Gonioctena (Gonioctena) nivosa (Suffrian, 1851)

Cho, Hee-Wook, Kippenberg, Horst & Borowiec, Lech, 2016, Revision of the Gonioctenanivosa species-group (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae) in the Holarctic region, with descriptions of two new species, ZooKeys 596, pp. 87-128 : 97-110

Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Chrysomelidae

Gonioctena (Gonioctena) nivosa (Suffrian, 1851) Figs 7-8, 29-32, 33-54, 67

Chrysomela affinis Gyllenhal, 1808: 257 nec Fabricius, 1787: 67 (type locality: Lapponia); Suffrian 1851: 218 (part).

Gonioctena affinis : Chevrolat 1836: 403; Mannerheim 1852: 369; Letzner 1864: 142; Weise 1884: 500; Marseul 1888: 41; Székessy 1934: 33; L. N. Medvedev 1968: 77; L. N. Medvedev and Voronova 1976: 228; L. N. Medvedev and Korotyaev 1980: 81, 86; L. N. Medvedev and Zaytsev 1980: 104, 106 (larva); L. N. Medvedev and Roginskaya 1988: 100 (host plant); Dubeshko and L. N. Medvedev 1989: 130 (biology); Steinhausen 1996: 74 (larva).

Phytodecta affinis : Gradl 1882: 330; Kraatz 1879a: 53; Kittel 1884: 32; Weise 1893: 1130, 1906: 561; Holdhaus and Lindroth 1939: 208; Bechyně 1948: 92, 118, 124; L. N. Medvedev 1963: 114.

Phytodecta (Phytodecta) affinis : Weise 1916: 176; Winkler 1930: 1296; Chen 1935: 127; Mohr 1966: 185.

Gonioctena (Gonioctena) affinis : L. N. Medvedev and Zaytsev 1978: 119 (larva); L. N. Medvedev 1982: 91, 179, 252 (incl. larva), 1992: 575; L. N. Medvedev and Dubeshko 1992: 118; V. L. Medvedev 1999: 14; L. N. Medvedev 2006a: 139; Zaytsev and L. N. Medvedev 2009: 145 (larva).

Chrysomela nivosa Suffrian, 1851: 222 (type locality: Austria, Kärnten).

Gonioctena nivosa : Letzner 1864: 143 (biology); Marseul 1888: 45; Holdhaus and Lindroth 1939: 208 (as synonym of Gonioctena affinis ); Wilcox 1972: 22; Steinhausen 1996: 75 (larva); Clark et al. 2004: 110.

Phytodecta nivosa : Kraatz 1879a: 54; Weise 1884: 500, 1891: 160, 1893: 1129; Székessy 1934: 33 (as synonym of Gonioctena affinis ); Kippenberg 1994: 84.

Phytodecta nivosus : Weise 1906: 561; Achard 1924: 32; Bechyně 1948: 92, 118, 125.

Phytodecta (Phytodecta) nivosa : Reitter 1913: 129; Cantonnet 1968: 40, 43.

Phytodecta (Phytodecta) nivosus : Weise 1916: 178; Winkler 1930: 1295; Mohr 1966: 185.

Gonioctena (Gonioctena) nivosa : Daccordi et al. 1991: 96; Steinhausen 1994: 277 (larva); Warchałowski 1994: 104, 118, 2003: 311; Winkelman and Debreuil 2008: 142; Kippenberg 2010: 433; Warchałowski 2010: 559.

Chrysomela stenomera Dufour, 1851: 353 (type locality: Eaux-Bonnes); Weise 1906: 561 (as aberration of Gonioctena nivosa ).

Phytodecta nivosus var. stenomera : Achard 1924: 32.

Gonioctena arctica Mannerheim, 1853: 257 (type locality: Kenai); Crotch 1873: 52; Holdhaus and Lindroth 1939: 208 (as synonym of Gonioctena affinis ); Brown 1952: 340; Silfverberg 1992: 69, 1994a: 508, 1994b: 32; Mikhailov and Hayashi 2000: 82; Mikhailov 2001: 61; Silfverberg 2004: 82.

Chrysomela arctica : Suffrian 1858: 382.

Phytodecta arctica : Stål 1865: 329; Kraatz 1879a: 55, 56 (as synonym of Gonioctena nivosa ); Schaeffer 1924: 140; Brown 1942: 100.

Gonioctena nivosa arctica: Wilcox 1972: 22.

Gonioctena (Gonioctena) nivosa arctica: Riley et al. 2003: 44.

Gonioctena (Gonioctena) arctica : Bieńkowski 2004: 67; Kippenberg 2010: 432; Warchałowski 2010: 559; Yang et al. 2014: 360, 2015: 49.

Gonioctena salicis Motschulsky, 1860: 223 (type locality: Daourie); Marseul 1888: 42; L. N. Medvedev 1982: 252 (as synonym of Gonioctena affinis ), 2006b: 416 (as synonym of Gonioctena affinis ).

Phytodecta salicis : Kraatz 1879b: 136; Jacobson 1901: 128.

Phytodecta (Phytodecta) salicis : Weise 1916: 179; Winkler 1930: 1296; Chen 1935: 128.

Phytodecta nivosa var. rufula Kraatz, 1879a: 55 (type locality: Tyrol); Weise 1884: 501; Marseul 1888: 45 (as synonym of Gonioctena nivosa ).

Phytodecta nivosa var. rufulus : Achard 1924: 32.

Phytodecta affinis var. clythroides Gradl, 1882: 331 (type locality: Tirol).

Phytodecta nivosus ab. clytroides [sic!]: Weise 1916: 178 (as aberration of Gonioctena nivosa ).

Phytodecta nivosus var. clytroides [sic!]: Achard 1924: 33.

Phytodecta affinis var. marginata Gradl, 1882: 331 (type locality: Tirol); Weise 1916: 178 (as aberration of Gonioctena nivosa ).

Phytodecta nivosus var. marginatus : Achard 1924: 33.

Phytodecta affinis var. nana Gradl, 1882: 330 (type locality: Tirol); Weise 1916: 178 (as aberration of Gonioctena nivosa ).

Phytodecta nivosus var. nanus : Achard 1924: 32.

Phytodecta affinis var. nigricollis Gradl, 1882: 331 (type locality: Tirol); Weise 1916: 178 (as aberration of Gonioctena nivosa ).

Phytodecta affinis var. octopunctata Gradl, 1882: 330 (type locality: Tirol); Weise 1916: 178 (as aberration of Gonioctena nivosa ).

Phytodecta nivosus var. octopunctatus : Achard 1924: 32.

