Chrysotus maculatus (Parent) Parent, 2010

Capellari, Renato Soares & Amorim, Dalton De Souza, 2010, Re-description and new combination of five New World species of Chrysotus Meigen, with comments on the Neotropical genus Lyroneurus Loew (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), Zootaxa 2520, pp. 49-65 : 53-54

Chrysotus maculatus (Parent) , comb.nov.

( Figs. 5–8 , 19–20 )

Diaphorus maculatus Parent, 1934: 264 . Parent, 1939 (distr.).

Diaphorus maculipennis Robinson, 1970 (replacement name for D. maculatus Parent, 1934 nec Lyroneurus maculatus Parent, 1930 ).

Diagnosis. Male: Eyes not approximate, face and frons with parallel sides; vt present; legs mainly yellow, except CxII and tarsi; pulvilli not developed, claws present; wing membrane with a transverse brown spot; abdominal Tg2–5 with lateral yellow spots; St8 without striking bristles. Surstylus with a drop-like spine at apex; hypandrium enlarged apically.

Type material examined. Holotype ɗ, BRAZIL, Pará, Santarém (no date of collection or collectors indicated) ( BMNH).

Additional material examined. BRAZIL, Pará, Alter do Chão, 1 ɗ, 15-18.ii.1991, R. Aly. Vidal leg., malaise ( INPA); Amapá, Porto Platon, 2 ɗ, ix.1957, J. Lane leg. ( MZUSP); Maranhão, Mirador, Parque Estadual Mirador, 2 ɗ, 4 Ψ, 28-30.ix.2006, J.A. Rafael & F.L. Oliveira leg, sweeping ( INPA); Roraima, Ilha de Uraricoera, 1 Ψ, 21-30.xi.1987, J.A. Rafael et al. leg., malaise ( INPA); Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, 2 Ψ, 06.iii.1997, Barreira et al. leg. ( MZUSP); Ribeirão Cascalheira, 1 Ψ, 26.xi.2006, Calor, Silva & Mateus leg., light trap ( MZUSP); Minas Gerais, Delfinópolis, 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, 04-07.ix.2008, G.C. Ribeiro & J. Berbert leg. ( MZUSP); São Paulo, Nova Granada, 1 ɗ, iii.1960, J. Lane leg. ( MZUSP).

