Cladomorphus pleuracanthus, Hennemann & Conle, 2024

Hennemann, Frank H. & Conle, Oskar V., 2024, Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XXVI: Taxonomic review of Cladomorformia tax. n., a lineage of Diapheromerinae stick insects, with the descriptions of seven new genera and 41 new species (Phasmatodea: Occidophasmata: Diapheromerinae), Zootaxa 5444 (1), pp. 1-454 : 47-48

6. Cladomorphus tuberculatus ( Piza, 1936: 98, fig. 1 (♀ )) [ Bacteria ]. HT, ♀: São Paulo, Brasilia, Agrn. Victor Valentie de Olivera col. [ESALQ]. (Synonymised with C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 by Zompro & Domenico, 2005: 258 in error) stat. rev., comb. n. ( Figs. 15C , 16H , 17B, 17E–F , 18K–L , 98J )

= Phibalosoma paulense Piza, 1938a: 41 , fig. 2 (♂). HT, ♂: São Paulo; Phibalosoma paulense Piza ♂ Tipo [ESALQ]. (Synonymised with C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 by Zompro & Domenico, 2005: 258 in error)

= Cladomorphus trimariensis Kumagi & Fonseca, 2009: 41 , figs. 1, 2A–b, 3A–b, 4a, 5a, c, d. HT, ♀: Três Marias, 2001 N. G. Fonseca col. [BHMH]; PT, 2 eggs: Três Marias, 2001 N. G. Fonseca col.; laid by holotype [BHMH]; PT, 6 ♀♀, 16 ♂♂: Captive reared, F1 [BHMH]. syn. n.

= Bacteria tuberculata var. argentina Piza, 1939: 113 , fig. (♀). HT, ♀: Jujuy, Dto. C. Ovejero, Santa Clara, Argentina, Dr. Aristides Fiora col.; no. 36991 [ESALQ—not traced]. (Synonymised with C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 by Zompro & Domenico, 2005: 258 in error) syn. n.

Remarks: Although differing by a wide range of features Zompro & Domenico (2005: 258) erroneously synonymised Bacteria tuberculata Piza, 1936 with C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 . Although the generic placement in Cladomorphus is correct, C. tuberculatus clearly represents a distinct species whose ♀♀ differ from those of C. phyllinus by e. g. the slenderer body, less dense but more rough and irregularly dispersed tuberculations of the thorax, longer and much slenderer subgenital plate, bidentate praeopercular organ (prominently tridentate in phyllinus ) and lack of a prominent sub-basal spine on the two outer ventral carinae of the meso- and metafemora. Consequently, C. tuberculatus is here re-established as a valid species (stat. rev.). Also Bacteria tuberculata var. argentina Toledo Piza, 1939 was synonymised in error with C. phyllinus by Zompro & Domenico (2005: 258) and is here treated as a synonym of C. tuberculatus (syn. n.). Phibalosoma paulense Toledo Piza, 1938 was described based on a ♂ from São Paulo and is as well not a synonym of C. phyllinus as erroneously stated by Zompro & Domenico (2005: 258). Instead, the prominent pair of cephalad tubercles, less decided thoracic granulation, distinct medio-dorsal lobe of the meso- and metatibiae and prominently rounded dorsal carina of the probasitarsus show Ph. paulense to be the opposite sex of C. tuberculatus and a synonym consequently (syn. n.). Cladomorphus trimariensis Kumagi & Fonseca, 2009 was described from Minas Gerais and matches perfectly with two ♀♀ from Jujuy, NW-Argentina at hand from NHMW ( Fig. 16C ). The latter locality is the type-locality of Piza’s Bacteria tuberculata var. argentina , which in combination with the fairly detailed description and illustration of C. tuberculatus provided by Toledo Piza (1936: 98) leave no doubt C. trimariensis is the same species (syn. n.). Detailed descriptions and illustrations of both sexes and the eggs were provided by Kumagi & Fonseca (2009). A ♀ in MHNG is the first record of C. tuberculatus from Paraguay.

