Cortinarius cisticola Frøslev & T. S. Jeppesen, 2006

Frøslev, Tobias G., Jeppesen, Thomas S. & Laessøe, Thomas, 2006, Seven new calochroid and fulvoid species of Cortinarius, Mycological Research 110, pp. 1046-1058 : 1051-1052

Cortinarius cisticola Frøslev & T. S. Jeppesen , sp. nov.

MycoBank no.: MB 500729

( Figs 1C , 2B , 3B & 4C )

Etym.: cisticola (Latin), preference for Cistus.

Pileo 45–70 mm lato, hemisphaerico, dein plano-convexo, glutinoso, primo luteo, dein orangeo-luteo, KOH ope brunneo. Velo universale pallido vel brunneo. Lamellis pallide griseo-violaceis. Stipite 35– 55 X 10–12 mm, bulboso, bulbo distincte marginato, pallido. Margine bulbi e velo pallido. Facie externa mycelioque KOH ope nullo. Carne albida, interdum in apice stipitis pallide violacea, sapore miti, odore nullo, KOH ope nullo vel pallido rosea. Sporis amygdaliformibus vel limoniformibus, grosse verrucosis, 10–11 X 6.5 µm.

Typus: France: Hérault: Montpellier , Gigean,Mt. du Gardiole , under Cistus spp., 13 Nov. 2002, T. S. Jeppesen & T. G. FrØslev, TSJ2002-081 ( C - holotypus) .

Pileus 45–70 mm, hemispherical then plano-convex, glabrous, glutinous, at first uniformly yellow (3A3–6–4A3–4), at centre becoming more or less orange yellow (4B8) to somewhat or-ange–brown (5C7) with age, sometimes with whitish veil patches which becomes more or less brownish (8E5–8F5) with age. Lamellae emarginate, pale greyish violet (17A2– 18A2), edge slightly more violet (17A3). Stipe 35– 55 X 10–14 mm, with a marginate bulb (– 25 mm), whitish, with age becoming more or less yellowish brown (4B8–4C8), apex sometimes with a violaceous (18A3) tinge. Bulbipellis whitish, universal veil at bulb margin whitish, staining more or less brownish (6E8) with age. Cortina fairly abundant. Veil whitish, staining brown. Context whitish, when young with a weak, fugacious, violet tinge in stipe apex. Taste mild, smell indistinct. Spores amygdaliform to slightly citriform with coarse ornament, 10–11 X 6–6.5 µm, average 10.5 ± 0.4 X 6.2 ± 0.3 µm; Q ¼ 1.69 ± 0.06.

Chemical reactions: KOH on pileipellis brownish (6E8-8C6- 8D7) to faintly greyish rose (8C3), on bulbipellis almost negative (brownish) to more or less rose with a long onset, in context negative, in bulb context, however, with a very weak rose tinge. The veil remnants at the bulb margin become dark rose (11A6–11B6) to dark red brown (11F8) with KOH.

Habitat: Grows with frondose trees and species of Cistaceae

Observations/Discussion: Apparently C. cisticola is able to form mycorrhiza with species of Cistaceae . We have found it in semi-open Mediterranean maqui on calcareous ground associated with Cistus spp. and in Northern Europe on alvar in association with Helianthemum nummularium. We have collected it once in a nemoral forest with Fagus sylvatica in Denmark, and it is known from Quercus-Corylus forest in Sweden. C. cisticola is recognised by the yellow pileus with whitish to brownish veil patches (not small scales) in combination with pale, violaceous lamellae, a white stipe and possibly also the ecology (if collected with cistaceous plants). Furthermore, it has a narrower, not distinctly flattened bulb, compared with similar species, which seems to be a useful diagnostic character. Considering the almost uniformly yellow pileus, C. cisticola is most likely to be confused with C. calochrous or C. sublilacinopes , but both these differ by a more intense yellow cap colour, wider and more flattened bulbs, distinct yellow universal veil remnants at the bulb margin, smaller spores (see Figs 2 and 3B ), and also often by having small, dark brown velar scales on the pileus. Normally, the most yellow variants of C. platypus also differ by a larger (wider) and more flattened bulb. Considering the indistinct appearance, it is possible that the species is not rare in suitable habitats, and simply may have been treated as C. calochrous sensu lato. We have, however, only found it twice with certainty in Scandinavia. Brandrud et al. (1989 – 1998) applied the name C. calochrous ssp. calochrous var. caroli for the species. The original description of Phlegmacium caroli ( Velenovsky 1920) is, however, insufficient to unambiguously apply to any of the presently recognized calochroid species. The type locality, Karlstejn near Prague in the Czech Republic, is very rich in calochroid Phlegmacium species that comply with the protologue. We found, for example, C. catharinae , C. sublilacinopes and C. ochraceopallescens there. Furthermore, no type was deposited, and as there exists no consensus usage of this name, the name is best treated as a nomen dubium. An ITS sequence from the holotype of C. cisticola is available at GenBank (accession DQ323963 ).

