Dilar grandis (Banks)

Zhang, Wei, Liu, Xingyue, Winterton, Shaun L., Aspöck, Horst & Aspöck, Ulrike, 2016, A review of the pleasing lacewing genus Dilar Rambur (Neuroptera, Dilaridae) from Southeast Asia, Zootaxa 4105 (2), pp. 124-144 : 128-131

Dilar grandis (Banks)

( Figs. 2 , 18–21 )

Rexavius grandis Banks, 1931a: 413 . Type locality: Malaysia (Sabah).

Diagnosis. This species is characterized by the male tergum 9 dorsally with a long posteromedial projection, the strongly incurved male gonocoxite 10, which bears a spindle projection connecting to gonocoxite 9 submedially and is bifid at tip. Besides, in the forewing of this species there are several dark brown spots, most of which are concentrated on branching points of longitudinal veins.

Description. Male. Body length 5.0– 5.8 mm; forewing length 11.0–16.0 mm, hindwing length 9.0–12.0 mm.

Head pale yellowish brown, with pale yellow setose tubercles. Compound eyes blackish brown. Antenna with ca. 30 segments, yellowish brown, pedicel with brown annular stripes, flagellum unipectinate on most flagellomeres, longest branch nearly 8.0 times as long as relevant flagellomere.

Prothorax pale yellow, pronotum yellowish brown, with anterior margin and posterolateral corners yellow, medially with a pair of ovoid markings; mesothorax pale yellowish brown, mesonotum dark brown on anterior and lateral margins; metanotum pale yellowish brown, slightly darker on lateral margins. Legs yellowish brown, femora blackish brown at tip. Wings pale yellow, nearly hyaline. Forewing ~2.3 times as long as wide, with several dark brown spots, proximal spots slightly darker, most of which are concentrated on branching points of longitudinal veins, a big brown spot present around median nygma, and an immaculate area present distal to median nygma. Hindwing ~2.2 times as long as wide, immaculate. Veins pale brown, crossveins much darker than longitudinal veins.

Abdomen pale yellow, pregenital segments dorsally yellowish brown. Tergum 9 in dorsal view with an arcuate anterior incision, a nearly V-shaped posterior incision and an elongate dorsoprocessus, leaving a pair of broad hemitergites, which are obtuse distally and densely haired. Sternum 9 much shorter than tergum 9, arcuately convex posteriad. Ectoproct in dorsal view with an arcuate anterior incision, posterodorsally with a pair of elongate unguiform projections, posteroventrally with a pair of nearly ovoid flattened projections and a pair of incurved unguiform projections. Gonocoxite 9 inflated, with blunt tip; gonocoxite 10 incurved, with tip strongly sclerotized and bifid, submedially extended a spindled projection connecting to gonocoxite 9; gonarcus slendely beam-shaped, laterally connecting to bases of gonocoxites 9. Hypandrium internum nearly trapezoidal, with lateral margins slightly arcuate.

Female. Unknown.

Materials examined. Holotype ♂, “B[ritish].N[orthern]. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu, Kamborangah [1°4′N, 114°14′E], 7000 ft [= 2190 m], 4.IV.1929 / Rexavius grandis Bks [= Banks] Type / Type /Ex F.M.S. Museum. B.M. 1955-354” ( BMNH). Paratypes 4♂, same data as holotype, 1/ 2.IV.1929 and 27/ 29.V.1929 ( BMNH); 1♂, same data as holotype, 6.V.1929 ( MCZ).

Distribution. Malaysia (Sabah).

Remarks. This species is one of the two species of Dilar currently known from Borneo and it is probably the largest species among all known Dilar species with male forewing length ranging 11–16 mm. This species could be a member of the Dilar guangxiensis species-group (see Zhang et al. 2015) based on the presence of the dorsoprocessus of the male tergum 9 and the male gonocoxite 10 submedially with a spindle projection connecting to gonocoxite 9. However, D. grandis can be distinguished from the other group members by the male gonocoxite 10 distinctly bifid distad, forming a short and a long spinous projections. In other species of the D. guangxiensis group, the male gonocoxite 10 has a simple or slightly bifurcated apex.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 5. Adults of Dilar spp. 1. D. abnormis Zhang, Liu & Winterton, sp. nov., male holotype; 2. D. grandis (Banks), male holotype; 3. D. lineatus Zhang, Liu & Winterton, sp. nov., male holotype; 4. D. loeinensis Zhang, Liu & Winterton, sp. nov., male holotype; 5. D. macleodi Oswald & Schiff, male paratype.

FIGURES 18 – 21. Dilar grandis (Banks). 18. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 19. Male genitalia, ventral view; 20. Male genitalia, lateral view; 21. Male ectoproct, caudal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.