Erythraeus (Zaracarus) hainanensis, Xu & Yi & Guo & Jin, 2019

Xu, Si-Yuan, Yi, Tian-Ci, Guo, Jian-Jun & Jin, Dao-Chao, 2019, The genus Erythraeus (Acari: Erythraeidae) from China with descriptions of two new species and a key to larval species of the genus worldwide, Zootaxa 4647 (1), pp. 54-82 : 54-82

Erythraeus (Zaracarus) hainanensis sp. nov.

( Figs. 12–23 )

Diagnosis (larva). AL with swelling near bases; fnBFe = 3-3-3; coxala 2b with bifid ends. Ta I 141–158; Ti I 232– 237; Ta III 159–163; Ti III 336–358; fD 40–44.

Description (n = 3; holotype, two paratypes). Dorsum. Idiosoma almost oval, with 42 (fD = 40–44 in paratypes) barbed and blunted setae behind scutum. Two pairs of eyes without platelets posterolateral to scutum. Six normal setae between two pairs of eyes. Scutum as transverse oval, wider than long, anterior and posterior margins almost straight ( Figs. 12 , 14 ). Scutum with two pairs of scutalae (AL and PL), both fully barbed. AL tapering, with swelling near bases ( Figs. 12 , 14, 17 ) and longer than PL (2.15–2.31 times). PL apices blunt ( Figs. 12 , 14 ). Scutum with two pairs of trichobothria (ASE and PSE), ASE with few long setules, inserted in sclerotized and oblique socket ( Figs. 12 , 14 ), PSE with minute barbs in distal half and longer than ASE (2.09–2.26 times).

Venter ( Fig. 13 ). All ventral setae including coxalae barbed, 1a and 1b with pointed apices, 2b with distally bifid, 3a, 3b and 20 setae (18–20 in paratypes) with blunted ends behind coxae III. Coxala 1b longer than other coxal setae, 3b slightly longer than 2b ( Table 3 ).

Gnathosoma with one pair of nude galealae (cs), one pair of nude anterior hypostomalae (as) and one pair of nude posterior hypostomalae (bs) ( Fig. 15 ), hypostomal lip fimbriated like a stamen. Dorsal of palpfemur and palpgenu each with one barbed and pointed setae, PaScGed thicker than PaScFed ( Figs. 15, 17 ). Palptibia with one nude seta on ventral surface, one barbed seta and one nude seta on dorsum, odontus bifid ( Fig. 15 ). Palptarsus with eight setae including six nude setae, one solenidion (ω) and one eupathidium (ζ) ( Figs. 15, 16 ), fPp = 0-B-B-BNN 2 -6Nωζ ( Figs. 15, 16 ). Palpal supracoxal seta (elcp) peg like.

Leg ( Figs. 18–23 ) with seven segments (femora divided). IP = 2864–2869 (Holotype and two paratypes). All normal setae on legs barbed and pointed. Leg setal formula: Leg I: Cx—1n; Tr—1n; BFe—3n; TFe—5n; Ge—1σ, 1κ, 8n; Ti—2φ, 1κ, 1Cp, 14n; Ta—1ω, 1ε, 2ζ, 1Cp, 25n. Leg II: Cx—1n; Tr—1n; BFe—3n; TFe—5n; Ge—1κ, 8n; Ti—2φ, 15n; Ta—1ω, 2ζ, 1Cp, 23n. Leg III: Cx—1n; Tr—1n; BFe—3n; TFe—5n; Ge—8n; Ti—1φ, 15n; Ta—1ζ, 24n.

Etymology. The name of the new species is derived from the province where it was collected.

Type material. Holotype, larva, unidentified treehoppers ( Hemiptera : Membracidae ), collector XIN-FENG ZHANG, 24 April 2009, Bawangling National Natural Reserve , Hainan Province, China . Paratypes: one larva, the same data as the holotype ; one larva, ex unidentified delphacid planthoppers ( Hemiptera : Delphacidae ), collector XIN-FENG ZHANG, 22 April 2009, Datian National Natural Reserve , Hainan Province, China . The holotype and all paratypes are deposited in Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, China (GUGC) ( Zhang 2018) .

