Cornopsylla zanthoxylae

Luo, Xinyu, Li, Qiang, Li, Fasheng & Cai, Wanzhi, 2013, A revision of the endemic Chinese genus Cornopsylla (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), with potential pests on Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae), Zootaxa 3646 (2), pp. 127-148 : 131-134

Cornopsylla zanthoxylae Li

( Figs 1–22 , 57 )

Cornopsylla zanthoxylae Li, 1994: 177 ; 2011: 555.

Adult. Coloration: Body generally green. Vertex green in ground color, discal foveae and surrounding area light orange, leaving only margin of vertex green. Genal processes green. Compound eyes light brown, ocelli orange. Antenna green, with black apices on segments III–VIII, segments IX–X entirely black. Mesopraescutum and mesoscutum with orange stripes/patterns. Metascutum and metapostnotum mostly orange. Femur of fore leg light brown, with one green patch in each side of subapex. Femur of mid and hind legs yellow to green. Tibia and tarsus of each leg yellow. Fore wing hyaline and clear, veins yellowish brown. Hind wing hyaline. Abdomen orange. Male terminalia yellow in general, apical tooth of paramere black. Ventral surface of female proctiger more or less blackened. Apex of female subgenital plate black.

Structures: Body long, relatively slender and hairy. Head ( Fig. 1 ) large, slightly wider than mesoscutum, inclined from longitudinal body axis by about 60°. Genal processes ( Fig. 1 ) long-cone shaped, slightly longer than vertex along median suture, slightly constricted in middle; apex subacute, genal whip setae not significantly longer than normal setae. Metatibia without basal spine, apical spurs ( Fig. 12 ) typically 8, randomly grouped except for “thumb” and “little finger”. Fore wing ( Fig. 8 ) oblong oval, widest at apical 1/3; pterostigma long and narrow, smoothly transiting into vein R1; C+Sc, R1, R+M+Cu1, R, base of Rs and A1+2 with extraordinary long setae, gradually turning into normal tiny pterogostic setae apically; surface spinules present in all cells, leaving wide spinule-free bands along veins; radular spinules present in cells cu1, m2 and m1, in r2 too dim to be told.

Male terminalia: Proctiger ( Fig. 2 ) tubular and slightly curved, covered with long setae that grow denser apically. Paramere ( Figs 2, 3 & 16 ) in profile long and slender, with about basal 1/6 rooted in subgenital plate; broad basally, growing narrow apically, posterior margin gently extending caudad at basal 1/3, subapex widened and curving, making apex strongly curved inward; apical tooth ( Fig. 4 ) relatively short, broad and blunt, pointing cephalad, with its base slightly constricted; anterior margin of subapical widened section serrate, with one strong seta growing from each “sawtooth”; apical half of outer surface evenly setosed; inner surface with sparse short setae in apical half, and dense long setae in basal half; three short setae based in inner surface of apical tooth always present. Distal segment of aedeagus ( Fig. 5 ) slightly curved; apical dilatation taking about 1/4 length of distal segment of aedeagus, smoothly transiting from the latter, with apex margin nearly quadrate; sclerotised end tube of ductus ejaculatorius strongly curved caudad-dorsally, rising high beyond dorsal surface. Subgenital plate ( Fig. 2 ) with one horizontal band of moderately long setae in dorsal margin and evenly spaced long setae in ventral surface.

Female terminalia ( Fig. 6 ): Bulging before apical process of proctiger rather smooth. Apical process of proctiger thick and moderately rising upward, with dorsal surface nearly straight; setation in apical process of proctiger asymmetrical by longitudinal body axis, each seta in figure maybe absent. Subgenital plate wide and subglobular in basal half, strongly shrinking in mid, then gradually attenuated apically; several long setae present in basal half of narrow part; membranous part anterior to base with one or two long setae.

Intraspecific variation: Genal processes of this species are either closely adjacent or divergent, with extent between shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 18 . Also in many individuals ( Fig. 19 ) genal process is rather thick, with apex relatively rounded, which is in most cases observed for females. Cell m1 of fore wing slightly varies among individuals in relative length and width. In one extreme case vein M3+4 is about as long as vein M, and it is considered malformation which frequently happens to venation of psyllids. In terms of surface spinules of fore wing, females possess considerably larger spinule fields than males in cells c+sc and r1, in r1 about 1.5 times as wide as that of males and in c+sc two separated fields nearly touching.