Re-description. Male. Body length: 5.3–5.5 mm. Wing: 4.6–5.6 mm long, 1.9–2.1 mm wide. Head. Dichoptic, frons and face equal in width, broad, around 1.5 times higher than broad; frons metallic green, with bluish and violet reflections; face dark metallic green, covered by silvery pruinosity; palpus yellow with black setae; proboscis brownish to dark yellow; 1 pair of strong, slightly divergent oc, and 1 pair of minute poc; 1 pair of strong vt, proclinate (as long as oc), 1 pair of pavt; a row of pale pocl, dorsal 8-9 dark, occiput flattened, lower surface with many long scattered pale setae. Scape, pedicel, and basal half of postpedicel yellow, distal half of postpedicel dark yellow to brown; scape conical, short; pedicel very short, rounded, with crown of little setae at apex, dorsalmost longer; postpedicel rectangular, almost 3 times broader than long, clearly pubescent, hairs white, stylus apical, dark yellow, bi-articulated at base, also pubescent. Thorax. Mainly shining green, pleura with yellowish spots, mesonotum with violet shine and bronze reflections on notopleuron, around transverse suture; proepisternum yellow, darker below, anepisternum dark yellow with greenish reflections, katepisternum shining green, mesepimeron dark green, with an yellow spot around posterior spiracle, metepimeron yellow; mesopleuron covered by silvery pruinosity. Ac absent; 6 pairs of long dc; 1 pre- and 1 sutural ia; 1 pre- and 2 post-sutural sa; 1 large pa with 1 minute anterior seta; 2 npl; anterior end of mesonotum with some scattered little setae on each side of median suture; 3 pprn, 1 very strong and 2 minute; lower surface of proepisternum with 3 brownish setae, ventralmost longer; upper surface of proepisternum in front of anterior spiracle bare; scutellum light green, with bluish to violet reflections, with pair of strong medial scutellars and 1 pair smaller laterad, about a half as long as medial scutellars. Wing ( Fig. 19 ). Membrane somewhat tinged of brown, a triangular brown transverse spot extending from anterior margin of wing, behind the end of R2+3, to CuA, interrupted between R4+5 and M (mssc). C ending beyond wing apex; R1 ending between basal third and fourth of wing; R2+3 not bent anteriorly at distal end; R4+5 curved backwards along its length, slightly convergent to M before reaching C; CuAx ratio, 0.4. A1 present, not reaching wing margin; anal angle enlarged. Lower calypter yellowish, cilia dark; halter yellow. Legs. I: 3.7, 3.8, 2.0, 1.1, 0.6, 0.4, 0.3. II: 4.4, 4.5, 1.8, 0.6, 1.0, 0.5, 0.3. III: 5.0, 5.1, 1.6, 1.1, 0.7, 0.3, 0.2. CxI and CxIII, trochanters, femora, tibiae and bases of tarsi yellow; CxII and tarsi from tip of t1 brown. Anterior surface of CxI with many little pale setae and some scattered larger black setae, outer edge with fringe of black setae; anterior surface of CxII with 1 lateral seta at base and 3 medial setae at apex more conspicuous, with diagonal row of black setae descendent internally; lateral of CxIII with 1 long, black basal seta and 1 minute black seta apically. FI with 2 pv at base and 3–4 pv at apex; FII with 1 large dorsal seta and 2–3 pd smaller at apex; FIII with 2 little ventral setae at base and 1–2 av at apex. TI with 2 dorsal setae at base and 2 pd, at base and near middle, and a ventral fine serration extending to tarsus; TII with 3 ad, 1 little at base and 2 larger at basal third, near middle, 2 pd at base and near middle, 1 ventral seta on apical third; TIII with 3 ad, 2 basal and 1 near the middle, 3–5 pd more conspicuous, 3–5 little ventral setae. Apical tibial setae: 1, 4, 4. IIt1 with some stout ventral setae; ventral surface of IIIt1-2 with pale short serration and some more conspicuous stout black setae. Pulvilli not developed; claws present in all legs. Abdomen. Tg1 yellow, Tg2–6 dorsally bronze with some violet shine, sides with yellow spots extending dorsally, in Tg2–3 sometimes reaching each other on dorsum; Tg6 sometimes completely yellow; inferior margins of Tg2–5 with silvery pruinosity. Sternites yellow. Tergites covered by short black vestiture (Tg6 with very few setae), hind margins with strong bristles. St1 bare, St2–5 covered by short black vestiture. St8 only with black setae on distal margin. Hypopygium ( Figs. 5–6 ). Anterior margin of epandrium acuminate at level of emergence of hypandrium; lateral epandrial lobe projected, bearing 5–6 setae, basiventral seta present; surstylus short, bearing 1 little, drop-like, spine at apex, 2 ventral and 1 dorsal setae near middle. Proximal portion of hypandrium with short projection; apex with enlarged opening by which emerges the phallus. Arms of postgonite as long as anterior processes. Cercus elongate, subtriangular, yellow. Female. Body length: 4.4–5.7 mm. Wing: 4.0–5.0 mm long, 1.7–2.2 mm wide. Very similar to males, except as noted. Clypeal suture evident. Wing ( Fig. 20 ). Membrane hyaline, a slight brown cloud only around cross-vein dm-cu. Legs. I: 3.4, 3.3, 2.0, 0.8, 0.6, 0.2, 0.2. II: 4.0, 4.1, 2.2, 1.0, 0.6, 0.2, 0.2. III: 4.4, 4.5, 1.5, 1.0, 0.6, 0.3, 0.2. TI with 1 ad at base, 2 pd, 1 little at base and 1 larger near middle; TIII with 3 ad, 2 basal and 1 near middle, 3–4 pd on basal half. Abdomen. Tg2–5 dorsally shining green with bluish reflections, sides also with yellow spots. Terminalia ( Figs. 7–8 ). Anterior margin of Tg6–7 with deep inverted U-shaped incision (c.f. Fig. 15 ). Tg8 and St8 divided into two rod-like sclerites, St8 sclerites connected mesally by a sclerotized bridge; dorsal surface of acantophorites (Tg10) with a crest of 3–4 acute spines and 1 seta laterally, St10 with a group of setae medially.

Comments. Chrysotus maculatus strongly resembles Diaphorus mediotinctus Becker, 1922 and D. propinquus Becker, 1922 , both from Peru, due to the remarkably elongate triangular brown maculation on the distal two-thirds of the wing membrane. Becker (1922) did not refer to the yellow proepisternum, anepisternum, mesepimeron around the posterior spiracle, and the metepimeron of these two species, as is known in C. maculatus , neither the yellow lateral spots along Tg2–6 (in D. propinquus , only on Tg2–3). Possibly the latter two species are synonyms of C. maculatus , but their types will need to be examined to deal with this question more thoroughly.

Chrysotus maculatus was previously known only from the type-locality (Santarém, State of Pará, Brazil) and from Surinam. Additional material examined here extends its distribution from Amapá and Roraima, at the northern border of Brazil, to the State of São Paulo.

Figures

FIGURES 5 – 8. Chrysotus maculatus (Parent) comb. nov. (= Diaphorus maculipennis Robinson). 5 – 6. Male hypopygium, specimen from Nova Granada (5, ventral view; 6, left lateral view). 7 – 8. Female oviscapt, specimen from Nova Xavantina (7, dorsal view; 8, right lateral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 18 – 25. Wings of Chrysotus and Lyroneurus. 18. C. angustifrons (Robinson) comb. nov., male paratype. 19 – 20. C. maculatus (Parent) comb. nov. (= Diaphorus maculipennis Robinson) (19, male; 20, female). 21. C. robustus (Robinson) comb. nov., male paratype. 22. C. spectabilis (Loew), male. 23. C. wirthi (Robinson) comb. nov., male paratype. 24 – 25. L. adustus (Wiedemann), male. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 13 – 15. Chrysotus spectabilis (Loew), specimen from Dominica, B. W. I., female oviscapt (13, 15 dorsal view; 14, right lateral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.