Phytodecta affinis var. tyrolensis Gradl, 1882: 331 (type locality: Tirol); Weise 1916: 178 (as aberration of Gonioctena nivosa ).

Phytodecta nivosus var. tyrolensis : Achard 1924: 33.

Phytodecta nivosa var. aethiops Heyden, 1883: 53 (type locality: Stilfserjoch); Weise 1906: 561 (as aberration of Gonioctena nivosa ).

Phytodecta nivosus var. aethiops : Achard 1924: 33.

Phytodecta nivosa var. apicalis Heyden, 1883: 53 (type locality: Stilfserjoch); Weise 1906: 561 (as aberration of Gonioctena nivosa ).

Phytodecta nivosa var. eppelsheimi Weise, 1884: 501 (type locality: Stilfser); Marseul 1888: 45 (as synonym of Gonioctena nivosa ).

Phytodecta nivosus var. eppelsheimi : Achard 1924: 33.

Phytodecta nivosa var. funesta Weise, 1884: 501 (type locality: not indicated); Marseul 1888: 45 (as synonym of Gonioctena nivosa ).

Phytodecta nivosa var. personata Weise, 1884: 501 (type locality: Tirol); Marseul 1888: 45 (as synonym of Gonioctena nivosa ).

Phytodecta scutellaris Sahlberg, 1887: 55 nec Baly, 1862: 27 (type locality: Alaska, Porte Clarence); Brown 1942: 100 (as synonym of Gonioctena arctica ); Kippenberg 2010: 437 (as nomen dubium).

Phytodecta (Phytodecta) scutellaris : Weise 1916: 181; Winkler 1930: 1296.

Phytodecta nivosa var. ruficollis Weise, 1891: 160 (type locality: Brenner); Weise 1906: 561 (as aberration of Gonioctena nivosa ).

Phytodecta nivosus var. ruficollis : Achard 1924: 32.

Phytodecta linnaeana bergrothi Jacobson, 1901: 128 (type locality: Fl. Jenissej). syn. n.

Phytodecta (Phytodecta) linnaeanus var. bergrothi : Winkler 1930: 1295.

Phytodecta nivosa var. cedehensis Ronchetti, 1922: 89 (type locality: Monte Cevedale). syn. n.

Phytodecta affinis var. decaspilotus Achard, 1924: 32 (type locality: Norvège, Dowre); Winkler 1930: 1296 (as aberration of Gonioctena affinis ).

Gonioctena decaspilota : Silfverberg 1977: 94.

Phytodecta decaspilota : Kippenberg 1994: 84.

Gonioctena (Gonioctena) decaspilota : Warchałowski 1994: 103, 104 (incl. larva), 2003: 311; Lopatin et al. 2004: 121; L. N. Medvedev 2014: 36.

Phytodecta affinis var. hamatus Achard, 1924: 32 (type locality: Lapponia); Winkler 1930: 1296 (as aberration of Gonioctena affinis ).

Phytodecta nivosus var. immarginatus Achard, 1924: 33 (type locality: Helvetia); Winkler 1930: 1295 (as aberration of Gonioctena nivosa ).

Phytodecta (Phytodecta) nivosus var. immarginatus : Chen 1936: 86.

Phytodecta (Phytodecta) nivosus immarginatus: Chen 1935: 128.

Phytodecta linnaeanus var. simplex Achard, 1924: 31 nec Suffrian, 1858: 383 (type locality: Kureika). syn. n.

Phytodecta linnaeanus var. mutatus Achard, 1924: 31 (replacement name for Phytodecta linnaeanus var. simplex ). syn. n.

Phytodecta nivosa var. undulatus Pic, 1924: 27 (type locality: Alpes, Col du Pallet); Winkler 1930: 1295 (as aberration of Gonioctena nivosa ).

Phytodecta dinah Bechyně, 1948: 118, 123 (type locality: Siberia).

Gonioctena (Gonioctena) dinah : Gressitt and Kimoto 1963: 358, 361; L. N. Medvedev 1992: 575 (as synonym of Gonioctena affinis ); V. L. Medvedev 2004: 41; Kippenberg 2010: 433.

Phytodecta occidentalis : Bechyně 1948: 118, 124 (misidentification).

Gonioctena arctica alberta Brown, 1952: 340 (type locality: Alberta, Nordegg). syn. n.

Gonioctena nivosa alberta: Wilcox 1972: 22.

Gonioctena (Gonioctena) nivosa alberta: Riley et al. 2003: 44.

Type material.

Chrysomela affinis : Lectotype ♂ (UZIU), hereby designated, 168 // LECTOTYPUS Chrysomela affinis Gyllenhal, 1808 des. H.W. Cho 2014 // Gonioctena nivosa (Suffrian, 1851) det. H.W. Cho 2014. Paralectotypes: 1♂ (UZIU), 34; 1♀ (UZIU), Lappon., Schh. [= Lapponia, Schönherr]; 1♀ (UZIU), Bog. [= Carl Johan Bogeman]; 1♀ (UZIU), Lappon., Schh.; 1♀ (UZIU), Chrysomela affinis var., e. Lappon., Mannerheim; 2♀♀ (UZIU), gg. // Lappon., Schh.; 3♂♂, 3♀♀ (UZIU), no data; each specimen has a label, PARALECTOTYPUS Chrysomela affinis Gyllenhal, 1808 des. H.W. Cho 2014 // Gonioctena nivosa (Suffrian, 1851) det. H.W. Cho 2014. 1♀ (UZIU), 36 // Chrysomela affinis var., e. Lappon., Mannerheim; 1♂ (UZIU), 482 // Dej. [= Pierre F.M.A. Dejean]; 1♂, 2♀♀ (UZIU), Dej.; 1♀ (UZIU), no data; each specimen has a label, PARALECTOTYPUS Chrysomela affinis Gyllenhal, 1808 des. H.W. Cho 2014 // Gonioctena linnaeana (Schrank, 1781) det. H.W. Cho 2014.

Chrysomela nivosa : Lectotype ♂ (MLUH), hereby designated, 23950 ( Kärnten) // MLU Halle, WB Zoologie, S.-Nr. 7/1/8 // LECTOTYPUS Chrysomela nivosa Suffrian, 1851 des. H.W. Cho 2014. Paralectotypes: 1♂ (MLUH), 9930 (Switzerland) // MLU Halle, WB Zoologie, S.-Nr. 7/1/8; 1♂ (MLUH), 9931 (Switzerland) // MLU Halle, WB Zoologie, S.-Nr. 7/1/8; 1♂ (MLUH), 9932 (Switzerland) // MLU Halle, WB Zoologie, S.-Nr. 7/1/8; 1♂ (MLUH), 14692 ( Kärnten) // MLU Halle, WB Zoologie, S.-Nr. 7/1/8. Each paralectotype specimen has a type label: PARALECTOTYPUS Chrysomela nivosa Suffrian, 1851 des. H.W. Cho 2014.