Distribution: Brazil: SE-Brazil, Est. São Paulo [ESALQ]; E-Brazil, Est. Minas Geraïs, Três Marias [BHMH]; E-Brazil, Est. Minas Geraïs, Pirapora [MNHN]; W-Brazil, Est. Mato Grosso, Río Paraguay, Cáceres [UFVB]; W-Brazil, Dept. Mato Grosso, Cuiabá [ZMPA]; Argentina: NE-Argentina, Santa Clara, Jujuy [ESALQ, NHMW]; NE-Argentina [FH, OC]; Paraguay: E-Paraguay, Alto Paraná, Ciudad del Este [MHNG]; Paraguay [USNM].

Keys to the species of Cladomorphus

♀♀ *

1. Meso- and metapleurae unarmed (at best minutely spinulose).................................................. 2

- Meso- and metapleurae armed with prominent spines ( Fig. 16B )................................. pleuracanthus sp. n.

2. Two outer ventral carinae of meso- and metafemora with an obtuse expansion or lobe sub-basally......................3

- Two outer ventral carinae of meso- and metafemora with an acutely pointed spine sub-basally......................... 5

3. Subgenital plate long and projecting beyond apex of abdomen by at least the combined length of two terminal abdominal terga; back of head moderately convex.......................................................................... 4

- Subgenital plate short and extending by less than combined length of two terminal abdominal terga; back of head strongly conically raised; French Guiana................................................................... guianensis

4. Thorax sparsely, obtusely and very unevenly tubercular; S-Brazil, N-Argentina & Paraguay................. tuberculatus

- Thorax evenly and densely granulose/tubercular; NE-Brazil............................................ aborigenus

5. Meso- and metathorax tubercular; praeopercular organ tridentate ( Fig. 90A )................................. phyllinus

- Meso- and metahorax uniformly and densely spinulose; praeoperculr organ bidentate ( Fig. 90B )................... rubus

♂♂ *

1. Poculum with an elongate apical protrusion or appendix....................................................... 2

- Poculum without an apical protrusion or appendix; French Guiana........................................ guianensis

2. Mesonotum densely granulose/tubercular; probasitarsi slender or at best gently rounded dorsally........................3

- Granules of mesonotum very sparse and indistinct; all basitarsi with a distinct rounded dorsal lobe ( Fig. 17B ); S-Brazil, NArgentina & Paraguay......................................................................... tuberculatus

3. Ventral carinae of legs smooth to minutely granulose.......................................................... 4

- All ventral carinae of mid and hind legs densely spinulose.................................................. rubus

4. Mesothorax densely and evenly set with black granules, nodules or tubercle; tegmina at best with a washed whitish posterior marking; S-Brazil & NE-Argentina................................................................. phyllinus

- Granules of mesonotum sparse and dull yellow with black tips; tegmina with anterior margin broadly white; N-Brazil................................................................................................. aborigenus

[* ♂♂ of C. pleuracanthus sp. n. are not known]

Figures

FIGURE 15. Cladomorphus Gray, 1835: A. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♀ (Brazil, Espirito Santo), habitus dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0184–1]; B. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♀ (Brazil, Est. Rio de Janeiro, Jedenfalls), habitus dorsal view [ZMUH]; C. C. tuberculatus (Piza, 1936) ♀ (Argentina), habitus dorsolateral view [NHMW]; D. C. rubus (Saussure, 1861) ♀ (Brazil, San Antonio de Jesu), habitus dorsolateral view [ANSP].

FIGURE 16. Cladomorphus Gray, 1835: A. C. aborigenus (Giglio-Tos, 1910) ♀ HT (Brazil), habitus lateral view [MRSN]; B. C. pleuracanthus sp. n. ♀ HT (Brazil, Est. Bahia, Bana da Varzinha), habitus dorsal view [CEIOC]; C. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♀, head and prothorax in lateral view [MNRJ]; D. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♀, head and prothorax in lateral view [MNHU]; E. C. rubus (Saussure, 1861) ♀, head and prothorax in dorsolateral view [MNHU]; F. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♂, head and pronotum and anterior portion of mesonotum in dorsal view [ZMUH]; G. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♂, head and prothorax in dorsolateral view [coll. FH]; H. C. tuberculatus (Piza, 1936) ♀, head and prothorax in lateral view [MHNG].