Remarks. Representatives of the subgenus Zaracarus are arranged into five species groups ( Table 2 ). The subdivision might be artificial but is adopted here because of relatively reasonable morphological basis and convenience for classification at the species level. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) hainanensis sp. nov. belongs to the species groups having AL with swelling or slightly swelling near bases and fn Bfe 3-3-3. This group includes 11 species: E. (Z.) lancifer Southcott, 1995; E. (Z.) fabiolae Haitlinger, 1997; E. (Z.) rajabii Saboori, 2000; E. (Z.) longipedus Saboori & Nowzari, 2001; E. (Z.) sibuljinicus Haitlinger, 2004; E. (Z.) aydinicus Saboori, Cakmak & Nouri-Gonbalani, 2004; E. (Z.) jinkaensis Haitlinger, 2006; E. (Z.) passidonicus Haitlinger, 2006; E. (Z.) ruizporterae Mayoral & Barranco, 2008; E. (Z.) perpusillus Kamran, Afzal, Raza, Irfanullah, Bashir & Ahmad, 2009; E. (Z.) adrianicus Haitlinger, 2012.

Erythraeus (Zaracarus) hainanensis sp. nov. differs from E. (Z.) lancifer in having two solenidia on Ti II (vs. one solenidion), two pairs of hypostomal setae (vs. one pair), the greater number of palptarsal setae including solenidion and eupathidium (8 vs. 7), the greater number of fD (40–44 vs. 32) and fV (18–20 vs. 12); coxalae I entirely with minute setules (vs. only distal half with minute setules).

E. (Z.) hainanensis sp. nov. differs from E. (Z.) fabiolae in having the greater number of palptarsus setae including solenidion and eupathidium (8 vs. 7), and NDV (60–62 vs. 38).

E. (Z.) hainanensis sp. nov. differs from E. (Z.) rajabii as follows: on Ta I and Ta, eupathidium has one companion seta (vs. companion setae absent on both segments); Ta I and Ta II each with two eupathidia, respectively (vs. each with one eupathidium).

E. (Z.) hainanensis sp. nov. differs from E. (Z.) longipedus as follows: on Ta I and Ta, eupathidium has one companion seta (vs. companion setae absent on both segments); the greater number of fD (40–44 vs. 30) and fV (18–20 vs. 8).

E. (Z.) hainanensis sp. nov. differs from E. (Z.) sibuljinicus as follows: shape of scutum is a transverse oval (vs. trapezoid); eyes are off platelet (vs. on platelet); the greater number of fD (40–44 vs. 24) and fV (18–20 vs. 13).

E. (Z.) hainanensis sp. nov. differs from E. (Z.) aydinicus as follows: the greater number of palptarsus setae including solenidion and eupathidium (8 vs. 7), fD (40–44 vs. 31) and NDV (60–62 vs. 43).

E. (Z.) hainanensis sp. nov. differs from E. (Z.) jinkaensis as follows: Ta I, Ta II and Ti I has companion seta (vs. setae absent on all these segments), Ta I has famulus (vs. famulus absent); the greater number of eupathidia on Ta I (2 vs. 1), Ta II (2 vs. 1), Ta III (1 vs. 0).

E. (Z.) hainanensis sp. nov. differs from E. (Z.) passidonicus by the presence of solenidion on Ge I (vs. absent), the greater number of palptarsus setae including solenidion and eupathidium (8 vs. 7).

E. (Z.) hainanensis sp. nov. differs from E. (Z.) ruizporterae in having the anterior margin of scutum almost straight (vs slightly concave); Ta I and Ta II with companion setae (vs. absent)..

