Lirellae variable stictic acid present ................................................................................................................................................ 3.

3. Lirellae prominent, illinata -morph, ascospores 14–24-septate, 70–75 × 9–10 μm ................................................ Graphis aphanes

- Lirellae immersed to erumpent, balaghatensis -morph, ascospores 7–9-septate, 20–35 × 5–7 μm ... Graphis aphaneomicrospora

Group 2: Labia striate, no parts of exciple carbonized, hymenium clear, ascospores transversely septate

1. Lirellae erumpent to prominent, short to elongate ( balaghatensis -morph), sparsely to irregularly branched, disc narrowly opened, whitish pruinose, ascospores 7–15-septate, 28–55 × 7–9 μm, no lichen substances ........................................... Graphis implicata

- Lirella morphology and spore size similar to G. implicata , but stictic acid and norstictic acid present as major substances ........... ........................................................................................................................................................................ Graphis balaghatensis

Group 3: Labia striate, no parts of the exciple carbonized, hymenium clear, ascospores muriform

1. Lirellae erumpent to prominent, ascospores 12–15 × 2–6-septate, 50–90 × 17–30 μm, no lichen substances.................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................... Allographa rufopallida

- Lirellae prominent to sessile, ascospores 20–35 × 2–10-septate, 110–200 × 30–65 μm, stictic acid ......... Allographa stictilabiata

Group 4: Lirellae with orange or red pigments, either as pruina on the labia or as epihymenial or hymenial inspersion

1. Hymenium clear, disc cinnabar red pruinose, epihymenium with orange crystals K+ lemon- to golden-yellow, ascospores densely muriform, 17–35 × 1–8-septate, 80–140 × 20–35 μm, stictic acid aggr. ....................................................... Allographa schummii

- Hymenium inspersed, ascospores transversely septate ................................................................................................................... 2.

2. Hymenium densely inspersed with purple oildroplets, K+ dirty-green efflux, ascospores 8–13-septate, 30–50 × 8–10 μm, norstictic acid ....................................................................................................................................................................... Graphis persicina

- Hymenium inspersed with colorless oildroplets, disc brownish, epihymenium inspersed with orange-brown pigment granules, K+ purple, ascospores 5–7-septate, 18–30 × 6–8 μm, no substances in thallus ................................................... Graphis schummiana

Group 5: Labia entire, exciple apically carbonized, hymenium clear, ascospores transversally septate

1. Thallus ecorticate, ± farinose, ascospores small, 7–10-septate, 25–45 × 6–10 μm .......................................... Graphis glaucescens

- Thallus corticate, smooth to uneven, ascospores variable ............................................................................................................... 2.

2. Disc slightly exposed, white pruinose, ascospores small to medium sized, 9–10-septate, 38–50 × 7–9 μm ... Graphis epimelaena

- Disc concealed, ascospores small, 7–9-septate, 30–35 × 7–8 μm ............................................................. Allographa xanthospora

Group 6: Labia entire, exciple apically carbonized, hymenium clear, ascospores muriform

Lirellae immersed to erumpent, with thick complete thalline margin ( subserpentina -morph), up to 8 mm long, ascospores 11–17 × 1–5- septate, 70–110 × 15–30 μm, stictic acid aggr. ............................................................................................................ Graphis streblocarpa

In Thailand, this is the only species in this group.

Group 7: Labia entire, exciple laterally carbonized, hymenium clear, ascospores transversely septate

1. Ascospores medium-sized to large (45–135 μm long); mature ascospores usually exceeding 50 μm) .......................................... 2.

- Ascospores very small to small (14–45 μm long) ......................................................................................................................... 12.

2. Norstictic or stictic acid present ...................................................................................................................................................... 3.

- No substances ................................................................................................................................................................................ 10.

3. Norstictic acid present ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4.

- Stictic acid present ........................................................................................................................................................................... 8.

4. Ascospores large (usually exceeding 70 μm in length) ................................................................................................................... 5.

- Ascospores medium sized (rarely exceeding 70 μm) ...................................................................................................................... 7.

5. Ascospores broader than 15 μm, lirellae prominent, with a thin, complete thalline margin that often flakes off to expose black labia, short and sparsely branched ( lumbricina -morph), ascospores 13–19-septate, 95–115 × 17–21 μm ........... Allographa lumbricina

- Ascospores narrower than 15 μm .................................................................................................................................................... 6.