FIGURE 17. Cladomorphus Gray, 1835: A. C.phyllinus Gray,1835 ♂ (Brazil,Santa Catharina,San Bento do Sul, RioVermelho), habitus dorsolateral view [coll. FH, No. 0184–5]; B. C. tuberculatus (Piza, 1936) ♂ (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Pirapora), habitus dorsolateral view [MNHN] (Arrows indicate the diagnostic characters, i. e. the dorsal crest of probasitarsus, cephalic horns, dorso-apicla lobe of meso- and metafemora and distinct medio-dorsaö lobe of mesotibiae); C. C. aborigenus (Giglio-Tos, 1910) ♂ (Brazil, R. G. Norie, Natal), habitus lateral view [MNRJ]; D. C. aborigenus (Giglio-Tos, 1910) ♂ (Brazil, R. G. Norie, Natal), habitus dorsal view [MNRJ]; E. C. tuberculatus (Piza, 1936) ♂, terminalia in lateral view [MNHN]; F. C. tuberculatus (Piza, 1936) ♂, terminalia in dorsal view [MNHN]; G. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♂, terminalia in lateral view [ZMUH]; H. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♂, terminalia in dorsal view [coll. FH]; J. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835 ♂, terminalia in ventral view [MNHU].

FIGURE 18. Cladomorphus Gray, 1835, terminalia of ♀♀: A. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835, lateral view [coll. FH]; B. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835, dorsal view [MNHU]; C. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835, dorsal view [FIOCRZ]; D. C. phyllinus Gray, 1835, ventral view [MNHU]; E. C. rubus (Saussure, 1861), lateral view [ANSP]; F. C. rubus (Saussure, 1861), dorsal view [ANSP]; G. C. rubus (Saussure, 1861), ventral view [ANSP]; H. C. aborigenus (Giglio-Tos, 1910) HT of C. marcelloi Piza in litt., lateral view [ESALQ]; J. C. aborigenus (Giglio-Tos, 1910) HT of C. marcelloi Piza in litt., ventral view [ESALQ]; K. C. tuberculatus (Piza, 1936), lateral view [USNM]; L. C. tuberculatus (Piza, 1936), dorsal view [USNM]; M. C. pleuracanthus sp. n. HT, lateral view [CEIOC] (Arrow and dotted line indicated the broken off gonapophyses VIII); N. C. pleuracanthus sp. n. HT, dorsal view [CEIOC]; O. C. pleuracanthus sp. n. HT, ventral view [CEIOC]. Arrows and dotted circles indicate the characterstic praeopercular organ thau is useful for species distinction.

FIGURE 90. Praeopercular organ of ♀♀: A. Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray, 1835 [coll. FH]; B. Cladomorpus rubus (Saussure, 1861) [ANSP]; C. Hirtuleius caudatus HT [MNHN]; D. Hirtuleiodes peruanus gen. n., sp. n. HT [MNHN]; E. Hirtuleiodes granuliceps (Conle, Hennemann & Gutiérrez, 2011) PT [MNCN]; F. Globocrania emesa (Westwood, 1859) ♀ HT of Bostra imperialis Redtenbacher, 1908 [MNHU]; G. Ocreatophasma elegans gen. n., sp. n. HT [MNHN]. Not in scale.

FIGURE 98. Eggs: A. Andeocalynda decorata Hennemann & Conle, 2020 [coll. FH]; B. Andeocalynda tenuis Hennemann & Conle, 2020 [coll. FH]; C. Calynda bicuspis Stål, 1875 [coll. FH]; D. Calynda coronata Carl, 1913 [coll. FH]; E. Spinocloidea panamaense gen. n., sp. n. PT [coll. FH]; F. Bostriana boliviana (Piza, 1939) [coll. FH]; G. Globocalynda unilobata (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) ex abdomen PLT of Globocalynda simplex (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) [NHMW, © 2019 Natural History Museum Vienna, NOaS Image Collection / H. Bruckner]; H. Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray, 1835 [coll. FH]; J. Cladomorphus tuberculatus (Piza, 1936) [coll. FH]; K. Jeremia gymnota Günther, 1930 [ZSMC]; L. Alienobostra remiformis (Rehn, 1904) Costa Rica, Monteverde [coll. FH]; M. Alienobostra remiformis (Rehn, 1904) Costa Rica, San Mateo [ANSP]; N. Lanceobostra aetolus (Westwood, 1859) [ANSP]; O. Globocrania culmus (Bates, 1865) [MZUSP, © Pedro Ivo Chiquetto-Machado]; P. Globocrania tabida (Redtenbacher, 1908) Brazil, Est. Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia N.P. [coll. FH]. [Scale = 1 mm]