Chrysomela stenomera : Type depository unknown.

Gonioctena arctica : Lectotype ♂ (MZHF), hereby designated, Kenai // Holmberg // Gonioctena arctica Mannerh. Kenai d.j. // LECTOTYPUS Gonioctena arctica Mannerheim, 1853 des. H.W. Cho 2014 // Gonioctena nivosa (Suffrian, 1851) det. H.W. Cho 2014. Paralectotypes: 5♂♂, 9♀♀ (MZHF), Kenai // Holmberg // PARALECTOTYPUS Gonioctena arctica Mannerheim, 1853 des. H.W. Cho 2014 // Gonioctena nivosa (Suffrian, 1851) det. H.W. Cho 2014.

Gonioctena salicis : Lectotype (designated by L. N. Medvedev, 2006b): ♂ (LMC), type // Gonioctena salicis Motsch. Sib. Armenia // Lectotypus Gonioctena salicis Motsch. L. Medvedev design. Paralectotypes: 2♂♂, 3♀♀ (LMC), Paralectotypus Gonioctena salicis Motsch. L. Medvedev design.; 1♂ (BMNH), Type Motsch. // Gonioctena salicis Motsch. Siberia orient. Type Motsch. Schaufuss Janson // Baly Coll. // Syntype // PA RALECTOTYPUS Gonioctena salicis Motschulsky, 1860 des. L.N. Medvedev 2006 // Gonioctena nivosa (Suffrian, 1851) det. H.W. Cho.

Phytodecta nivosa var. rufula : Type depository unknown (possibly in SDEI).

Phytodecta affinis var. clythroides : Syntype 1♂ (NMPC), 17 / 894. // Tirol, Coll. Gradl // TYPUS // Phytodecta nivosus TYPE ab. clytroides Gradl n. a. 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 103.

Phytodecta affinis var. marginata : Syntypes 1♂ (NMPC), 17 / 896. // Tirol, Coll. Gradl // TYPUS // Phytodecta nivosus TYPE ab. marginatus Gradl 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 114; 1♀ (NMPC), 17 / 891. // Tirol, Coll. Gradl // COTYPE // Phytodecta nivosus COTYPE ab. marginatus Gradl 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 115; 1♀ (NMPC), 17 / 892. // Tirol, Coll. Gradl // COTYPE // Phytodecta nivosus COTYPE ab. marginatus Gradl 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 116; 1♂ (NMPC), 17 / 895. // Tirol, Coll. Gradl // COTYPE // Phytodecta nivosus COTYPE ab. marginatus Gradl 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 117; 1♀ (NMPC), 17 / 897. // Tirol, Coll. Gradl // COTYPE // Phytodecta nivosus COTYPE ab. marginatus Gradl 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 118; 1♀ (NMPC), 17 / 893. // Tirol, Coll. Gradl // COTYPE // Phytodecta nivosus COTYPE ab. marginatus Gradl 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 119; 1♀ (NMPC), 17 / 899. // Tirol, Coll. Gradl // COTYPE // Phytodecta nivosus COTYPE ab. marginatus Gradl 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 120; 1♀ (NMPC), 17 / 898. // Tirol, Coll. Gradl // COTYPE // Phytodecta nivosus COTYPE ab. marginatus Gradl 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 121.

Phytodecta affinis var. nana : Syntype 1♀ (NMPC), 17 / 884. // Tirol, Coll. Gradl // TYPUS // Phytodecta nivosus TYPE ab. nanus Gradl n. ab. 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 104.

Phytodecta affinis var. nigricollis : Syntype 1♀ (NMPC), 2 / 846 // Tirol, Coll. Gradl // TYPUS // Phytodecta nivosus Suffr. a. nigricollis Gradl TYPE 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 128.

Phytodecta affinis var. octopunctata : Syntypes 1♀ (NMPC), 17 / 262. // Tirol, Coll. Gradl // TYPUS // Phytodecta nivosus TYPE 8-punctatus Gradl n. ab. 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 107; 1♂ (NMPC), 23 / 953. // Tirol, Coll. Gradl // COTYPE // Phytodecta nivosus Suffr. COTYPE ab. 8-punctatus Gradl 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 108; 1♂ (NMPC), 17 / 263. // Tirol, Coll. Gradl // COTYPE // Phytodecta nivosus COTYPE ab. 8-punctatus Gradl 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 109.

Phytodecta affinis var. tyrolensis : Syntype 1♀ (NMPC), 17 / 890. // Tirol, Coll. Gradl // TYPUS // Phytodecta nivosus TYPE a. tyrolensis Gradl n. ab. 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 127.

Phytodecta nivosa var. aethiops : Type depository unknown (possibly in SDEI).

Phytodecta nivosa var. apicalis : Type depository unknown (possibly in SDEI).

Phytodecta nivosa var. eppelsheimi : Syntypes 1♂ (ZMHB), Stilfser Joch...[illegible] // stenomera Dufour, eppelsheimi m. // ex. coll. J. Weise; 1♂ (ZMHB), Brenner // Strasser // ex. coll. J. Weise; 1♂ (ZMHB), Stilfser Joch. Mts. Cristallo, v. Bodemeyer // ex. coll. J. Weise; 1♀ (ZMHB), nivosa , eppelsh . // ex. coll. J. Weise; 1♀ (ZMHB), ex. coll. J. Weise.

Phytodecta nivosa var. funesta : Type probably lost.

Phytodecta nivosa var. personata : Syntypes 1♂ (ZMHB), Tirol // v. personata // ex. coll. J. Weise; 1♀ (ZMHB), Savoyen, manuel // ex. coll. J. Weise; 2♂♂, 1♀ (ZMHB), ex. coll. J. Weise; 1♂ (SDEI), Tirol, Reitter // 323 // v. personata Weise.

Gonioctena scutellaris : Holotype ♂ (NHRS), Porte Clarence (Alaska) // Exped. Vega. // Spec. typ. // 206 // Typus // Gonioctena scutellaris J. Sahlb // NHRS-JLKB 000023152 // Gonioctena nivosa (Suffrian, 1851) det. H.W. Cho.

Phytodecta nivosa var. ruficollis : Syntype 1♀ (ZMHB), Brenner // Strasser // var. ruficollis // ex. coll. J. Weise.