6. Lirellae prominent to sessile, with thick lateral thalline margin, very short and unbranched ( dussii -morph), ascospores 16–22- septate, 70–105 × 8–9 μm .......................................................................................................................................... Graphis dussii

- Lirellae erumpent to prominent, with thick lateral to almost complete thalline margin ( caesiella -morph), exciple almost completely carbonized, ascospores 11–22-septate, 60–115 × 9–15 μm ................................................................................ Graphis koratensis

7. Lirellae erumpent with lateral thalline margin, labia not pruinose ( lineola -morph), ascospores 9–15-septate, 40–65 × 9–10 μm .... ........................................................................................................................................................................ Graphis erythrocardia

- Lirellae immersed to erumpent with a thick lateral and thin complete thalline margin, labia with a thick white pruina at least along the slit ( glaucescens -morph), ascospores 11–21-septate, 45–80 × 9–10 μm ...................................................... Graphis albocarpa

8. Lirellae subserpentina -morph, ascospores medium-sized, 14–25-septate, 55–75 × 7–9 μm ....................... Graphis subschroederi

- Lirellae leptogramma -morph ........................................................................................................................................................... 9.

9. Ascospores large, 7–23-septate, 60–100 × 8–12 μm ........................................................................................ Graphis longiramea

- Ascospores small to medium-sized, 6–15-septate, 30–65 × 7–12 μm ........................................................... Graphis leptogramma

10. Lirellae prominent with basal thalline margin ( hossei morph), ascospores medium-sized to large, 11–17-septate, 50–110 × 8–14 μm ......................................................................................................................................................................... Allographa hossei

- Lirellae erumpent with lateral thalline margin ( glaucescens - or deserpens -morph), ascospores medium sized, not exceeding 80 μm .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11.

11. Lirellae glaucescens -morph, ascospores 7–16-septate, 38–70 × 7–11 μm ................................................... Allographa pavoniana

- Lirellae deserpens -morph, ascospores 7–13-septate, 40–75 × 9–11 μm .......................................................... Allographa elongata

12. Salazinic and norstictic acids present (salazinic acid always as major compound, norstictic acid in variable concentrations), sometimes additionally with stictic or protocetraric acid .............................................................................................................. 13.

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Salazinic or norstictic or protocetraric or stictic acid as major substance only or no substances ............................................... 15. Salazinic, norstictic and protocetraric acids present ................................................................................................ Graphis litoralis Salazinic and norstictic acids present, protocetraric acid absent ................................................................................................... 14. Disc widely opened with age, spore walls up to 2 μm thick ............................................................................. Graphis sublitoralis Disc concealed or only slightly opened with age, spore walls less than 1 μm thick ........................................... Graphis capillacea Salazinic acid present ................................................................................................................................................ Graphis bakeri Salazinic acid absent, norstictic or protocetraric or stictic acid as major substance only or no substances ................................. 16. Norstictic acid present ................................................................................................................................................................... 17. Norstictic acid absent, protocetraric or stictic acid as major substance only or no substances .................................................... 20. Disc and/or labia white pruinose ................................................................................................................................................... 18. Disc concealed, labia non-pruinose ............................................................................................................................................... 19. . Disc exposed, white pruinose; lirellae scripta -morph ............................................................................ Graphis pyrrhocheiloides Disc concealed, labia white pruinose; lirellae caesiella -morph ............................................................................ Graphis caesiella Lirellae elongate to very long and irregularly to radiately branched ................................................................... Graphis filiformis Lirellae short and sparsely branched ........................................................................................................................ Graphis librata Protocetraric acid present .................................................................................................................................... Graphis supracola Protocetraric acid absent, stictic acid as major substance only or no substances .......................................................................... 21. Stictic acid present ......................................................................................................................................................................... 22. No substances ................................................................................................................................................................................ 23. Disc exposed, lirellae scripta -morph ......................................................................................................... Graphis sundarbanensis Disc concealed, lirellae caesiella - or dendrogramma -morph ..................................................................... Graphis dendrogramma Lirellae prominent, with basal thalline margin, short to elongate ( hossei -morph) ............................................... Graphis urandrae Lirellae with lateral thalline margin .............................................................................................................................................. 24. Thallus partly ecorticate, labia often white pruinose; lirellae caesiella -morph ...................................................... Graphis furcata Thallus corticate, labia non-pruinose ............................................................................................................................................ 25. Lirellae prominent, short to elongate and simple or irregularly branched ( hossei -morph) ................................. Graphis prunicola Lirellae erumpent, short to elongate and sparsely to irregularly branched ( lineola - or deserpens -morph) ........... Graphis pinicola

Group 8: Labia entire, exciple laterally carbonized, hymenium clear, ascospores muriform

1. Norstictic or stictic acid present ...................................................................................................................................................... 2.

