Cosmiomorpha (Cosmiomorpha) maolanensis Qiu

Qiu, Jian-Yue, Xu, Hao & Hu, Chun-Lin, 2013, Revision of the subgenus Cosmiomorpha (Cosmiomorpha) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), Zootaxa 3745 (4), pp. 401-434 : 422-424

Cosmiomorpha (Cosmiomorpha) maolanensis Qiu & Xu, new species

( Figs. 6 , 31–32 , 45–46 , 58–59 , 74 , 145 –148, 156, 163 , 170 , 172 )

Diagnosis. This species is almost entirely black and looks like black forms of C. modesta (Fig. 79), can be distinguished by: scales on dorsal surface shorter, smaller, almost white; male protibia wider, the deflexed tooth very long and slender with the tip rounded ( Figs. 58–59 ); female tibiae and tarsi longer and thinner.

Holotype (male). TL: 22.5 mm, TW: 10.5 mm, CW/CL: 1.15; body almost entirely black. Head: flat; dorsal surface densely microsculptured; punctures small, round, or elliptical; few punctures with sparse, radially distributed, short scales. Clypeus subrectangular, anterior margin raised with a shallow central depression. Gula smooth, sides with small punctures ( Fig. 32 ). Antenna black; anterior portion of club dark brown. Pronotum: Dorsal surface with numerous setiferous punctures; punctures sparser, larger, deeper on disc; scales small, elongate-elliptical, almost white ( Fig. 74 ); margins smooth. Scutellum: With sparse, setiferous punctures; scales almost white. Elytra: Black with posterior portion slightly dark brown; with numerous setiferous punctures, punctures denser on postdiscal portion; scales short, elongate elliptical, almost white. Sternum: Clad with linear scales, long and dense on mesosternum and both sides of metasternum; many scales worn off. Mesometasternal process glabrous, short, oval ( Fig. 6 ). Pygidium: Rugose, with sparse, short, yellow scales. Abdomen: Sternites dark brown; a longitudinal groove between abdominal sternites 3–5; sternites 2–6 with numerous linear scales except for medial area, medial area with sparse setiferous punctures, scales inapparent; last sternite nearly glabrous, with a few punctures and short scales on both sides. Legs: Black, with central portion of femora dark brown. Coxae densely clad with linear scales. Trochanters glabrous. Ventral surface of femora with short, sinuous striolae and sparse, tiny, yellow scales. Tibiae with numerous punctures and sparse, tiny scales. Protibia wide; three teeth along outer margin of which the middle and proximal teeth are indistinct, the distance between the middle and proximal teeth about 1.9 times the distance between the middle and distal teeth; a row of mastoid teeth on ventral surface; deflexed tooth worn down ( Fig. 58 ); spur very short and blunt, almost invisible. Mesotibia and metatibia with an acute spine in the middle of outer margin; small setae along inner margin. Protarsus slim; basitarsus evidently clavate, ventral surface strongly swollen. Metatarsomere 5 on left side lost. Parameres: Elongate, outer margins expanded in apical view; apex obtuse, significantly broader, with a tuft of short golden setae ( Figs. 156, 163 ).

Male paratype (1). TL: 20.0 mm (without head), TW: 11.5 mm. Body and color nearly identical to holotype. Scales on dorsal surface denser. The deflexed tooth long, slim, with round tip.

Female paratypes (2). TL: 23.5–24.0 mm, TW: 11.5–12.0 mm. Except for legs, body very similar to male ( Figs. 147–148 ). Clypeus subrectangular. Antennal club smaller. Pronotum flatter. Mesometasternal process short and round. Abdomen convex; the last sternite protuberant with a row of stout, golden setae along posterior margin. Protibia wide and short, with three acuate teeth along outer margin. Tarsi shorter and thinner.

Type material. Holotype: CHINA: Guizhou: ♂ (SWUC, ex QCCC, No.536), 11.VIII.2012, Maolan National Nature Reserve, Libo County, alt. 870 m, Jian-Yue Qiu & Hao Xu leg. Paratypes (3): 1♂ (QCCC, No.537), 12.VIII.2012, ibid., alt. 740 m, Jian-Yue Qiu & Hao Xu leg. 1♀ (QCCC, No.539), 24.VII.2013, ibid., alt. 830 m, Jian-Yue Qiu & Hao Xu leg. 1♀ (SWUC, ex GUGC), VII.2011, ibid., no collector recorded.

Comments on type material. Both the holotype and the male paratype were found dead in several pieces and later reassembled. The deflexed tooth of the holotype is worn down but that of the male paratype is intact. The male paratype is incomplete: protarsi, left mesoleg, left metaleg, and right metatibia are incomplete; head and right metatarsus are lost.

Etymology. It is named for the Maolan National Nature Reserve where the type series was collected. Distribution. China: Guizhou.

