Empis (Enoplempis) winkleri, Sinclair & Brooks & Cumming, 2021

Sinclair, Bradley J., Brooks, Scott E. & Cumming, Jeffrey M., 2021, Revision of the Empis (Enoplempis) mira species group (Diptera: Empididae), Zootaxa 4927 (1), pp. 41-57 : 52-55

Empis (Enoplempis) winkleri sp. nov.

( Figs 4, 5 , 11 , 20, 21 , 30, 31 , 35 , 40 , 41 )

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Type material. HOLOTYPE ( Fig. 4 ), Ƌ labelled: “USA: CA: Fresno Co. E11-27/ Peterson Rd. 4 mi S Shaver / Lake, at mile marker 5; 3.vi.2011 / 37.03928 N, 119.3158 W / I. Wink [l]er, S. Turner, Turcatel”; “ HOLOTYPE / Empis (Enoplempis) / winkleri Sinclair ,/ Brooks, Cumming” ( CNC) . PARATYPES: USA. California: Same data as holotype (3 Ƌ, 3 ♀, CNC) .

Diagnosis. This species differs from other species of the E. (En.) mira species group by the absence of dark spots at the base of the dorsocentral setae, male right hind femur without anteroventral setae opposite subapical swelling on tibia ( Fig. 30 ) and male and female mid femur with long posteroventral setae at most slightly longer than width of femur ( Fig. 11 ).

Description. Wing length 5.9–6.7 mm. Male. Head with dense greyish pruinescence on face, frons, occiput and postgena. Narrowly dichoptic, eye with ommatidia slightly enlarged ventrally. Frons divergent towards antennae; below ocellar triangle narrower than width of anterior ocellus, bearing short setulae along inner margin of eye. Face slightly divergent towards mouthparts; bare, with oral margin pale and shiny. Ocellar triangle with greyish pruinescence, with pair of divergent ocellar setae and pair of shorter posterior setulae. Occiput bearing row of slender postocular setae; remaining upper occipital setae black, long and stout. Pedicel and scape pale brown; postpedicel and stylus dark brown. Scape about 2× longer than pedicel; postpedicel nearly 4× longer than basal width, or 2.3× longer than stylus. Palpus yellow, with dark setulae. Proboscis largely yellow; apex of labrum reddish brown; labellum with dark setae.

Thorax yellow in ground-colour, largely clothed in whitish pruinescence; all major setae black. Scutum usually with blackish median vitta and pair of broad brownish vittae on either side of dc row. Pleura yellow, with thin whitish pruinescence. Proepisternum with several short, dark setae; prosternum bare. Antepronotum with row of stout dark setae. Postpronotum with 3–4 short, dark setae and 1 long seta. Scutum with short, fine biserial acr; dc uniserial, slightly longer than acr, first anterior dc longer than posterior dc, postsutural dc increasing in length posteriorly; 2–3 posterior npl, with several shorter anterior setae; 1 presut spal; 1 psut spal; 1 pal and 1 short setula. Scutellum with 2 pairs of sctl, apical pair stouter, more than twice length of lateral pair. Laterotergite with 3–4 long, dark and several shorter setae. Anterior and posterior spiracles pale.

Legs long, entirely yellow, except for dark ring at trochanter-femur junction and apices of femora; apical tarsomeres darkened. Coxae with several dark lateral setae, all of similar size. Hind trochanter unmodified. Fore and mid femora with distinct white ventral pile. Fore femur with anteroventral and posteroventral rows of fine setae, posteroventral setae longer. Fore tibia with pile of soft ventral setulae, with 2–3 anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae and several preapical setae. Fore tarsomere swollen, distinctly broader than fore tibia, subequal to remaining tarsomeres combined; all tarsomeres with pile of soft ventral setulae. Mid femur with anteroventral row of setae of various lengths, with cluster of longer basal setae; posteroventral face with distinct row of well separated setae, some about as long as femur width ( Fig. 11 ). Mid tibia with pale ventral and stout, darker setae intermixed, shorter than width of tibia; 2–3 anterodorsal, 2–3 posterodorsal and several preapical setae. Hindlegs asymmetrical, tibiae geniculate at base. Left hind femur densely clothed with fine ventral setae (similar to right hind femur), setae stouter beyond mid-length extending onto short posteroventral lobe ( Figs 20, 21 ). Left hind tibia sinuous apically with dense black ventral setae shorter than ventral setae on femur, with short posteroventral preapical flange ( Figs 20, 21 ). Right hind femur with proximal three-quarters densely clothed in fine ventral setae; without short anteroventral digitiform lobe on apical third; distally shallowly excavated ventrally, with transverse ridge bearing long paint-brush tuft of black anteroventral setae ( Fig. 30 ); apical fourth with tuft of black posteroventral setae, longer than width of femur; distal to tuft with long posteroventral setae ( Fig. 31 ). Right hind tibia bent nearly at right angle, distal to mid-length, especially when viewed ventrally; distal to curvature with large thumb-like anteroventral lobe with crown of minute black spine-like apical projections; flattened preapical anteroventral flange folds up against setal tuft of femur ( Figs 30, 31 ). Tarsomere 1 of midleg and tarsomeres 1–3 of hindleg with rows of anteroventral and posteroventral spinelike setae; hind tarsomere 1 somewhat inflated.

