Ctenitis abyssi (Sehnem) Salino & Morais (2003: 32)

Viveros, Raquel Stauffer, Rouhan, Germinal & Salino, Alexandre, 2018, A taxonomic monograph of the fern genus Ctenitis (Dryopteridaceae) in South America, Phytotaxa 385 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

1. Ctenitis abyssi (Sehnem) Salino & Morais (2003: 32) . Figs. 12A–B , 14A . Dryopteris abyssi Sehnem (1979: 156) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: São Francisco de Paula, Taimbé, ad rupem in taimbé (canion), 700 m alt., Sehnem 6315 (holotype PACA 68772!).

Stems short-creeping, 2.4 cm diam., scales 9.2–12.4 × 0.9–1.3 mm, light castaneous, clathrate, lanceolate, entire, without fimbriae; leaves 43–50 cm long; petioles 21–22 cm × 1.2–2.6 mm, with 3 vascular bundles at base, brownish or tan, scales 1.8–4.9 × 0.7–1.2 mm, light castaneous, clathrate, not tangled on petiole base, becoming patent or ascending towards distal portion, mostly flattish, but vaulted at base, flaccid, ovate or lanceolate with slightly cordate base and filiform apex, entire, without fimbriae, sparse catenate trichomes abaxially, glandular trichomes absent; laminae 22–28 × 6.5–11 cm, width narrower than 1/3–1/2 of length, 1-pinnate-pinnatifid basally, medially and apically, lanceolate, apex confluent; rachises tan or stramineous, scales like those on distal portion of petioles, sparse catenate trichomes abaxially, glandular trichomes absent; pinnae 11 pairs, the basal and medial ones stalked to 3.5 mm long, the apical ones sessile, basal pinnae basiscopically and acroscopically somewhat equally developed, the medial 5.5–8.5 × 1.3–2.1 cm, lanceolate, incised more than 3/4 of the distance between the segment apex and costa, basal segments as long or longer than the next, apex attenuate; adaxial pinnae axes scales absent, catenate trichomes dense on costa, sparse on costule, rare on veins, bacilliform trichomes absent; adaxial laminar surface between veins glabrous; abaxial pinnae axes with sparse scales on costa, 2.4–2.8 × 0.6–0.7 mm, light castaneous, clathrate, ascending, vaulted at base, flaccid, ovate with cordate base and filiform apex, entire, without fimbriae, proscales absent, catenate trichomes sparse on costa and costule, rare on veins, bacilliform trichomes absent, glandular trichomes sparse on costa and costule, rare on veins, filiform trichomes absent; abaxial laminar surface between veins with sparse glandular trichomes; segments 14–16 pairs, 2.3–3.0 mm wide, patent or subfalcate, repand or serrate towards apex, apex apiculate, margin with catenate trichomes, the distance from each other is narrower than segments width; veins simple or 1-forked at basal segments, 8–10 pairs per segment, the basal ones from adjacent segments end at margin well above the sinus; sori supramedial, indusia absent, spores not seen.

Habitat and distribution:— Epipetric. Endemic to southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) in rainforest, at 700 m ( Fig. 14A ; Tab. 01) .

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Notes:— Ctentis abyssi is similar to C. nigrovenia by lamina architecture and serrate segments. Nevertheless, it differs from C. nigrovenia by the short-creeping stem ( Fig. 1C ), segments margin with catenate trichomes ( Fig. 7A , 12A ) and the scales on costa abaxially light castaneous ( Fig. 6A ) and ovate ( Figs. 12B ). In opposition, C. nigrovenia stem is erect ( Fig. 1A ) or ascending ( Fig. 1B ), the segment margin is glabrous and the scales on costa abaxially are dark brown and linear-lanceolate. Ctenitis abyssi is endemic to southern Brazil and is known only from type collection, in Taimbé Cannion region (in Rio Grande do Sul state; Salino & Morais 2003), while C. nigrovenia is recorded in northern and central-west Brazilian states, further Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia

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and other countries of Mesoamerica and West Indies. Ctenitis abyssii is also illustrated in Salino & Morais (2003). The holotype of Ctenis abyssi was with dark sori, due to abortive sporangia, and no spores were seen.

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Sehnem (1977) published the nomen nudum Dryopteris taimbensis and later he validly published the name D. abyssi to the species he referred in 1977 ( Sehnem 1979).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Stem of Ctenitis from South America. A: stem erect, from C. microchlaena (Rivero 720, UC). B: stem ascending, from C. aspidioides (Salino 4275, BHCB). C: stem short-creeping, from C. submarginalis var. tenuifolia (Salino 2215, BHCB). Scale bars = 3 cm.

FIGURE 6. Scale colors of Ctenitis from South America. A: light castaneous scale, from C. ampla (Salino 3257, BHCB). B: castaneous scale, from C. glandulosa (Salino 13626, BHCB). C: dark brown to blackish scale, from C. laetevirens (Schimitt 561, BHCB). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 7. The four kinds of trichomes of Ctenitis from South America. A: catenate. B: filiform. C: bacilliform. D: glandular. All from Ctenitis bigarellae (Schwartsburd 565, BHCB). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 12. Some morphological characters of Ctenitis from South America. A–B: C. abyssi (Sehnem 6315, PACA). A: detail of abaxial surface of a medial pinna, showing indument B: abaxial costa scale (scale bar = 1 mm). C–D: C. ampla (Salino 3257, BHCB). C: abaxial surface of a portion of pinna rachis and two pinnules of medial pinnae. D: abaxial costa scale. E–J: C. anniesii (Gasper 851, BHCB). E: abaxial surface of a portion of rachis and a medial pinna. F: sorus with indusium. G: detail of abaxial surface of a medial pinna, showing indument. H: petiole scale. I: abaxial costa scale. J: adaxial costa scale. Scale bars in A, B, D, G–J = 1 mm; C, E, = 1 cm; F = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 14. Distribution of four species of Ctenitis in South America. A: C. abyssi. B: C. ampla. C: C. anniesii. D: C. aspidioides.