Fifth instar nymph. Coloration: For specimens dissected and made into permanent slide. All sclerites of head and thorax, wing pads and legs yellow. Compound eyes red judging from remaining tissues. Antenna yellow, with black apices on segments 4–7; segment 8 black except for basal 1/6. Caudal plate both ventrally and dorsally dark brown. Ventral abdominal 2+2 large lateral free sclerites and 1+1 large median free sclerites dark brown.

Structures: Body margin not expanded before fore wing pad ( Fig. 20 ). Tarsal arolium ( Fig. 22 ) rather small and fan-shaped, with anterior margin deeply depressed; lateral lobe narrow; unguitractor relatively broad. Field anterior to circum anal pore field rising upward and strongly extending caudad, forming one “cave” with “roof” dehiscing, covering most of pore field, with posterior margin of inner and outer circum anal pore ring and anus visible ( Fig. 21 ). Outer circum anal pore ring complete, consisting of long-narrow suture-shaped pores; posterior margin moderately depressed. Inner circum anal pore ring consisting of small ellipse pores; posterior margin complete, anterior margin broken in middle. 2+2 strong setae present anteriolaterally to anal pore field, the line connecting their roots strongly curved, nearly U-shaped ( Fig. 21 ).

Materials examined. Holotype: Male, dry mounted, China, Guizhou, Guiyang, Huaxi, Guizhou University, 1100 m, on Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum , 23.viii.1988, Li Fasheng. Allotype: female, dry mounted, the same data as holotype.

Paratypes: 18 male, 20 female, dry mounted; 3 5th-instar nymphs, permanent slide, same data as holotype. 3 male, 9 female, dry mounted, China, Guizhou, Guiyang, 1100 m, on Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum , 19.viii.1988, Li Fasheng. 1 male, 7 female, dry mounted, China, Guizhou, Guiyang, Qianling Mountain, 1200 m, on Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum , 10.vi.1981, Li Fasheng.

Host plant: Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum (yi ye hua jiao).

Remarks: This species was also recorded by Tang (2007) from another two localities from Guizhou: Guanling, Huajiang, around N 105.6° E 25.7°, 650 m, 24.ix.2005; and Libo, Banzhai Village, around N 108.0° E 25.2°, 500-560 m, 16–18.vi.2006.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 8. Cornopsylla zanthoxylae Li, adult. 1. Male head, antennae removed; 2. male terminalia, in profile, without distal segment of aedeagus and phallobase; 3. inner view of paramere; 4. dorsal view of apex of paramere; 5. distal segment of aedeagus; 6. female terminalia, inner valvulae removed; 7. apical part of antenna; 8. fore wing of a male. Scale: for 1, 0.150 mm; for 2 & 7, 0.226 mm; for 3 & 5, 0.200 mm; for 4, 0.035 mm; for 6, 0.160 mm; for 8, 0.500 mm.

FIGURES 9 – 17. Cornopsylla zanthoxylae Li, adult. 9. Lateral aspect of pronotum and propleurite; 10. mesopleurite; 11. metacoxa and metatrochanter; 12. apex of metatibia; 13. clypeus and mouthpart; 14. hind wing; 15. dorsal view of female proctiger; 16. caudal view of parameres; 17. inner valvulae of female terminalia, in profile. Scale: for 9, 10 & 15, 0.258 mm; for 11, 13 & 17, 0.160 mm; for 12, 0.322 mm; for 14, 0.500 mm; for 16, 0.200 mm.

FIGURES 18 – 19. Cornopsylla zanthoxylae Li, adult, showing variation of genal processes, setation neglected. 18. Head of a male, genal processes divergent; 19. head of a female, genal processes rather robust. Scale: 0.150 mm.

FIGURES 20 – 22. Cornopsylla zanthoxylae Li, fifth instar nymph, male. 20. Overall view, left half shows dorsal aspect, right half shows ventral aspect; 21. caudal plate, ventral view; 22. tarsal arolium. Scale: for 20, 0.600 mm; for 21, 0.140 mm; for 22, 0.050 mm.

FIGURES 57 – 62. SEM photos for Cornopsylla spp. 57. Microscopic structure in vertex of Cornopsylla zanthoxylae Li; 58. Microscopic structure in vertex of Cornopsylla magna sp. nov.; 59. Microscopic structure in vertex of Cornopsylla rotundiconi sp. nov.; 60. Microscopic structure in vertex of Cornopsylla trichotoma Li; 61. circum anal pore field of fifth instar nymph of Cornopsylla magna sp. nov.; 62. circum anal pore field of fifth instar nymph of Cornopsylla rotundiconis sp. nov. Scales given in each figure.