E. (Z.) hainanensis sp. nov. differs from E. (Z.) perpusillus in having two pairs of hypostomal setae (vs. one pair).

E. (Z.) hainanensis sp. nov. differs from E. (Z.) adrianicus by more fD (40–44 vs. 28); eyes not on platelet (vs. on platelet).

Differences in measurements between the new species and all species compared above are in Table 5 .

In the key to species of the subgenus Erythraeus s. str. of the world presented by Šundić et al. (2015b) (for species known from larvae), six species, E. (E.) albanicus Haitlinger, 2012, E. (E.) chrysoperlae Khanjani, Mirmoayedi, Fayaz & Sharifian, 2012, E. (E.) layyahensis Kamran, Afzal & Bashir, 2013, E. (E.) nipponicus Kawashima, 1961, E. (E.) populi Khanjani, Mirmoayedi, Fayaz & Sharifian, 2012 and E. (E.) uhadi Kamran & Alatawi, 2014, were missed. In this paper, we have added all these species, except E. (E.) nipponicus, because we were not able to find the original description. One more species described several years ago, E. (E.) pistacicus Haitlinger, Mehrnejad & Šundić, 2016 , is also added to the updated identification key.

Figures

FIGURE 12. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) hainanensis sp. nov., larva. Dorsal view of idiosoma

FIGURE 13. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) hainanensis sp. nov., larva. Ventral view of idiosoma.

FIGURE 14–17. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) hainanensis sp. nov., larva. 14—scutum, 15—ventral view of gnathosoma, 16—ventral view of palp tarsus, 17—setae PaScGed, PaScFed and AL.

FIGURES 18–19. Erythraeus. (Zaracarus.) hainanensis sp. nov., larva. 18—leg I, trochanter–genu, 19—leg I, tibia–tarsus.

FIGURES 20–21. Erythraeus. (Zaracarus.) hainanensis sp. nov., larva. 20—leg II, trochanter–genu, 21—leg II, tibia–tarsus.

FIGURES 22–23. Erythraeus. (Zaracarus.) hainanensis sp. nov., larva. 22—leg III, trochanter–genu, 23—leg III, tibia–tarsus.

Tables

TABLE 4. Comparison of 11 larval species belongs to the species groups with fn BFe 2-2-2 (2-2-1) of the subgenus Erythraeus s.str.: 1= E. (E.) phalangoides, 2= E. (E.) tinnae, 3= E. (E.) chinensis, 4= E. (E.) picaforticus, 5= E. (E.) kacperi, 6= E. (E.) yangshuonicus, 7= E. (E.) etnaensis, 8= E. (E.) walii, 9= E. (E.) serbicus, 10= E. (E.) aphidivorous, 11= E. (E.) hubeiensis sp. nov.

Character	1(n=33)	2(n=1)	3(n=1)	4(n=2)	5(n=1)	6(n=1)	7(n=1)	8(n=5)	9(n=5)	10(n=2)	11(n=10)
fD	/	47	40	72	29	56	64	32	70–71	38–40	35–38
fV	/	15	12	24	8	14	20	10	20	16	16–18
DS	/	70–130	57–62	60–103	38–54	82–130	80–100	32–43	41–68	53–62	57–68
1a	71–104	76	68	64–69	/	62	80	50–52	43–48	46–53	69–74
1b	80–100	128	91	114–115	88	108	118	71–76	78–96	92–101	96–111
2b	25–38	54	27	50–53	/	34	50	/	38–41	36–42	30–43
3a	28–38	54	/	/	44	56	/	25–26	32–39	35–38	46–52
3b	28–40	70	38	79	/	46	60	/	49–57	45–48	41–47
L	85–116	132	104	120–126	90	104	108	77–83	90–102	117–125	90–105
W	124–173	194	124	190–210	110	140	150	112–120	125–145	157–163	112–123
AW	63–89	80	49	84–88	52	62	58	45–48	44–48	51–54	47–55
PW	100–127	144	87	136–155	100	112	110	74–77	92–105	105–108	86–96
AA	14–24	16	12	16–17	12	16	16	9–10	12–15	11–12	11–15
SB	16–27	20	12	20–24	14	16	12	13–14	6–9	8–9	14–16
ISD	63–75	76	71	56–69	68	72	54	58–63	41–47	77–80	64–73
AP	51–65	70	49	54–62	54	64	58	45–47	33–38	51–56	45–51
AL	65–95	140	98	99	74	102	108	73–78	88–95	93–96	91–103
PL	50–74	104	89	75–84	/	/	76	50–53	58–63	69–71	77–91
ASE	14–32	36	49	40–46	30	62	38	26–28	25–33	57–67	49–59
PSE	58–81	92	76	82–90	/	70	/	64–68	69–79	80–81	74–88
PaScFed	40–50	82	/	60–66	/	66	64	50–51	54–61	54–58	47–59