- No substances .................................................................................................................................................................................. 8.

2. Norstictic acid present ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3.

- Stictic acid present ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7.

3. Ascospores small (30–46 μm long) ................................................................................................................................................. 4.

- Ascospores medium-sized to large (65–150 μm long) .................................................................................................................... 5.

4. Lirellae prominent with a basal to lateral thalline margin ( hossei - or marginata -morph), ascospores 30–40 × 10–12 μm Graphis analoga

- Lirellae erumpent to prominent with lateral thalline margin (lineoloa - or deserpens -morph, ascospores 40–50 × 12–15 μm .......... Graphis renschiana

5. Ascospores medium-sized (40–75 × 19–27 μm) ................................................................................................ Graphis copelandii

- Ascospores large (70–150 μm long) ................................................................................................................................................ 6.

6. Lirellae erumpent with thick lateral margin, elongate, simple or irregularly branched ( subserpentina -morph) ................................ ....................................................................................................................................................................... Graphis subserpentina

- Lirellae erumpent to prominent with thick (lateral to) complete thalline margin, short and simple (illinata -morph) ........................ ......................................................................................................................................................................... Graphis rongklaensis

7. Lirellae deserpens -morph, ascospores 8/ascus, small, 33–40 × 10–12 μm ......................................................... Graphis deserpens

- Lirellae subserpentina -morph, ascospores 1–2/ascus, large, 70–110 × 15–30 μm ......................................... Graphis streblocarpa

8. Ascospores large (85–125 × 20–35 μm) .......................................................................................................................................... 9.

- Ascospores small to medium-sized (20–50 × 7–20 μm) ................................................................................................................ 11.

9. Lirellae prominent ......................................................................................................................................................................... 10.

- Lirellae erumpent with lateral to apically thick complete thalline margin ( subserpentina -morph) ................ Graphis subhiascens

10. Lirellae with a thick lateral thalline margin ( marginata -morph) ............................................................. Allographa atrocelatoides

- Lirellae with a basal thalline margin ( hossei -morph) ................................................................................. Allographa daintreensis

11. Lirellae erumpent, disc exposed ( scripta -morp) ................................................................................................. Graphis tenuirima

- Lirellae erumpent to prominent, disc concealed ............................................................................................................................ 12.

12. Lirellae with basal thalline margin ( hossei -morph), ascospores 28–40 × 10–11 μm .......................................... Graphis consimilis

- Lirellae with lateral thalline margin ( lineola -morph), ascospores 30–50 × 12–20 μm .......................................... Graphis nanodes

Group 9: Labia entire, exciple laterally carbonized, hymenium inspersed, ascospores transversely septate

1. Norstictic or stictic acid present ...................................................................................................................................................... 2.

- No substances .................................................................................................................................................................................. 7.

2. Stictic acid present .............................................................................................................................................. Graphis kelungana

- Norstictic acid present ..................................................................................................................................................................... 3.

3. Disc exposed, lirellae erumpent with lateral thalline margin, short to elongate and sparsely to irregularly branched ( handelii - or scripta -morph) ................................................................................................................................................................................. 4.

- Disc concealed, lirellae variable ...................................................................................................................................................... 6.

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- Disc non-pruinose, lirellae handelii -morph ............................................................................................................ Graphis handelii Disc white pruinose, lirellae scripta -morph .................................................................................................................................... 5. Ascospores 5–9-septate, 20–32 × 6–7 μm ................................................................................................................. Graphis crebra Ascospores 7–13-septate, 25–40 × 7 μm ............................................................................................................... Graphis apertella Labia white pruinose, lirellae caesiella -morph ................................................................................................... Graphis plumierae Labia non-pruinose, lirellae lineola -morph ............................................................................................................... Graphis cincta Ascospores 11–21-septate, (small to) medium-sized (to large) ....................................................................................................... 8. Ascospores 7–9-septate, small ......................................................................................................................................................... 9. Lirellae erumpent with basal thalline margin, very short ( subregularis -morph) ............................................ Graphis subregularis Lirellae erumpent to prominent with a thick lateral thalline margin, short to elongate ( marginata -morph) ...................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................... Graphis intermedians Disc concealed .......................................................................................................................................................... Graphis lineola Disc exposed .................................................................................................................................................................................. 10. Disc white pruinose ...................................................................................................................................... Graphis submarginata Disc non-pruinose .................................................................................................................................................. Graphis jejuensis

