Tetromma lutea, Keyserling, 1878

RAMÍREZ, MARTÍN J., 2003, The Spider Subfamily Amaurobioidinae (Araneae, Anyphaenidae): A Phylogenetic Revision At The Generic Level, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2003 (277), pp. 1-262 : 110-114

Tetromma lutea : Bonnet, 1959: 4364 (emendation of T. luteum Keyserling ).

SYNONYMY: The description by L. Koch (1866) is headed ‘‘ Anyphaena citrina Nicol. ?’’, with a reference to Clubiona citrina Nicolet (1849: 433) . This is not the description of a new species ( Bonnet, 1957: 2098; contra Roewer, 1954: 540). Clubiona citrina Nicolet (see Nomen Dubium under Monapia ) was transferred by Simon (1897a: 92) to Gayenna . Simon gave the name Anyphaena nicoleti (1897a: 92) to the species that L. Koch identified as ‘‘ Anyphaena citrina Nicol. ?’’, and seven lines below named the same species as Haptisus nicoleti . Hence, the types of Anyphaena nicoleti Simon, 1897 are the specimens identified by L. Koch (1866) as ‘‘ Anyphaena citrina Nicol. ?’’ (Bogota´, BMNH). I have seen drawings of the holotype of Tetromma luteum (thanks to John Murphy and Norman Platnick , in litt.). It is a teratological female, with only three eyes (both AME and left ALE ). The epigyne is normal, allowing acceptable identification. The holotype of Gayenna riveti Berland also does not show differences in the epigyne.

DIAGNOSIS: Very similar to J. riveti in the epigyne, distinguished by the sinuous posterior borders of epigynal lateral lobes.

FEMALE (Bogota´, MHNP 3510): Total length 10.08. Carapace length 3.50, width 2.83, wider on legs II–III. Length of tibia/ metatarsus: I, 2.25/2.75; II, 2.20/2.05; III, 1.80/1.90; IV, 2.15/2.32. Chelicerae unmodified, with two teeth on retromargin (fig. 55D). Spines: leg I, femur d 1–1–1, p 0­ d1­ (1­ d1) or 0­ d1­ d1; tibia v 2–2–2; metatarsus v 2bas. II, femur = I; tibia v 2–2–2, p 0–1; metatarsus v 2bas, d p1bas. III, femur d 1– 1–1, p and r 0­ d1­ d1; patella rd1; tibia v 2– 2–2 or p1–2–2, p and r 1­ d1­ 1­ 0; metatarsus v 2–0–2, p and r 1­ d1–1, d 0­ p1–2. IV, femur d 1–1–1, p 0­ d1­ d1, r d1ap; patella r d1; tibia = III; metatarsus v 2–2–2, p and r 1­ d1–1, d 0­ p1–2. Abdomen length 6.58, width 4.67, spiracle–epigastrium 2.86, spiracle– spinnerets 1.35. Color: carapace grayish with dark median longitudinal band, slightly dark­ er on cephalic area, ocular area dark gray, clypeus with white hairs. Legs gray with dorsal dark longitudinal stripes as: I and II, tibiae d 3–1–1 short; metatarsi d 1–1, basal long. III, IV tibiae d p2­ r2­ r1 short; metatarsi = I. Abdomen yellowish with grayish dorsal pattern, venter with grayish median longitudinal band. Epigyne (fig. 55A–C): median field wide, oval in posterior view. Lateral lobes approaching each other, limiting narrow notch between two rounded projections, each with anterior depression. Copulatory ducts long, coiled. Ducts of accessory bulbs long, converging.

MALE: Unknown.

NATURAL HISTORY: Unknown.

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from Bogotá and probably from Tungurahua, Ecuador.

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: COLOMBIA: Bogota´, no date, no collector, 1♀ (MHNP 3510). ECUADOR: Tungurahua: (two labels) Mt. Tungurahua or Baños (?), 1850 or 3800 m (?), 6.I.1938 or 1.XI.1937 (?), W.M. Clarke­Macintyre, 1♀ (AMNH).

Josa riveti (Berland) , new combination Figure 56

Gayennella riveti Berland, 1913: 100 (female immature holotype from Ecuador, Borma, El Pelado, G. Rivet, 1905, in MHNP, examined).

NOTE: Berland (1913: 102) described an immature female, and he seemed clear in that the specimen from El Pelado was the holotype (‘‘Je crée un genre noveau pour une araignée de El Pelado’’). He mentioned also one female and an immature male from Yana­Urcu (in MHNP, examined). Both vials in MHNP are labeled ‘‘Type du genre et de l’especie’’. The present knowledge of the genus does not permit the identification of immatures, so I provisionally distinguished the species based on the female from Yana­Urcu.

DIAGNOSIS: Very similar to J. lutea in the epigyne, distinguished by the slightly curved, almost straight posterior borders of the epigynal lateral lobes. Males can be distinguished from similar Josa species by the small apical bifurcation of the conductor.

