Frutillaria edenensis Richards

Kits, Joel H. & Marshall, Stephen A., 2011, A revision of Frutillaria Richards and Penola Richards (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae: Archiborborinae), Zootaxa 2863, pp. 1-34 : 15-16

Frutillaria edenensis Richards

( Figs. 26–28 , 77, 78, 83 , 112 )

Frutillaria edenensis Richards, 1961: 67

Description. Length 2.0–2.4 mm (head + thorax 1.0–1.1 mm).

Occiput black, face orange, gena and frons intermediately coloured. Frons with shiny spots lateral to ocellar triangle. Scape and first flagellomere orange, pedicel blackish dorsally, orange ventrally. Clypeus mostly yellow, prementum brown to dark brown.

Thorax black, postalar callus sometimes reddish, wing rudiment brown. Mesoscutum and scutellum entirely covered with microtomentum. Anepisternum with microtomentum along anterior and posterior margins and covering dorsal third. Katepisternum with a shiny spot behind coxa, not extending toward bristle; posterior part below bristle, meron and metapleuron shiny with exception of a stripe of microtomentum between posterior thoracic spiracle and base of hind coxa. Laterotergite with a very small ventral shiny spot.

Legs black, tarsi, trochanters, and joints orange, fore coxa black; hind tarsomeres may be dark brown dorsally. Fore femur covered with microtomentum. Mid femur with 2 anterior bristles.

Male abdomen ( Figs. 26–68 ): Tergites 1–5 covered with microtomentum, narrowly shiny along margins. Sternites 2–4 shiny, sternite 5 with sparse microtomentum. Ring-shaped sclerite present. Accessory sclerite of synsternite 6+7 attached with a thin band. Surstylus with a broad basal section and thin inner arm, outer corner sharply angled but not produced. Postgonite bilobed, both lobes long and thin. Epiphallus and preepiphallus well-developed, epiphallus laterally expanded. Distiphallus with lateral arm narrow and pointed at tip; central projecting sclerite subtended on a thin band from base of distiphallus, complex, frilled and ridged, with a pair of incurved prongs dorsally at tip.

Female abdomen ( Figs. 77, 78, 83 ): Tergites 1–6 covered with microtomentum, narrowly shiny along margins. Tergite 7 shiny on anterior half with microtomentum on posterior half. Tergite 8 shiny with some microtomentum along posterior margin. Sternite 2 shiny, sternites 3–4 with sparse microtomentum, sternites 5–6 mostly covered with microtomentum with margins shiny, sternite 7 mostly shiny with microtomentum along posterior margin. Tergite 8 complete, epiproct with parallel sides and poorly developed anterior arms. Sclerites of sternite 8 round, hypoproct with a pair of sclerotized discs. Spermathecae with basal invagination consisting of a basal sheath of several rings and apical rounded cap; no apical invagination, but variably pointed apically.

Type material. Holotype 3: CHILE: [Los Lagos:] Chiloé Is., San Pedro, 42ºS, Oct 1958, [G. Kuschel] ( MEUC, apparently lost). Paratypes: no data, thought by Richards (1961) to be Chiloé Is., Oct 1958, G. Kuschel (4 3, BMNH, 2 examined); Magallanes: Wellington Is., Puerto Edén, 49°S, 850 m, 8 Dec 1958, [G. Kuschel] (1 3, BMNH, not examined).