Group 10: Labia entire, exciple laterally carbonized, hymenium inspersed, ascospores muriform

1. Lirellae very short to short, with a complete thalline margin, proper exciple not visible from outside (cleistomma -morph), ascospores 1/ascus, 80–150 × 25–40 μm ........................................................................................................................... Graphis subinsulana

- Lirellae elongate, with a lateral to almost complete thalline margin, proper exciple distinctly visible from outside ( subserpentina - morph), ascospores 1–2/ascus, 70–110 × 20–27 μm ............................................................................................. Graphis insulana

Group 11: Labia entire, exciple completely carbonized, hymenium clear, ascospores transversely septate

1. Ascospores medium-sized to large (45–120 μm long, mature ascospores exceeding 50 μm) ........................................................ 2.

- Ascospores very small to small (15–50 μm long, mature ascospores rarely exceeding 45 μm) ................................................... 11.

2. Lichexanthone present (thallus UV+ golden yellow), lirellae hossei -morph, ascospores 6–8/ascus, 8–15-septate, 45–60 × 10–14 μm ................................................................................................................................................................... Allographa sauroidea

- Lichexanthone absent, lirellae and ascospores variable .................................................................................................................. 3.

3. Norstictic or stictic acid present ...................................................................................................................................................... 4.

- No substances .................................................................................................................................................................................. 9.

4. Stictic acid present, norstictic acid absent ....................................................................................................................................... 5.

- Norstictic acid present ..................................................................................................................................................................... 6.

5. Lirellae subserpentina -morph, ascospores 13–15-septate, 74–80 × 12–14 μm ................................................. Graphis schroederi

- Lirellae marginata -morph, ascospores 11–17-septate, 65–85 × 8–11 μm .......................................................... Allographa rustica

6. Thallus ecorticate, lirellae with thick lateral and very thin apical thalline margin, thickly white pruinose along the slit ( glaucescens morph) ................................................................................................................................................................. Graphis albocarpa

- Thallus corticate, lirellae variable ................................................................................................................................................... 7.

7. Ascospores small to medium-sized (40–50 × 10–11 μm) ................................................................................. Graphis nigrocarpa

- Ascospores medium-sized to large (60–120 × 9–18 μm) ................................................................................................................ 8.

8. Lirellae pruinose along the slit, caesiella -morph ............................................................................................... Graphis koratensis

- Lirellae non-pruinose, marginata -morph ...................................................................................................... Allographa marginata

9. Ascospores medium-sized to large (75–100 × 14–15 μm) ............................................................................... Allographa rhizicola

- Ascospores medium-sized (40–70 × 7–10 μm) ............................................................................................................................. 10.

10. Lirellae immersed to erumpent ( deserpens -morph) ................................................................................ Allographa subdisserpens

- Lirellae prominent (farinulenta -morph) ......................................................................................................... Allographa seminuda

11. Norstictic or stictic acid present .................................................................................................................................................... 12.

- No substances ................................................................................................................................................................................ 17.

12. Stictic acid present ......................................................................................................................................................................... 13.

- Norstictic acid present ................................................................................................................................................................... 14.

13. Lirellae elongate, disc exposed, white pruinose ( scripta -morph) .......................................................................... Graphis modesta

- Lirellae long to very long, disc concealed (centrifuga -morph) ......................................................................... Graphis flavovirens

14. Lirellae prominent, lacking a thalline margin or with a basal thalline margin .............................................................................. 15.

- Lirellae immersed to erumpent with a lateral thalline margin ....................................................................................................... 16.

15. Lirellae nuda -morph, ascospores 6–11-septate, 24–40 × 6–9 μm ............................................................................ Graphis emersa

- Lirellae hossei -morph, ascospores 3–7-septate, 15–20 × 6–7 μm ........................................................................ Graphis emersella

16. Lirellae short, sparsely branched ( lineola -morph), ascospores 7–11-septate, 25–45 × 6–11 μm ......................... Graphis assimilis

- Lirellae elongate to very long and irregularly to radiately branched ( deserpens - or centrifuga -morph), ascospores 4–9-septate, 15–35 × 5–8 μm ..................................................................................................................................................... Graphis intricata

17. Lirellae sessile, lacking thalline margin ................................................................................................................. Graphis conferta

- Lirellae immersed to erumpent or erumpent to prominent, with basal to lateral or complete thalline margin ............................. 18.

18. Lirellae immersed to erumpent, labia white pruinose .................................................................................. Allographa sitianoides

- Labia not or only slightly pruinose ................................................................................................................................................ 19.