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TABLE 5. Comparison of 12 larval species representing the species group with AL with swelling or slightly swelling near bases (Table 2) and fn Bfe 3-3-3 of the subgenus Erythraeus (Zaracarus): 1= E. (Z.) lancifer, 2= E. (Z.) fabiolae, 3= E. (Z.) rajabii, 4= E. (Z.) longipedus, 5= E. (Z.) sibuljinicus, 6= E. (Z.) aydinicus, 7= E. (Z.) jinkaensis, 8= E. (Z.) passidonicus, 9= E. (Z.) ruizporterae, 10= E. (Z.) perpusillus, 11= E. (Z.) adrianicus, 12= E. (Z.) hainanensis sp. nov.

Character	1 (n=8)	2(n=1)	3(n=1)	4(n=1)	5(n=1)	6(n=2)	7(n=2)	8(n=4)	9(n=2)	10(n=4)	11(n=2)	12(n=3)
fD	32	27	26	30	24	31	47	37	30	42	28	40–44
fV	12	11	14	8	13	12	14	14	14–15	16	16	18–20
DS	55–72	50–70	47–66	53–65	52–64	63–68	40–74	52–88	63–80	50–60	64–100	37–74
1a	41–44	52	33	46	42	44–46	30–32	54–58	42–44	38–42	50	45–48
1b	88–105	112	102	114	96	92	84–88	104–108	112–114	/	130–140	104–109
2b	29–32	52	27	39	36	34–36	36–38	30–46	44	/	52–56	41–43
3a	30–34	40	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	30–33	/	33–36
3b	34–37	52	44	51	/	46	36–48	40–52	53	/	52–62	49–53
L	91–110	116	102	102	100	90–102	92–102	82–86	/	96–102	112–114	100–108
W	136–182	154	127	128	160	138–146	140–146	120–146	160–163	150–154	160–188	155–164
AW	40–55	42	36	41	42	37–41	40	26–34	40–43	85–88	42–44	48–54
PW	95–145	124	102	109	114	107–116	82–96	94–100	120	114–120	124–140	122–132
AA	20–21	20	14	19	18	15–20	18–20	10–14	15	20–22	20	21–24
SB	15	20	16	17	16	15–17	12–16	10–12	18	16–17	20–22	16–17
ISD	60–77	72	58	63	66	61–66	50–58	52–60	75	61–63	80–86	57–65
AP	50–53	68	52	60	58	58–70	34–40	52–60	60	47–50	70	55–56
AL	186–197	180	192	199	104	165–167	122–124	90–98	145–150	126–131	180–182	172–201
PL	74–79	82	63	80	74	70	60	66–72	73–75	72–76	82–90	80–87
ASE	28–30	30	30	31	26	26–27	30–32	24–30	28	26–30	24	31–36
PSE	73–79	82	66	/	72	70–75	60	70–72	70–73	68–73	72–100	69–81
PaScFed	54–58	68	58	68	60	58–62	44	58–74	/	60–65	84	62–73

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