Phytodecta linnaeana bergrothi: Lectotype ♂ (ZIN), hereby designated, Fl. Jenisej // J. Sahlb. // J. Sahlberg 900. // linnaeana bergrothi // LECTOTYPUS Phytodecta linnaeana bergrothi Jacobson, 1901 des. H.W. Cho 2014 // Gonioctena nivosa (Suffrian, 1851) det. H.W. Cho 2014.

Phytodecta nivosa var. cedehensis : Type probably in MSNM.

Phytodecta affinis var. decaspilotus : Syntype 1♀ (NMPC), Norv. Dowre ex coll. Donckier // Phytodecta affinis Sch! J. Achard det in Mars // Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense // TYPUS // Phytodecta affinis TYPE ab. decaspilotus Achard 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 085 // Gonioctena nivosa (Suffrian, 1851) det. H.W. Cho 2014.

Phytodecta affinis var. hamatus : Syntype 1♂ (NMPC), Lapponia // J. Sahlb. // Phytodecta s. str. affinis J. Achard det. // Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense // TYPUS // Phytodecta affinis TYPE ab. hamatus Achard 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 090 // Gonioctena nivosa (Suffrian, 1851) det. H.W. Cho 2014.

Phytodecta nivosus var. immarginatus : Syntypes 1♂ (NMPC), Helvetia // Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense // TYPUS // Phytodecta nivosus TYPE ab. immarginatus Achard 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 123; 1♂ (NMPC), Helvetia, Reitter. // Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense // COTYPE // Phytodecta nivosus COTYPE ab. immarginatus Achard 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 124; 1♂ (NMPC), Helvetia // Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense // COTYPE // Phytodecta nivosus COTYPE ab. immarginatus Achard 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 125.

Phytodecta linnaeanus var. simplex : Type probably lost.

Phytodecta nivosa var. undulata : Syntype 1♂ (MNHN), Col du Pallet // type // v. undulata Pic // TYPE // Museum Paris Coll. M. Pic // SYNTYPE Phytodecta viminalis var. undulata Pic, 1924.

Phytodecta dinah : Holotype ♂ (NMPC), Sibérie, coll. Donckier // Phytodecta dinah TYPUS n. sp. ♂ 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // TYPUS // Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 079 // Gonioctena (Gonioctena) dinah ( Bechyně) Det. S. GE 2004 // Gonioctena nivosa (Suffrian, 1851) det. H.W. Cho 2014.

Gonioctena arctica alberta: Holotype (CNCI), not examined. Paratypes 1♂ (CNCI), Glacier Park Mont., 23 July 1924 // PARATYPE Gonioctena arctica alberta Brown, No. 6006; 1♀ (CNCI), Nordegg, Alta., 10.VI.1921, J. McDunnough // PARATYPE Gonioctena arctica alberta Brown, No. 6006.

Phytodecta flavicornis var. limbatipennis : Syntype 1♀ (NMPC), Schlüsseljoch [= Allemagne] // Germania Reitter // TYPUS // Phytodecta flavicornis TYPE ab. limbatipennis Ach. 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 18 906 // Gonioctena flavicornis (Suffrian, 1851) det. H.W. Cho 2013.

Phytodecta nivosa var. bicolor : Syntypes 2♀♀ (SDEI), 507. // Engadin, Strl // Phytodecta nivosa var. bicolor Heyden, 1883 // Gonioctena flavicornis (Suffrian, 1851) det. H.W. Cho 2014.

Other material.