Wing clear, with yellowish veins, mostly well sclerotized; CuA+CuP fading out prior to wing margin. Basal costal seta short, but stouter and longer than surrounding costal setae. R 5 and M 1 parallel near wing margin; R 5 ending before wing tip; radial fork acute. Halter yellow.

Abdomen yellow with longest posteromarginal setae on tergite 2, decreasing in length posteriorly. Posteromarginal setae on segment 8 longer than length of sclerites. Pregenital segments unmodified. Terminalia ( Fig. 40 ) yellow with cercus darker. Cercus narrow, linear, posterior end tapered to narrow tip, with setae on inner face; clothed in dark setae, longer than width of cercus. Hypoproct without setae. Subepandrial sclerite with process projecting obliquely from ventral margin of cercus; short, less than half distance to epandrial margin. Epandrial lamella subtriangular, posterior margin rounded, without process; setae moderately long, some about half width of lamella. Hypandrium short, apical margin with broad rectangular notch, about 0.5× as long as height of epandrium; base with several setae, nearly as long as hypandrium. Phallus deeply attenuated near base, middle section broad and slightly tapered; apical third deeply attenuated, flexed at right angle, forming narrow bowl-like apex, with well sclerotized ventral margin; apex emerging beyond epandrium; ejaculatory apodeme broad, flattened plate, not Y-shaped, nearly one-half length of epandrium.

Female. Similar to male, except as follows ( Fig. 5 ): frons slightly narrower than ocellar triangle; mid femur with row of 5 strong, widely spaced posteroventral setae, nearly as long as width of femur, weaker on anteroventral row; hindlegs symmetrical; hind femur somewhat swollen, parallel-sided, wider than mid femur, with several strong anteroventral and posteroventral preapical setae, ventrally densely clothed in fine setae ( Fig. 35 ); hind tibia weakly geniculate at base; cercus long and slender, with short dark setae; tarsomere 1 on fore and hind legs slender.

Etymology. This species is named after one of the collectors of the type series, Issac Winkler (Cornell College, Mount Vernon, Iowa), who was also one of the principal investigators who initiated our study of E. ( Enoplempis ).

Distribution. This species is known only from the type locality in Fresno County, California ( Fig. 41 ).

Figures

FIGURES 1–5. Habitus photographs and male hindleg of the E. (Enoplempis) mira species group. 1. Male of E. mira (Bigot), left lateral view. 2. Male left hindleg of E. williamturneri sp. nov., anterior view. 3. Male left hind tarsus of E. williamturneri sp. nov., anterior view. 4. Holotype male of E. winkleri sp. nov., left lateral view. 5. Female of E. winkleri sp. nov., left lateral view.

FIGURES 10–11. Male left midlegs of the E. (Enoplempis) mira species group, posterior view. 10. E. macdonaldi sp. nov. 11. E. winkleri sp. nov.

FIGURES 12–21. Male left hindlegs of the E. (Enoplempis) mira species group. 12. E. macdonaldi sp. nov., holotype, anterior view. 13. E. macdonaldi sp. nov., holotype, posterior view. 14. E. mira (Bigot), anterior view. 15. E. mira (Bigot), posterior view. 16. E. submira sp. nov., holotype, anterior view. 17. E. submira sp. nov., holotype, posterior view. 18. E. williamturneri sp. nov., anterior view. 19. E. williamturneri sp. nov., posterior view. 20. E. winkleri sp. nov., anterior view. 21. E. winkleri sp. nov., posterior view.

FIGURES 22–31. Male right hindlegs of the E. (Enoplempis) mira species group. 22. E. macdonaldi sp. nov., holotype, anterior view. 23. E. macdonaldi sp. nov., holotype, posterior view. 24. E. mira (Bigot), anterior view. 25. E. mira (Bigot), posterior view. 26. E. submira sp. nov., holotype, anterior view. 27. E. submira sp. nov., holotype, posterior view. 28. E. williamturneri sp. nov., anterior view. 29. E. williamturneri sp. nov., posterior view. 30. E. winkleri sp. nov., anterior view. 31. E. winkleri sp. nov., posterior view.

FIGURES 32–35. Female left hindlegs of the E. (Enoplempis) mira species group in anterior view. 32. E. macdonaldi sp. nov. 33. E. mira (Bigot). 34. E. williamturneri sp. nov. 35. E. winkleri sp. nov.

FIGURES 36–40. Male terminalia of the E. (Enoplempis) mira species group in left lateral view. 36. E. macdonaldi sp. nov. 37. E. mira (Bigot). 38. E. williamturneri sp. nov. 39. E. submira sp. nov. 40. E. winkleri sp. nov. Abbreviations: cerc – cercus; ej apod – ejaculatory apodeme; epand – epandrium; hypd – hypandrium; ph – phallus; sbepand proc – subepandrial process.

FIGURES 41–42. Known geographical distribution of the E. (Enoplempis) mira species group. 41. E. mira (Bigot) and E. winkleri sp. nov. 42. E. macdonaldi sp. nov., E. submira sp. nov. and E. williamturneri sp. nov.