FEMALE (Zumbahua, MACN­Ar 9813): Total length 12.40. Carapace length 5.05, width 3.46, wider between legs II and III. Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 2.73/2.27; II, 2.73/2.27; III, 2.27/2.53; IV, 3.30/3.78. Palpal tarsus length 1.63. Chelicerae with two teeth on retromargin (fig. 56F). Sternum (fig. 56G) length 2.50, width 1.83. Spines: leg I, femur d 1–1–1, p 2ap; tibia v 0–2–2 or p1– 2–2 or 2–2–2; metatarsus v 2bas. II, femur d 1–1–1, p d1ap; tibia v r1–2–2 or 2–2–2, p 0 or 0–1; metatarsus v 2bas. III, femur d 1– 1–1, p and r 0­ d1­ d1 or p d1­ d1­ d1; patella d d1; tibia v 2–2–2 (the r1bas smaller), p and r 1­ d1­ 1­ 0, d r1bas; metatarsus v 2–2–2, p and r d1–1–1, d 0–2–2. IV, femur d 1–1–1, p 0­ d1­ d1, r d1ap; patella r d1; tibia and metatarsus = III. Dorsal long, thin, erect bristles on patellae (d 1–0–1) and tibiae (d r1–0–1). Abdomen length 7.95, width 4.50, spiracle–epigastrium 3.60, spiracle–spinnerets 1.83. Color (from several specimens): carapace grayish with darker sides, legs grayish, coxae pale, sternum grayish, paler at center, mouthparts dark. Abdomen with pattern of grayish spots on paler background, dorsal pattern variable, often with anterior dark bands on cardiac area, one anterior band at each side, several chevrons extending to spinnerets; venter variable from pale to dark, may have diffuse median longitudinal dark band. Epigyne (fig. 56H–J): median field wide, sclerotized, trapezoidal in posterior view, ventral angles rounded. Lateral lobes close to each other, forming narrow notch between posterior projections, shallow depression anterior to each projection of lateral lobes. Copulatory ducts very long, coiled. Ducts of accessory bulbs long, converging.

MALE (Zumbahua, MACN­Ar 9813): Total length 8.40. Carapace length 3.99, width 2.87. Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 2.57/2.13; II, 2.50/2.07; III, 2.07/2.17; IV, 2.83/3.17. Chelicerae narrower than those of female. Sternum length 2.00, width 1.47. Spines as in female, except: leg I, femur r 0 or d1 or 0­ d1­ d1; tibia v 2–2–2, p 1­ d1­ 1­ 0, r 1­ 0­ 1­ 0 or 1–0; metatarsus p 0 or d1. II, femur p 0­ d1­ d1 or 0­ d1–2, r d1 or 0­ d1­ d1; tibia v 2–2–2, p 1­ d1­ 1­ 0, r 1­ 0­ 1­ 0; metatarsus p = I. Abdomen length 4.66, width 2.28, spiracle–epigastrium 1.63, spiracle–spinnerets 0.94. Color as in female, often darker, more heavily contrasting. Copulatory bulb (fig. 56A–E): median apophysis wide, with two tips, apical tip with ventral canal. Secondary conductor bifid just at apex. Paramedian apophysis heavily sclerotized, with one rounded cusp with sharp border, fused to tegulum and primary conductor. Embolus very long, apex describing complete loop between bulb and cymbium.

VARIABILITY: Female spines: III, IV, metatarsus d 0­ p1–2. Males from Volcán Chiles have slightly different MA (compare fig. 56D and E).

NATURAL HISTORY: Unknown. Some specimens were collected under rocks in high­altitude grasslands.

DISTRIBUTION: Highlands of Ecuador and Bolivia.

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: ECUADOR: Carchi: Volcán Chiles, 0°47̍40̎N, 77°57̍00̎W, above Naranjal , páramo grassland, 4050 m, sample 286 (pitfall), 10.VIII.1997, N. Atkins, 1♀ ( UPBS) ; sample 285, 13 1♀; sample 284, 0°47̍15̎N, 77°56̍45̎W, 23. Cotopaxi: 5 km E Zumbahua , W Latacunga, ca. 3500 m, 18.IV.1982, A. Roig, 3♀ 23 2 immatures ( MACN­Ar 9813 ) ; Lacatunga to Quevedo , 3600 m, 15.VIII.1965, L. Peña, 13 ( MCZ). Pichincha: 10 km E Pifo, 30.VII.1978, A. Roig, 13 4♀ 1 immature ( MACN­Ar) ; 15 km E Pifo , grassland with cattle, under stones, 3.V.1982, A. Roig, 23 7♀ 4 immatures ( MACN­Ar) ; 22 km E Pifo , 3.V.1982, under stones, A. Roig, 5♀ 1 immature

(MACN­Ar). BOLIVIA: La Paz: Botijlaca, 3600 m, 2.XI.1984, L.E. Peña, 1♀ (AMNH).