Norway: 1♂, 2♀♀ (NHMB), Umg. Tromso, Norwegen; 1♂, 1♀ (NHMB), J. Schneider, Tromso // Ovoviviparous, det. H.W. Cho 2014; 1♀ (NHMB), Ivalo, Finland; 1♀ (BMNH), N Norway: Arnoy, VI.-VII.1958, P.J.M. Greenslade, B.M. 1969-168.; 1♀ (AWC), Norvegia, ad Tromso, 1898; 1♂ (NMPC), Norge, 7.13; 1♂ (NMPC), Norv. Dowre // Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 086. Sweden: 1♂ (NMPC), Lpl. Abisko, 21.VI.-2.VII.1948, T.Palm leg.; 1♂ (BMNH), Lapland. S. of Riksgransen, Vindskydd [= Karsatjakko], 800-900 m. VII–VIII.1957 // N. SWEDEN: B.G. Gardiner. B.M.1957-657; 1♂ (SDEI), Lappland, Kvikkjokk, 24.VI.-7.VII.1901, Thurau S. Finland: 1♂ (ZMHB), Halssch. Eppelsh. // ex. coll. J. Weise; 1♂ (MZHF), Fl. Nuorti, Envald; 1♀ (MZHF), Petsamo, Hellén; 1♂ (SDEI), Lac. Inari // Thuneberg // Finland; 1♀ (NMPC), Ivalo // Thuneberg // Finland // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 088; 1♂ (NMPC), Syd-Varanger // Fennia // Krogerus // Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense // TYPUS // Phytodecta affinis TYPE ab. fennicus n. ab. 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 089; 1♀ (TLMF), Utsjoki, leg. Hellén; 1♂ (TLMF), Kilpisjärvi, leg. V. Löfgren; 1♂ (TLMF), Kevo, 23.VI.1989. France: 4♂♂ (MNHN), Parc National de la Vanoise, 16.VII.1897; 1♀ (NMPC), Berarde - 1925, Hautes - Alpes, Ga. ing. Jedlička; 1♂ (TLMF), Massif du Mt. Cenis, la Petit Turra, 2500m, 22.VII.2003, leg. Knapp; 1♂ (TLMF), Vanoise, Pralognan, Ref. du Grd. Bec, 2400m, 19.VII.2002, leg. Knapp; 1♂, 1♀ (TLMF), Haute Maurienne, Bonval, Sentier Balcon, 2600m, 27.VII.2003, leg. Knapp; 1♀ (TLMF), Col de la Bonette, 2500m, 26.VII.1977, leg. Kippenberg; 1♂ (TLMF), F/73 Savoie, Haute, Maurienne, Bonval, Sentier Balcon 2600 m, 27.VII.2003, leg. Knapp. Switzerland: 1♂, 4♀♀ (NHMB), Vals, Switzerland, VII-1925; 1♂, 1♀ (NHMB), Vals, Switzerland, 11.VII.1925; 3♂♂, 2♀♀ (NHMB), Vals, Tomül, Switzerland, 11.VII.1908; 3♂♂, 1♀ (NHMB), Switzerland, Val Tasna, Engadin, 12.VII.1949, W. Schlier; 3♂♂, 1♀ (NHMB), GR Sur, Alp Flix CH, Val Savriez, Plan Bel, 2400 m, 771.8/154.5, 20.VI.2002, leg. W. Marggi; 1♂ (ABC), Mt. Rosa. W. Bohmlander // Helvetia mer.; 5♂♂ (BMNH), Arolla, Switz. G.C.C. // G.C. Champion Coll. B.M. 1927-409; 1♂ (AWC), Helvetia (Wallis), mons Eggis-Horn, leg. B. Malkin; 1♂ (NMPC), Val. Piora (Switzerland), E. 6. 08; 1♀ (TLMF), Churfirsten, Brisi, 2260m, 27.VI.2004, leg. Kapp; 1♀ (TLMF), Unterwalden: Susten-Pass, 2200-2400m, 23.VII.1991, leg. Hiermeier; 7♂♂, 4♀♀ (TLMF), Umbrail-Pass, 2500-2700m, 4.IX.1974, leg. Kippenberg; 2♂♂, 1♀ (TLMF), Umbrail-Pass, 2300-2500m, 16.VIII.1975, leg. Kippenberg; 1♀ (TLMF), Stilfser Joch, 2700m, 6.IX.1986, leg. Kippenberg; 1♂ (TLMF), Albula-Pass, 2000-2200m, 6.VI.1993, leg. Kippenberg; 1♂ (TLMF), Greina-Ebene, 2300m, 5.V.1988, leg. W. Marggi; 1♂ (TLMF), Greina-Gebiet, 2500m, VII.1988, leg. W. Marggi; 1♂ (TLMF), Greina-Süd, Alp Motterascio 2200m, VII.1988, leg. W. Marggi; 1♂ (TLMF), Oberalp-Pass, 2100-2200m, 23.VII.1991, leg. Hiermeier; 1♀ (TLMF), Furka-Pass, 2450m, 30.VII.1982, leg. Kippenberg; 1♂, 1♀ (TLMF), Vispertinem, Gebidem, Nanztal, 2400m, 23.VI.2002, leg. W. Marggi; 1♀ (TLMF), Zinal, Come de Borebois, 2800m, 25.VI.2002, leg. Gollkowski; 1♂, 2♀♀ (TLMF), Grimsel-Pass, 2180m, 26.IX.1990, leg. I. Wolf. Austria: 1♂ (NHMB), Austria, Tilisuna See, Montafon, 18-2200 m, leg. Dr. Mandl, VII.1954; 1♂, 1♀ (ABC), Bachlenke Troyer Tal hochalpin // Osttirol Holdhaus; 1♀ (SDEI), Austria: S Ferleiten (Hohe Tauern), 47°07 ’27’’ N, 12°49 ’17’’ E, 18.VII.1999, 2300 m, leg. C. Lange & J. Ziegler; 2♂♂ (SDEI), 1♂ (TLMF), Austria: Salzb., Hohe Tauern, Fusch, 2300 m, 6.VII.1993, leg. Zerche; 1♀ (NMPC), Tirol // Collectio A. Fleischer // TYPUS // Phytodecta nivosus TYPE ab. latefasciatus n. ab. 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 136; 1♀ (NMPC), Rhaetia // Collectio A. Fleischer // TYPUS // Phytodecta nivosus TYPE ab. limitata n. ab. 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 126; 1♀ (NMPC), 17 / 889. // Tirol, coll. Gradl // Phytodecta nivosus Suffr. 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 091; 1♀ (NMPC), 17 / 885. // Tirol, coll. Gradl // Phytodecta nivosus TYPE ab. excisus n. ab. 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19; 7♂♂, 5♀♀ (ZMUC), Österreich, Triol, Ötztaler, Alpen: Vent 7 km S, Umg. Martin-Busch-Hutte (2700 m, feuchtes Schotterfeld, saß auf Stein), 01.VII.2008, leg. D. Luckow; 1♀ (TLMF), Ulmer Hütte, 30.VI.1928, leg Ratter; 1♂ (TLMF), Kühtai, Feldringer Alm, 25.VI.2006, leg. M. Egger; 1♂ (TLMF), Ötztal, Chemnitzer Hütte, 2600m, 2.IX.1951; 1♂, 1♀ (TLMF), Ötztal, Kreuzspitze, 3000m, 5.VIII.1948; 1♂ (TLMF), Ötztal, Obergurgl, Gaisbergtal, 2200-2400m, 17.IX.1997, leg. Kippenberg; 1♀ (TLMF), Nößlachjoch, 2100m, 28.IX.1975, leg. K. Burmann; 1♂ (TLMF), Hohe Tauern, Innergschlöß, Prager Hütte, 2300-2400m, 5.IX.1983, leg. Kippenberg; 2♀♀ (TLMF), Hohe Tauern, Kals, Ködnitztal, Fanatscharte, 2600-2700m, 3.IX.1985, leg. Kippenberg; 1♀ (TLMF), Hohe Tauern, Matrei, Tauernhaus, 11.VII.1991, leg. M. Egger; 1♂ (TLMF), Schladminger Tauern, Steirische Kalkspitze, 2200m, 15.VIII.1986, leg. Kippenberg; 1♂ (TLMF), Hohe Tauern, Heiligenblut, Pasterzenhaus, 2200m, 10.VII.1993, leg. Zerche. Italy: 2♂♂, 2♀♀ (JBC), Italy, Val d’Ayas (Aosta), 12.VII.1978, S Zoia; 1♂ (ABC), Vinschgau. Ti.G.Kuchta // Italien S.-Tirol; 1♂ (TLMF), I-Cuneo, Alpi Cozie, Colle dell’Agnello, leg. Kahlen // S-Seite 2700 m, 20.VI.2000, Schneeboeen, Salix herbacea -Rasen; 1♂ (SDEI), Lombardia, Val Brembana, Lago Colombo, L. Ceresa // coll. K. H. Mohr, DEI Eberswalde; 1♂ (SDEI), Fiery d’Ayas, Val d’Aosta, VII.1910, A. Dodera // O. Leonhard; 1♂ (SDEI), Italy, Sudtirol, 5.VII.1928, Linke leg.; 1♀ (DBET), Stelvio; 1♀ (NMPC), Alpy Penninske. Italia; 1♂ (NMPC), Stelvio Ti, 15.7.05 // TYPUS // Phytodecta nivosus TYPE ab. marginipennis n. ab. 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 134; 5♂♂ (ZMUC), Italien, Lombardia: Stilfser Joch (P. so di Stelvio) 1,5 km NW (Ri. Umbrailpass) (2600 m, Mattenbereich, viel Schnee, unter einem Stein) leg. D. Luckow, 12.VI.2008.102; 2♀♀ (TLMF), Umgebung Brenner, Schlüsseljoch, 25.VI.1964, leg. Kippenberg; 1♀ (TLMF), Cogne, Valnontey, Rif. V. Sella, Lago del Loson, 2660m, 8.VII.2002, leg. Kopetz; Valle d’Aosta; 1♀ (TLMF), Piccolo S. Bernardo, 2100m, 29.VI.1976, leg. Krätschmer; 1♀ (TLMF), Picc. S. Bernardo, 2100m, 13.VI.1981, leg. Kippenberg; 4♂♂ (TLMF), Alpie Cozie, Colle dell’ Agnello, 2700m, leg. Kahlen, Salix herbacea -Rasen; 1♀ (TLMF), Colle del Mulo, 2400m, VII.1968. Slovenia: 1♂ (AWC), Slovenia, Alpi Julian. Cervinia, 7.VII.1970. Russia: 1♀ (NHMB), Tschita, Transbaikal, Mandi // Ovoviviparous, det. H.W. Cho 2014; 1♂ (NHMB), Vladivostok, Russia, 1933, N. Filippov; 2♂♂ (NHMB), Russia, Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District, Maimecha River, 7.VII.1971; 2♂♂ (JBC), Russia, Altai rep., Kalguty & Ak-Alacha junction Ukok plateau, 2150-2500 m, 49°23'N, 87°38 –40’ E, 8-12.VII.2009, L. Čížek leg.; 5♂♂ (ABC), Russia, Tuva, S. Slopes of E. Tanu-Ola Mts., envir. Soglyi vill., 1800-2700 m, 14.V.