Additional specimens examined: Denmark: Sjaelland: Vejlø Skov, in mineral rich to calcareous soil under Fagus sylvatica, 23 Oct. 2004, T.S.J., TSJ2004-087 . ̅ France: Hérault: Montpellier , Gigean, Mt. du Gardiole , under Cistus sp. and Quercus coccifera on calcareous soil, 14 Nov. 2002, T.S.J. and T.G.F., TSJ2002-094 ; loc. cit., 3 Nov. 2005, T.S.J., TSJ2005-093 ; loc. cit., 11 Nov. 2005, T.S.J., TSJ2005- 144 ; loc. cit., TSJ2005-145 . ̅ Italy: Toscana: Versiliana, Viareggio (LU), in forest with Q. ilex, 2 Nov. 1997, G. Consiglio, D. Antonini, M. Antonini and R. Narducci, 97150 (as C. calochrous) (hb. Consiglio). ̅ Sweden: Vestergötland: Medelplana , Munkängarne , 17 Sep.1986, T.E. Brandrud, H. Lindström, H. Marklund, S. Muskos, CFP510 ( S); Öland: Åstad , on alvar with Helianthemum nummularium, 22 Sep. 2003, T.S.J. & T. Knutsson, TSJ2003-051 .

Figures

Fig 1 – Fruit bodies of the new species of Cortinarius. (A) C. albertii, TF2000-058 (holotype). (B) C. chailluzii, TSJ2000-085 (holotype). (C) C. cisticola, TSJ2002-081 (holotype). (D) C. langeorum, TF2000-012 (holotype). (E) C. sancti-felicis, TSJ2002-072 (holotype). (F) C. selandicus, TF2004-104 (holotype). (G) C. vesterholtii, TT1997-009 (holotype). Photographs A, D and G by T.G.F., B, C, E and F by T.S.J.

Fig 2 – Basidiospores. (A) Cortinarius albertii, TF2000-058 (holotype). (B) C. chailluzii, TSJ2000-085 (holotype). (C) C. cisticola, TSJ2002-081 (holotype). (D) C. langeorum, TF2000-012 (holotype). (E) C. sancti-felicis, TSJ2002-072 (holotype) (F) C. selandicus, TF2004-104 (holotype). (G) C. vesterholtii, TT1997-009 (holotype). (H) C. catharinae, TF2004-105. Scale bar = 10 Mm in each case.

Fig 3 – Spore scatter diagrams with each point representing average spore size of single collections. (A) Cortinarius albertii and C. catharinae (B) C. calochrous, C. catharinae, C. chailluzii, C. cisticola and C. sublilacinopes. (C) C. vesterholtii, C. insignibulbus, C. nymphicolor, C. parasuaveolens, C. sanctifelicis and C. selandicus.

Fig 4 – Fruit body habit of the new Cortinarius species. C. albertii, TF2000-058 (holotype). (B) C. chailluzii, TSJ2000- 085 (holotype). (C) C. cisticola, TSJ2002-081 (holotype). (D) C. langeorum, TSJ2003-057 (middle) and TSJ1999-089. (E) C. sancti-felicis, TSJ2002-072 (holotype). (F) C. vesterholtii, TSJ1999-039 (right) and TF2004-101. Drawn to scale. Scale bar = 1 cm in each case.