Natural history. The male paratype was found under the same pear tree where C. nigripedis was collected. The female paratype were observed feeding on sap on a branch of Quercus species where C. decliva was also found ( Fig. 172 ).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 20. Mesosternal process of male Cosmiomorpha species. 1 – 4. Cosmiomorpha fortis new species: 1. Holotype; 2 – 4. Paratypes; 5. Cosmiomorpha nigripedis new species, holotype; 6. Cosmiomorpha maolanensis new species, holotype; 7. Cosmiomorpha cheni new species, holotype; 8 – 9. Cosmiomorpha modesta: 8. (Jiangsu); 9. (Guangxi); 10. Cosmiomorpha sauteri (Taiwan); 11 – 20. Cosmiomorpha decliva: 11. (Sichuan); 12. Cosmiomorpha squamulosa (Gansu), lectotype; 13. (Hunan); 14. (Sichuan); 15. (Guangxi); 16. (Fujian); 17. Cosmiomorpha baryi (N. Vietnam), “ allotype ”; 18. (Jiangxi); 19. (Fujian); 20. (Guangxi). Not to the same scale.

FIGURES 21 – 34. Head of Cosmiomorpha species in dorsal and ventral view. 21 – 22. Cosmiomorpha modesta; 23 – 24. Cosmiomorpha decliva; 25 – 26. Cosmiomorpha sauteri; 27 – 28. Cosmiomorpha fortis new species, holotype; 29 – 30. Cosmiomorpha nigripedis new species, holotype; 31 – 32. Cosmiomorpha maolanensis new species, holotype; 33 – 34. Cosmiomorpha c heni new species, holotype. Not to the same scale.

FIGURES 35 – 47. Protibia and basitarsus of male Cosmiomorpha species in dorsal view. 35 – 36. Cosmiomorpha modesta: 35. (Jiangsu); 36. (Guangxi); 37 – 38. Cosmiomorpha decliva: 37. (Sichuan); 38. (Guangxi); 39 – 40. Cosmiomorpha sauteri (Taiwan); 41 – 43. Cosmiomorpha fortis new species: 41. Holotype; 42 – 43. Paratypes; 44. Cosmiomorpha nigripedis new species, holotype; 45 – 46. Cosmiomorpha maolanensis new species: 45. Holotype; 46. Paratype; 47. Cosmiomorpha cheni new species, holotype.

FIGURES 48 – 60. Protibia and basitarsus of male Cosmiomorpha species in lateral view. 48. Cosmiomorpha modesta (Jiangsu); 49 – 51. Cosmiomorpha decliva: 49. (Sichuan); 50. (Guangxi); 51. (Fujian); 52 – 53. Cosmiomorpha sauteri (Taiwan); 54 – 56. Cosmiomorpha fortis new species: 54. Holotype; 55 – 56. Paratypes; 57. Cosmiomorpha nigripedis new species, holotype; 58 – 59. Cosmiomorpha maolanensis new species: 58. Holotype; 59. Paratype; 60. Cosmiomorpha cheni new species, holotype.

FIGURES 61 – 75. Scales on pronotal disc of male Cosmiomorpha species 61 – 62. Cosmiomorpha modesta (Zhejiang); 63 – 65. Cosmiomorpha decliva: 63. (Fujian); 64. (Sichuan); 65. (Fujian); 66 – 67. Cosmiomorpha sauteri (Taiwan); 68 – 72. Cosmiomorpha fortis new species: 68. Holotype; 69 – 72. Paratype; 73. Cosmiomorpha nigripedis new species, holotype; 74. Cosmiomorpha maolanensis new species, holotype; 75. Cosmiomorpha cheni new species, holotype.

FIGURES 145 – 148. Cosmiomorpha maolanensis new species. 145 – 146. Male, holotype: 145. Dorsal; 146. Ventral. 147 – 148. Female, paratype: 147. Dorsal; 148. Ventral.

FIGURES 151 – 164. Parameres of Cosmiomorpha species in dorsal and apical view. 151, 158. Cosmiomorpha modesta; 152, 159. Cosmiomorpha decliva; 153, 160. Cosmiomorpha sauteri; 154, 161. Cosmiomorpha fortis new species, holotype; 155, 162. Cosmiomorpha nigripedis new species, holotype; 156, 163. Cosmiomorpha maolanensis new species, holotype; 157, 164. Cosmiomorpha c heni new species, holotype.

FIGURES 165 – 171. Lateral view of Cosmiomorpha species. 165. Cosmiomorpha modesta; 166. Cosmiomorpha decliva; 167. Cosmiomorpha sauteri; 168. Cosmiomorpha fortis new species, holotype; 169. Cosmiomorpha nigripedis new species, holotype; 170. Cosmiomorpha maolanensis new species, holotype; 171. Cosmiomorpha c heni new species, holotype.

FIGURES 172 – 180. Habitats of Cosmiomorpha species. 172. Habitat of Cosmiomorpha nigripedis new species, Cosmiomorpha maolanensis new species, and Cosmiomorpha decliva (Libo, Guizhou). 173. Habitat of Cosmiomorpha fortis new species (Guiyang, Guizhou). 174 – 176. Cosmiomorpha modesta: 174 – 175. Habitat and male feeding on sap on a branch of Broussonetia papyrifera (Mt. Damashan, Nanjing, Jiangsu); 176. Male feeding on sap on trunk of Quercus (Mt. Qiandashan, Zhuji, Zhejiang, by Tiexiong Zhao). 177 – 180. Cosmiomorpha decliva: 177 – 178. Habitat and adults mating on the ground (Mt. Qilishan, Xiangyang, Hubei, by Mao Ye); 179 – 180. Male on ground and female in bush (Mt. Shaoshishan, Dengfeng, Henan, by Long Zhang).