-24.VI.2002, Vashchenko leg.; 1♂ (ABC), Subpolar Ural Mts., Northern Maldy ridge, 1-18.VII.2000, A.A. Medvedev; 1♂ (ABC), Transbaikal Krai, Kodarsky ridge, 40 km NW from Chara Vill., 16-25.VII.1996, A.E. Brinev leg.; 1♂ (ABC), Murmansk reg., Tuloma river and Not-lake, 4-6.VIII.1906, Soldatov leg.; 3♂♂, 1♀ (HCC), Russia, S Siberia, SW Tuva reg., W Tannu Ola Mt. mg., Sogly v., 2000 m, 5.VII.2003, S. Vastchenko leg.; 1♀ (HCC), Yakutia, Chandyga distr., 7/93; 1♂ (FKC), Russia, S Siberia, SW Tuva reg., S Tannu-Ola Mts. 1800 m, 14.V.2002; 1♂ (FKC), USSR-Tungur, Gorno altaysk, 5.VII.1990, V. Lenserk lgt.; 1♂ (LMC), Kamchatka, 22.VI.1958, L. Ivliev coll.; 1♂ (SDEI), Altai // COTYPUS // Coll. Kraatz // Phytodecta affinis v. pernigra m.; 1♂ (AWC), Russia (Sib. Occ.), Kuznetzky Alatau, Malyj Zub, 31.VII.1996, leg. J. Mikhailov; 1♂ (AWC), Russia, W. Siberia, Kuznetsky Alatau mts., Malyj Zub mt. On Salix , 31. VII– 1.VIII.1996, Yu. Mikhailov leg.; 13♂♂, 14♀♀ (TLMF), Yakutien, Chandyga, VII.1993, leg. Naglis; 1♀ (TLMF), Amur region, Selemdgin distr., Tamsche, 7.VI.2005, leg. Ryvkin & Veselova; 2♂♂, 1♀ (TLMF), Chabarowsk region, Ochotsk, Ulia river, 29.VII.-6.VIII.1985, leg. Ryvkin & Veselova; 1♂ (TLMF), SW Tuva, W Tanu-Ola Mts., near Solglyi vill., 2000-2800m, 13.V.-1.VI.2003, leg. Vashchenko; 1♂ (TLMF), Tuva, Chandagayt, 10.VII.1971; 2♂♂ (TLMF), Tuva, 80km S Taly, 23-26.VI.1972, leg. Korotyaev; 1♂ (ZIN), Fl. Jenisej // J. Sahlb. // 1274 // J. Sahlberg 900. // linnaeana bergrothi v. correspondens // Gonioctena nivosa (Suffrian, 1851) det. H.W. Cho 2014; 1♂ (ZIN), Russia, Khabarovsk Krai, Shantar Islands, 22.VII.1911, V. Soldatov leg.; 2♂♂ (ZIN), Russia, border of Irkutsk Oblast and Republic of Buryatia, approx. 51-52°N, 101-102°E, between the rivers Kitoy, Bogdashka and Belaya, 20.V.1973, Gartung leg.; 1♂ (ZIN), Russia, Murmansk Oblast, Kildin Island, 29.VII.1900, Il’in leg.; 1♂ (ZIN), Russia, Republic of Tuva, 80 km N Teeli, 25.VI.1972, B. Korotyaev leg.; 2♂♂ (ZIN), Ochotsk // F. Sahlb // J. Sahlberg 900; 1♂ (ZIN), Russia: Altai Kuray Mt. R., NE Aktash, upp. Tarlyamry R., 50°19 ’10’’ N, 87°45 ’14’’ E, 2100-2300 m, 30.VI.2005, B. Kataev leg.; 1♂ (ZIN), Russia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Nizhnyaya Tunguska River, upper than Vivi River mouth, 28.VII.1873, Chekanovsky leg.; 1♂ (ZIN), Russia, Amur Oblast, Zeyskiy District, upper of Erakingra River, on Tukuringra Mountains, 19.VI.1957, Zinoviev leg.; 1♂ (ZIN), Russia, Amur Oblast, Zeyskiy District or Magdagachinsky District, Ulunga River, 25.V.1910, Mishin leg.; 2♂♂ (ZIN), Russia, Murmansk Oblast, Kolsky District, Notozero Lake and Tuloma River, 4-6.VIII.1906, Soldatov leg.; 1♂ (ZIN), Russia, Murmansk Oblast, Kolsky District, Nota [= Noti] River, 28.VII.1906, Soldatov leg.; 1♂ (ZIN), Russia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Evenkiysky District, Podkamennaya Tunguska River, Big (7-verst) rapids, approx. 61N 94E, 20.VI.1928, Valdaev leg.; 2♂♂ (ZIN), Russia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Evenkiysky District, Podkamennaya Tunguska River, Muchnoi rapids, 61.81N, 94.43E, 25.VI.1928, Valdaev leg.; 2♂♂ (ZIN), Russia, Komi Republic, Troitsko-Pechorsky District, Aranets River, 25-26.VI.1905, Zhuravskiy leg.; 1♂ (ZIN), Russia, Komi Republic, Troitsko-Pechorsky District, Bolshaya Synya River, Mount. “Voi”, Sablya, “Izb.”, 16.VI.1908, Zhuravsky leg.; 1♂ (ZIN), Russia, Sakha Republic, Verkhoyansky District, tundra along river Dogdo, Yana River basin, 16-18.VI.1901, Hertz leg.; 1♂ (ZIN), Russia, Sakha Republic, 17.VII.1925, L. Bianki leg.; 3♂♂, 1♀ (ZIN), Russia, Tyumen Oblast, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Priuralsky District, Sob’ River basin, Obdorskiy Krai, 15.VII.1925, Fridolin leg.; 1♂ (ZIN), Russia, Tyumen Oblast, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Shuryshkarsky District, between Varchaty Lake and Maly Ural Mountains, Obdorskiy Krai, 4.IX.1925, Fridolin leg.; 1♂ (ZIN), Russia, Sakhalin Oblast, Sakhalin Island, Holmsky pass (approx. 47°N, 142°E), 1.VII.1982, Smirnov leg. Kazakhstan: 1♂ (JBC), Kazakhstan, East, 2300-2500 m, 49°30'N, 86°22'E, 13-14.VI.2006; 1♂ (TLMF), Ussuria, ad chasan, 42°25'N, 130°45'E, 1-8.VII.2000, Melnik; 1♂ (TLMF), RU: Sibirien, E-Sayan 54 km west, Mondy, 8.VII.2012, 1900 m, St. FloBmann leg.; 1♂, 1♀ (TLMF), Kazakhstan, Altaj, Sarym-Sakty, 2500 m, 11.VI.1999, leg. Vashchenko; 2♂♂, 2♀♀ (TLMF), 100km SSE Ust-Kamenogorsk, Panteleymonovka vill., 16-21.VI.1993, leg. A. Napolov. Mongolia: 1♂ (ZIN), Mongolia, NE, Khentii Mountains, Rivers Manza and Sharotay, 19.VII.1897, Klementz leg. Canada: 1♂ (ABC), Aklavik, N.W.T., 24.VI.1956, E.F. Cashman leg.; 2♂♂ (CNCI), ALB., Banff Nat. Pk. Sunwapta Pass, 9.VII.1955, W.J. Brown; 6♂♂, 5♀♀ (CNCI), Reindeer Depot, Mackenzie Delta, 28.VI.1948, W.J. Brown; 20♂♂, 5♀♀ (CNCI), Aklavik, N.W.T., 16.VI.1956, E.F. Cashman; 2♂♂, 1♀ (CNCI), Saw Mill Bay, N.W.T., 16.VI.1948, D.F. Hardwick // on willow; 11♂♂, 7♀♀ (CNCI), Churchill. Man., 3.VII.1937, W.J. Brown // On Salix ; 2♀♀ (CNCI), Toad River, B.C. Mi440 Alaska Hwy, 19.VI.1959, 4500' R.E. Leech; 6♂♂, 1♀ (CNCI), Kluane, Y.T., 28.VII.1948, Mason & Hughes; 1♂, 3♀♀ (CNCI), North Richardson Mts. Yukon, VII.1982, On Salix m. polaris , D.M. Wood; 4♂♂, 2♀♀ (CNCI), Y.T., British Mts. June Cr. 600 m, 69°14'N, 140°08'W, J.M. Campbell; 1♂, 1♀ (CNCI), Banff Natl. Pk., Alta, 9.VII.1955, W.J. Brown // On Salix . United States: 9♂♂, 11♀♀ (CNCI), Moose Pass, Kenai Pen., 30.VI.1951, W.J. Brown; 3♂♂, 6♀♀ (CNCI), Paxon Lodge, Gulkana, Alaska, 4.VIII.1951, W.R.M. Mason; 2♂♂, 3♀♀ (CNCI), Summit Lake, B.C. Mi392 Alaska Hwy, 26-27.VI.1959, 4500' R.E. Leech; 1♂ (CNCI), Niwot Ridge, COLO. nr. Ward, 11,500', 4.VI.1961, W.R.M. Mason; 1♂ (TLMF), USA - Alaska, Fairbanks, 3.VIII.2009, K. Renner // Murphy Dome, 870 m, Shrubs; 1♂ (ZMUC), Colo. Morr. // Col. H. H. Meeske // Zool. Museum DK Copenhagen. Uncertain localities: 1♀ (NMPC), Alpes // Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense // TYPUS // Phytodecta nivosus TYPE a. vicinus n. ab. 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat Pragae lnv. 18 113; 1♂ (NMPC), Alpes // nivosus v. trinotatus m. // Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense // TYPUS // Phytodecta nivosus TYPE ab. trinotatus [Achard i. l.] n. ab. 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 105; 1♂ (NMPC), Alpes // Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense // TYPUS // Phytodecta nivosus TYPE ab. hexangularis n. ab. 1945 Det. J. Bechyně. // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 106; 1♂ (NMPC), N America // Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. 19 081.