Other material examined. CHILE: Aisén: Queulat Pass, 40 km N Puerto Cisnes, mossy beech forest, carrion trap, 500 m, 30 Dec 1984 – 28 Jan 1985, S. & J. Peck (1 3, DEBU); Río Grande, 16 km NW Cisne Medio, mature beech forest, carrion trap, 200 m, 30 Dec 1984 – 28 Jan 1985, S. & J. Peck (1 3, 1 Ƥ, DEBU); Los Lagos: Chiloé Is., Ancud, Aug 1958, L. Peña (1 Ƥ, DEBU); Chiloé Is., Miraflores, road to, 0.6 km W Hwy 5, 42 °46'42"S 73°47'42"W, 130 m, secondary Valdivian rainforest, FMHD #97-25, berlese, leaf & log litter, 17 Jan 1997, A.F. Newton & M.K. Thayer (2 3, FMNH); Chiloé Is., Miraflores, road to, 0.6 km W Ruta 5, 42 °46'44"S 73°47'42"W, 130 m, secondary Valdivian rainforest w/few conifers, FMHD #2002-076, carrion trap (octopus), 12–21 Dec 2002, M.K. Thayer & A.F. Newton (2 3, FMNH); as above but FMHD #2002-077, berlese, leaf & log litter, 12 Dec 2002, A.F. Newton & M.K. Thayer (1 3, FMNH); Chiloé Is., Lago Huillinco, S side, road to Bellavista, 1.3 km S road to Cucao, 42°41'49"S 73°55'53"W, 45 m, Valdivian rainforest w/emergent Saxegothaea conspicua , FMHD #2002- 0 74, berlese, leaf & log litter, 12 Dec 2002, M.K. Thayer & A.F. Newton (1 3, FMNH); Alerce Andino Natl. Pk., tr. to Laguna Fria, 41°30’S 72°37’W, dung & carrion pans, 400 m, 1 Dec 2008, J.H. Kits & S.A. Marshall (2 3, DEBU); Lago Chapo, 34 km E Puerto Montt, 2nd growth Nothofagus , FIT, 24 Dec 1984 – 2 Feb 1985, S. & J. Peck (1 3 1 Ƥ, DEBU); Vicente Pérez Rosales Natl. Pk., Mirador El Bosque, 41°08.31'S 72°32.20'W, dung pans, 900 m, 2.xii, J. Kits & S.A. Marshall (2 3, DEBU); Vicente Pérez Rosales Natl. Pk., SW slope Volcán Osorno, ca. km 11 to La Burbuja, 41°07'54"S 72°32'00"W, 1090 m, low Nothofagus dombeyi w/bamboo & shrub understory, FMHD #2002-080, berlese, leaf & log litter, 15 Dec 2002, A. Y. Solodovnikov (1 Ƥ, FMNH); Vicente Pérez Rosales Natl. Pk., SW slope Volcán Osorno, km 10 to La Burbuja, 41°08'20"S 72°32'10"W, 910 m, Nothofagus dombeyi w/ mixed understory, FMHD #2002-081, berlese, leaf & log litter, A. Y. Solodovnikov & M.K. Thayer (2 Ƥ, FMNH); Vicente Pérez Rosales Natl. Pk., N slope Volcán Osorno, road to Ref. La Picada, 41°03'15"S 72°30'11"W, 660 m, Nothofagus dombeyi w/conifers, dense Chusquea bamboo understory, FMHD #2002-082, berlese, leaf & log litter, 16 Dec 2002, Solodovnikov, Thayer, & Newton (3 3, 2 Ƥ, FMNH); Vicente Pérez Rosales Natl. Pk., N slope Volcán Osorno, road to Ref. La Picada, 41°01'03"S 72°32'54"W, 430 m, Nothofagus dombeyi w/conifers, FMHD #2002-083, berlese, leaf & log litter, 16 Dec 2002, Newton, Solodovnikov, & Chani-Posse (3 3, FMNH); Puyehue Natl. Pk., W side Paso Cardenal Samoré, 40°42'39"S 71°56'40"W, 1305 m, timberline Nothofagus pumilio forest with snow patches, FMHD #2002-087, berlese, leaf & log litter, 17 Dec 2002, Newton, Thayer & Solodovnikov (1 Ƥ, FMNH); Los Ríos: Las Trancas, 30 km W La Unión, Chile Exp., Nothofagus , 7–11 Feb 1988, L. Masner (1 Ƥ, CNC)

Comments. Two females are in the same tube as the paratype males from Chiloé; they are not mentioned by Richards and are not paratypes, but appear to be of the same species. One male was dissected, perhaps by Richards, but the terminalia are missing; we dissected the other male. Based on current records, this is the most widespread species in the genus, stretching from the northern Magallanes region (paratype 3) to southern Los Ríos region; the record from Puerto Edén is further south than any other for the genus. However, we have seen little material from this region (see also F. propinqua ), and other species may occur further south than current records indicate.