19. Lirellae with basal thalline margin, short, irregularly or stellately branched ( geraensis -morph) ........................ Graphis geraensis

- Lirellae with lateral or apically thin complete thalline margin ..................................................................................................... 20.

20. Lirellae with apically thin complete thalline margin ( negrosina -morph) ........................................................... Graphis negrosina

- Lirellae with lateral thalline margin .............................................................................................................................................. 21. 21.

- Lirellae prominent, elongate and unbranched or irregularly branched, labia not pruinose ( marginata - or rarely farinulenta - morph) ................................................................................................................................................................... Graphis oxyclada Lirellae erumpent, short to elongate and sparsely to irregularly branched, labia not or slightly pruinose ( lineola - or deserpens - morph) ............................................................................................................................................................ Graphis immersicans

Group 12: Labia entire, exciple completely carbonized, hymenium clear, ascospores muriform

1. Ascospores medium-sized to very large (60–170 × 10–30 μm) ...................................................................................................... 2.

- Ascospores small (22–42 × 8–12 μm) .................................................................................................................... Graphis analoga

2. Ascospores terminally muriform ..................................................................................................................................................... 3.

- Ascospores regularly muriform ....................................................................................................................................................... 4.

3. Lirellae erumpent, with thick lateral and thin apical thalline margin ( negrosina -morph), ascospores 4–6/ascus, becoming brownish with age ......................................................................................................................................................... Allographa kansriana

- Lirellae prominent to sessile, with a thick, complete thalline margin (illinata -morph), ascospores 6–8/ascus .................................. ......................................................................................................................................................................... Allographa aquilonia

4. Lirellae erumpent with a thick complete thalline margin ( subserpentina -morph), ascospores 1/ascus ............. Graphis cycasicola

- Lirellae prominent with apically thin complete thalline margin ( acharii - or rhizicola -morph), ascospores 2–6/ascus ..................... ............................................................................................................................................................................. Allographa acharii

Group 13: Labia entire, exciple completely carbonized, hymenium inspersed, ascospores transversely septate

1. Stictic acid present ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2.

- Norstictic acid present, lirellae short to elongate, sparsely to irregularly branched ( lineola - or deserpens -morph) .......................... ............................................................................................................................................................................... Graphis gonimica

2. Lirellae immersed to erumpent, very long and slender with thick, gently sloping thalline margin, irregularly branched ( leptogramma - morph) ..................................................................................................................................................................... Graphis omiana

- Lirellae erumpent, very long and robust, with a thick lateral thalline margin, radiately branched, (centrifuga -morph) .................... .................................................................................................................................................................... Graphis arbusculiformis Remarks:—This species was keyed out as lacking secondary substances in Lücking et al. (2009), but revision of the scanty type material revealed the presence of stictic acid.

Group 14: Labia entire, exciple completely carbonized, hymenium inspersed, ascospores muriform

1. Norstictic acid present, ascospores 1/ascus ................................................................................................. Graphis novopalmicola - No lichen substances present, ascospores 1–4 (–6)/ascus ........................................................................... Allographa phaeospora

Group 15: Labia striate, exciple apically (to peripherally) carbonized, ascospores transversely septate

1. Norstictic acid present ..................................................................................................................................................................... 2.

- Stictic acid or no lichen substances present .................................................................................................................................... 3.

2. Lirellae with apically thin complete margin, elongate and irregularly branched ( acharii -morph), ascospores large (74–96 × 5–6 μm) ............................................................................................................................................................... Allographa trichospora

- Lirellae with basal thalline margin, short and sparsely branched ( striatula -morph), ascospores small (25–33 × 4–5 μm) ................ ............................................................................................................................................................................... Graphis subvittata

3. Stictic acid present ........................................................................................................................................................................... 4.

- No lichen substances ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5.

4. Lirellae erumpent, with lateral thalline margin ( tenella -morph) ............................................................................... Graphis vittata

- Lirellae erumpent to prominent, lacking thalline margin ( striatula -morph) ........................................................ Graphis stenotera

5. Thallus ecorticate, lirellae glaucescens -morph ................................................................................................ Graphis glaucescens

- Thallus corticate .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6.

6. Lirellae with lateral thalline margin, short to elongate and sparsely to irregularly branched ( tenella -morph) ... Graphis chlorotica

- Lirellae lacking thalline margin or with basal thalline margin, elongate and irregularly branched ( tenella - or striatula -morph) ..... ............................................................................................................................................................................ Graphis proserpens