Diagnosis.

Gonioctena nivosa differs in having small body size, long antennae, first tarsomere of all legs in male much strongly swollen, aedeagus moderately narrowed apically in dorsal view and strongly curved in lateral view.

Redescription.

Measurements in mm (n = 10): length of body: 4.05-6.00 (mean 5.19); width of body: 2.25-3.60 (mean 3.03); height of body: 1.50-2.50 (mean 2.10); width of head: 1.30-1.65 (mean 1.51); interocular distance: 0.90-1.17 (mean 1.06); width of apex of pronotum: 1.55-1.87 (mean 1.72); width of base of pronotum: 1.92-2.85 (mean 2.51); maximum width of pronotum: 1.97-2.85 (mean 2.49); length of pronotum along midline: 1.02-1.47 (mean 1.29); length of elytra along suture: 2.90-4.40 (mean 3.77).

Body oblong oval and moderately convex (Fig. 7). Coloration extremely variable. Head black. Mandibles black, with reddish brown band near apex. Maxillary palps reddish brown or dark brown, with apical palpomere black. Antennomeres 1-5 yellowish brown, partially darkened, 6-7 darkened, 8-11 dark brown or blackish brown. Pronotum entirely black or reddish brown with a large black marking, rarely entirely reddish brown (Figs 31-32). Scutellum black, rarely entirely reddish brown. Elytra entirely black or reddish brown, with or without 4-5 pairs of black spots. Venter black, with hypomera reddish brown or black and apical margin of last abdominal ventrite reddish brown. Legs black, with tibiae reddish brown except base and inner margin and tarsi blackish brown or reddish brown, sometimes legs entirely black to dark brown.