Figures

FIGURES 23 – 28. Frutillaria male genitalia. F. c o n t u l m o: (23) cerci and surstyli, posterior view, (24) surstylus, anterior view, (25) phallus and postgonite, lateral view; F. edenensis: (26) phallus and postgonite, (27) cerci and surstyli, posterior view, (28) surstylus, anterior view.

FIGURES 77 – 85. Frutillaria female terminalia. F. edenensis: (77) tergite 8, epiproct, cerci, (78) sternite 8, hypoproct; F. glabra: (79) tergite 8, epiproct, cerci, (80) sternite 8, hypoproct; F. k u s c h e l i: (81) tergites 7 – 8, epiproct, cerci, (82) sternites 7 – 8, hypoproct. Spermathecae: (83) F. edenensis, (84) F. glabra, (85) F. k u s c h e l i.

FIGURES 108 – 115. Frutillaria and Penola distribution maps. (108) F. abdita, F. f u rc a t a, F. tenuiforceps, F. triangularis; (109) F. anticura, F. chepuensis, F. glabra, P. eudyptidis; (110) F. c o n t u l m o, F. calceata, F. chiloensis, F. propinqua; (111) F. calida; (112) F. edenensis; (113) F. k u s c h e l i, F. r i c ha rds i; (114) F. stenoptera; (115) F. transversa.

FIGURES 29 – 34. Frutillaria male genitalia. F. f u rc a t a: (29) cerci and surstyli, posterior view, (30) surstylus, anterior view, (31) phallus and postgonite, lateral view; F. glabra: (32) phallus and postgonite, lateral view, (33) surstylus, anterior view, (34) cerci and surstylus, posterior view.

FIGURES 35 – 39. Frutillaria male genitalia. F. k u s c h e l i: (35) cerci and surstylus, posterior view, (36) surstylus, anterior view, (37) phallus and postgonite, lateral view; F. propinqua: (38) phallus and postgonite (phallapodeme omitted, basiphallus and distiphallus disarticulated).

FIGURES 40 – 46. Frutillaria male genitalia. F. r i c h a rd s i: (40) cerci and surstylus, posterior view, (41) surstylus, anterior view, (42) phallus and postgonite, lateral view; F. s t e n o p t e r a: (43) cerci and surstylus, posterior view, (44) surstylus, anterior view, (45) phallus, lateral view (phallapodeme omitted), (46) postgonite, lateral view.

FIGURES 47 – 52. Frutillaria male genitalia. F. tenuiforceps: (47) cerci and surstylus, posterior view, (48) surstylus, anterior view, (49) phallus and postgonite, lateral view; F. transversa: (50) phallus and postgonite, lateral view, (51) cerci and surstyli, posterior view, (52) surstylus, anterior view.

FIGURES 53 – 58. Frutillaria and Penola male genitalia. F. triangularis: (53) cerci and surstyli, posterior view, (54) surstylus, anterior view, (55) phallus and postgonite, lateral view; P. eudyptidis: (56) postgonite (phallapodeme omitted), (57) surstylus, anterior view, (58) hypopygium, posterior view.

FIGURES 59 – 67. Frutillaria female terminalia. F. abdita: (59) tergite 8, epiproct, cerci, (60) sternite 8, hypoproct; F. anticura: (61) tergite 8, epiproct, cerci, (62) sternite 8, hypoproct; F. calceata: (63) tergites 7 – 8, epiproct, cerci, (64) sternites 7 – 8, hypoproct. Spermathecae: (65) F. abdita, (66) F. anticura, (67) F. calceata.

FIGURES 68 – 76. Frutillaria female terminalia. F. calida: (68) tergite 8, epiproct, cerci, (69) sternite 8, hypoproct; F. c o n - tulmo: (70) tergite 8, epiproct, cerci, (71) sternite 8, hypoproct; F. chepuensis: (72) tergites 7 – 8, epiproct, cerci, (73) sternites 7 – 8, hypoproct. Spermathecae: (74) F. calida, (75) F. c o n t u l m o, (76) F. chepuensis.