Josa personata (Simon) , new combination Figure 57

Olbus personatus Simon, 1896b: 506 (female holotype from Ecuador Meridional, Amazula, Gaujon coll., in MHNP 9776, examined), 1897a: 93, 102.

Olbophthalmus personatus : Petrunkevitch, 1928: 173. Simon, 1904: 98.

NOTE: Olbophthalmus lojensis Berland (1913: 104 ; one female and one male without palps syntypes, from Ecuador, Loja, 2200 m, in MHNP, examined) may be a junior synonym. Because I have seen other very similar species represented only by small samples, a synonymy is postponed until more conclusive evidence is available .

DIAGNOSIS: Resembles J. calilegua in having a pale body and recurved posterior eye row, but distinguished by having two teeth on the cheliceral retromargin and simple ridges on the epigynal lateral lobes.

FEMALE (holotype): Total length 4.73. Carapace length 2.38, width 2.02, wider between legs II and III. Posterior eye row recurved, AME larger than ALE (fig. 57A, B). Length of tibia/metatarsus: I, 2.08/1.63; II, 2.06/ 1.83; III, 1.45/1.45; IV, 1.78/1.70. Chelicerae with two teeth on retromargin. Sternum length 1.48, width 1.20. Spines: leg I, femur d 1–1–1, p 0–2­ d1; tibia v 2–2–0; metatarsus v 2bas. II, femur d 1–1–1, p 0­ d1­ d1; tibia and metatarsus = I. III, femur d 1–1–1, p 0­ d1­ d1, r d1ap; patella 0; tibia v 2–2–2, r d1– 1 or d1–0, d r1bas; metatarsus v 2–0–2, p and r d1–1, d 0–2. IV, femur d 1–1–1, p d1ap; patella 0; tibia v 2–2–2, p d1(small)­ 1, r 1­ d1­ 1­ 0, d r1bas; metatarsus v 2–0–2, p and r d1­ 1­ 0­ 1, d 1–2. Abdomen length 2.35, width 1.18, spiracle–epigastrium 1.35, spiracle–spinnerets 0.60. Color in alcohol: carapace and abdomen yellow, eyes bordered black. Chelicerae with anterior face dark gray, sternum and mouthparts yellow. Legs yellow with dorsal longitudinal lines dark gray: patellae, d 2bas, short; tibiae, d p2bas extending up to one­third or one­fourth of tibial length, d r2bas extending up to onehalf of tibial length, d 2bas short, d 1, and d r1. Metatarsi III, IV with apical bundle of white hairs on each side. Epigyne (fig. 57C– F) weakly sclerotized, spermathecae visible through cuticle; two posterior depressions, oriented forward. Lateral lobes separate, limiting shallow notch at posterior border of epigyne. Median field wide, oval in posterior view. Copulatory ducts very long, coiled. Ducts of accessory bulbs long, converging. Lumen of spermatheca elongate, coiled along with coils of copulatory duct. Fertilization ducts long, also coiled.

MALE: Unknown.

VARIABILITY: Spines: I, femur p 0­ 1­ d1­ 1 or 0­ 1­ d1­ 0. III, tibia p 0–1, r 0–1; metatarsus p and r d1­ 1­ 0­ 1, d p1–2.

NATURAL HISTORY: Unknown.

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: ECUADOR: Loja: Malacatos, 1900 m, 21–22.VIII.1977, L. Peña, 1♀ (AMNH).

Figures

Fig. 56. Josa riveti (Berland). A. Male copulatory bulb, retrolateral­ventral view (Cotopaxi, Zumbahua, MACN­Ar 9813). B. Same, partially expanded, retrolateral view. C. Same, embolus. D. Same, median apophysis, ventral­basal view. E. Median apophysis, ventral­basal view (Carchi, Volcán Chiles). F. Female mouth parts, ventral view (syntype). G. Same, sternum and coxae. H. Cleared epigyne, ventral view (MACN­Ar 9813). I. Same, epigyne, ventral view. J. Same, posterior view. Scale bars = A–E, J, 0.5 mm; F, G, 2.42 mm; H, 0.18 mm; I, J, 0.6 mm. (C1 = primary conductor; C2 = secondary conductor; MA = median apophysis; PBE = process on base of embolus; PMA = paramedian apophysis; T = tegulum.)

Fig. 57. Josa personata (Simon). A. Carapace (holotypus). B. Same, anterior view. C. Epigyne, ventral view (holotypus). D. Epigyne, posterior view (Loja, Malacatos). E. Cleared epigyne, vetral view (holotypus). F. Same, cleared, right side, dorsal view. Scale bars = A, 1 mm; B, 0.5 mm; C–F, 0.1 mm. (FD = fertilization duct.)