Head. Vertex weakly convex, covered with dense punctures. Frontal suture V-shaped, coronal suture weak or absent. Frons flat, strongly depressed at anterior margin, covered with dense punctures. Clypeus narrow and trapezoidal. Anterior margin of labrum distinctly concave. Mandibles with 2 sharp apical teeth and a deep excavation for apical maxillary palpomere at outer side. Maxillary palps 4-segmented, with apical palpomere distinctly widened, truncate apically in male; slightly widened in female. Antennae in male longer than half length of body; antennomere 1 robust; antennomere 2 shorter than 3; antennomere 3 longer than 4; antennomeres 7-11 each distinctly longer than wide; antennomere 11 longest, about 2.68 times as long as wide (Fig. 29). Antennae in female reaching elytral humeri; antennomere 11 about 2.31 times as long as wide.

Pronotum. Lateral sides widest near base, roundly moderately narrowed anteriorly, anterior angles strongly produced (Fig. 8). Anterior and lateral margins bordered, lateral margins not or hardly visible in dorsal view. Trichobothria present on posterior angles. Disc covered with rather dense punctures; lateral sides covered with much coarser and denser punctures, becoming larger toward base, partially confluent near basal margin; interspaces covered with fine and sparse punctures. Scutellum slightly wider than long, narrowed posteriorly.

Elytra. Lateral sides moderately widened posteriorly, widest beyond middle, thence roundly narrowed posteriorly. Humeral calli well developed. Disc covered with 11 regular rows of large punctures, including a short scutellar row; sometimes punctures rather irregular between 6th and 8th striae in apical half; interspaces shagreened, covered with fine and sparse punctures. Epipleura wholly visible in lateral view. Hind wings well developed.

Venter. Hypomera weakly rugose, with a few punctures near anterolateral corners of prosternum. Prosternum covered with coarse and dense punctures bearing long setae; prosternal process enlarged apically, bordered laterally, with sparse punctures. Metasternum covered with small and sparse punctures in median region, large and dense punctures in lateral region. Abdominal ventrites covered with moderately dense punctures bearing short setae.

Legs. Moderately robust. Tibiae widened apically, with a tooth-like projection. Fore legs with tarsomere 1 strongly enlarged, distinctly wider than 3 in male; very slightly narrower than 3 in female. Tarsal claws appendiculate.

Genitalia. Aedeagus moderately narrowed apically, with apical process rather short in dorsal view; strongly curved, with apical process pointed and slightly bent downward at apex in lateral view (Fig. 30). Spermatheca absent.

Distribution.

Transholarctic species: Austria, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Norway, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Mongolia, Russia (North European Territory, West & East Siberia, Far East, Sakhalin), Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Yukon), United States (Alaska, Montana).

Host plant.

Salicaceae : Salix spp. ( Mannerheim 1853, Motschulsky 1860, Stål 1865, Brown 1942, Wilcox 1972, L. N. Medvedev and Zaytsev 1978, L. N. Medvedev and Roginskaya 1988, L. N. Medvedev 1992, L. N. Medvedev and Dubeshko 1992, Steinhausen 1994, Bieńkowski 2004, Zaytsev and L. N. Medvedev 2009); Salix retusa ( Reitter 1913, Cantonnet 1968, Kippenberg 1994); Salix retusa , Salix herbacea ( Daccordi et al. 1991); Salix spp., Salix bebbiana ( Clark et al. 2004). Rosaceae : Spiraea spp. (L. N. Medvedev and Roginskaya 1988, L. N. Medvedev 1992).

Remarks.

The taxonomic status of Gonioctena nivosa , and its relationships to Gonioctena affinis and Gonioctena arctica has been disputed for a long time. Kraatz (1879a) treated Gonioctena arctica as a synonym of Gonioctena nivosa . Székessy (1934) synonymized Gonioctena arctica and Gonioctena nivosa with Gonioctena affinis , while Bechyně (1948) established them as distinct species. Mohr (1966) regarded Gonioctena affinis and Gonioctena nivosa as phylogenetically young group that are almost identical. Wilcox (1972) treated Gonioctena arctica as a subspecies of Gonioctena nivosa . However, Chrysomela affinis Gyllenhal, 1808 is a junior homonym of Chrysomela affinis Fabricius, 1787, therefore Silfverberg (1977) proposed the name Gonioctena decaspilota as the oldest available name. He again treated Gonioctena decaspilota and Gonioctena nivosa as distinct species. All these taxa have been confused until now by many authors (see list above). After examining all type specimens of the discussed taxa and many other specimens from the Holarctic region we conclude that all these taxa are conspecific. The shape of body and aedeagi from Europe, Siberia, Far East and North America are identical, although aedeagi and color patterns slightly vary even within the same population (Figs 31-54). Three type localities of Gonioctena nivosa are given in the original description: Kärnten, Berner Alpen and Switzerland. Due to the designation of lectotype, the restricted type locality becomes “Kärnten [= Carinthia in Austria]" ( ICZN 1999: Recommendation 74E). Six paralectotypes of Chrysomela affinis Gyllenhal, 1808 belong to Gonioctena linnaeana (Schrank, 1781).

We examined the type of Phytodecta linnaeana bergrothi and found it is conspecific with Gonioctena nivosa . Phytodecta linnaeana bergrothi has been misidentified since its original description and is here synonymized with Gonioctena nivosa . The name Phytodecta linnaeanus bergrothi var. simplex published by Jacobson (1901 b) is infrasubspecific. It is available from Achard (1924) who first used it for a variety of species, Phytodecta linnaeanus var. simplex ( ICZN 1999: Article 45.5.1). However, this name and its incorrectly proposed replacement name Phytodecta linnaeanus var. mutatus are removed from synonymy with Gonioctena linnaeana and are synonymized with Gonioctena nivosa based on the original description. Phytodecta nivosa var. cedehensis is for the Alpine specimen having black elytra with a large yellow marking at tip and is synonymized with Gonioctena nivosa .

We also examined the types of Phytodecta nivosa var. bicolor Heyden, 1883 and Phytodecta flavicornis var. limbatipennis Achard, 1924 and found that they are conspecific with Gonioctena flavicornis (Suffrian, 1851). Therefore, they are removed from synonymy with Gonioctena nivosa and are synonymized with Gonioctena flavicornis .

Several larvae were dissected from the female specimens collected in Norway and Transbaikalia, therefore this species is ovoviviparous (Fig. 67). The previous record of the occurrence of ovoviviparity by Notman (1921) is based on misidentified Gonioctena notmani (Schaeffer, 1924).