Chromadorina Filipjev, 1918

Venekey, Virag, Gheller, Paula F., Kandratavicius, Noelia, Cunha, Beatriz Pereira, Vilas-Boas, Ana Carolina, Fonseca, Gustavo & Maria, Tatiana F., 2019, The state of the art of Chromadoridae (Nematoda, Chromadorida): a historical review, diagnoses and comments about valid and dubious genera and a list of valid species, Zootaxa 4578 (1), pp. 1-67 : 12-14

Genus Chromadorina Filipjev, 1918

This genus was proposed by Filipjev (1918) who designated C. obtusa Filipjev, 1918 as the type species; it was later revised by Wieser (1954). In the latter review, Heterochromadora Wieser, 1951 was synomized with Chromadorina and two species belonging to the former genus were transferred [C. cervix ( Wieser, 1951) and C. granulopigmentata ( Wieser, 1951) ]. In the same review several other species were also transferred from Spiliphera [ C. rognoeensis (Allgén, 1932) ], Chromadorita [ C. longisetosa ( De Coninck & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1933) ], Prochromadora [ C. macropunctata ( Wieser, 1954) ], Prochromadorella [ C. astacicola ( Schneider, 1932) and C. ocellata (Paramonov, 1929) ] and Chromadora [ C. armata ( Allgén, 1933) , C. bergensis (Allgén, 1932) , C. bioculata (Schultze in Carus, 1857) , C. erythrophtalma ( Schneider, 1906) , C. germanica ( Bütschli, 1874) , C. pacifica ( Allgén, 1947) , C. parobtusa ( Allgén, 1947) and C. viridis ( Linstow, 1876) ]. However, C. parobtusa and C. pacifica were considered as synonyms of C. laeta (de Man, 1876) , and C. ocellata was suggested to be a synonym of C. bioculata . C. cylindricauda (Allgén, 1928) was regarded as a dubious species by Wieser (1954) and here we consider it as inquirendum since its original description is poor and is based on a single female. A key based on male characters was also developed by Wieser (1954), but fourteen of the current valid species were described later ( C. bercziki Andrássy, 1962 ; C. demani Inglis, 1962 ; C. epidemos Hopper & Meyers, 1967 ; C. hiromii Kito & Nakamura, 2001 ; C. incurvata Wieser, 1956 ; C. inversa Wieser, 1955 ; C. longispiculum Pastor de Ward, 1985 ; C. majae Wieser, 1968 ; C. metulata Aissa & Vitiello, 1977 ; C. micoletzkyi Inglis, 1962 ; C. nuda Wieser, 1954 ; C. paradoxa Timm, 1961 ; C. salina Belogurov, 1978 and C. supralitoralis Lorenzen, 1969 ). In the description of C. demani, Inglis (1962) argued concerning the validity of C. laeta , therefore a new name for C. laeta sensu Micoletzky, 1924 was proposed (therein called C. micoletzkyi Inglis, 1962 ) and C. laeta sensu Daday, 1901 , C. laeta sensu de Man, 1876 and C. laeta sensu Wieser, 1954 were considered species inquirenda due to the poor description provided by all these authors. C. pacifica and C. parobtusa are not considered as valid species here as they were previously indicated as possible synonyms of C. laeta ( Wieser 1954) . Finally, the most recently described species in this genus was C. hiromii by Kito & Nakamura (2001), but they pointed out to the similarity of this species to C. inversa , which was originally described by Wieser (1955) based on a single female from the Sea of Japan and subsequently re-described based on both genders from Mediterranean ( Wieser 1956). For Kito & Nakamura (2001), there is an uncertainty concerning conspecific specimens from Mediterranean and Japan and they suggested that topotypic males of C. inversa should be compared to C. hiromii . Here, we consider both species ( C. inversa and C. hiromii ) as valid until further studies are done.

Diagnosis (modified from Tchesunov 2014): Homogeneous punctated cuticle with transverse rows of dots and without lateral differentiation. Amphideal fovea, when visible, transverse slit-like. Buccal cavity with three (sub)equal solid teeth. Ocelli may be present. Cup-shaped precloacal supplements usually present. Tail elongateconoid with glands and well-developed spinneret. It is largely a marine genus (23 species) with only four limnetic species ( C. astacicola , C. bercziki , C. bioculata and C. viridis ). C. erythrophthalma , C. germanica and C. laeta live in marine habitats but occasionally can be found in island body waters.

Number of valid species: 27

Genus Chromadorina Filipjev, 1918

Syn. Heterochromadora Wieser, 1951

VALID SPECIES

1. Chromadorina armata ( Allgén, 1933) Wieser, 1954 ( Norway)

Syn. Chromadora armata Allgén, 1933

2. Chromadorina astacicola ( Schneider, 1932) Wieser, 1954 ( Germany)

Syn. Phrochromadorella astacicola Schneider, 1932

3. Chromadorina bercziki Andrássy, 1962 ( Hungary)

4. Chromadorina bergensis (Allgén, 1932) Wieser, 1954 ( Norway)

Syn. Chromadora macrolaima bergensis Allgén, 1932

5. Chromadorina bioculata (Schultze in Carus, 1857) Wieser, 1954 (?—no locality indicated)

Syn. Chromadora bioculata (Schultze in Carus, 1857) Bütschli 1873

Enoplus bidentatus Diesing, 1861

Prochromadorella bioculata (Schultze in Carus, 1857) Loof, 1961

Rhabditis bioculata Schultze in Carus, 1857

Spiliphera ophrydii Stefanski, 1914

Spiliphera paniewensis Stefanski, 1923

6. Chromadorina cervix ( Wieser, 1951) Wieser, 1954 (English Channel)

Syn. Heterochromadora cervix Wieser, 1951

7. Chromadorina demani Inglis, 1962 (Mediterranean)

8. Chromadorina epidemos Hopper & Meyers, 1967 (Florida)

9. Chromadorina erythrophthalma ( Schneider, 1906) Wieser, 1954 (Baltic)

Syn. Chromadora erythrophthalma Schneider, 1906

Heterochromadora erythrophthalma ( Schneider, 1906) Gerlach, 1951

Prochromadora erythrophthalma ( Schneider, 1906) Gerlach, 1951

Prochromadora orleji sensu Filipjev, 1930

Prochromadorella erythrophthalma ( Schneider, 1906) Schütz & Kinne, 1955

10. Chromadorina germanica ( Bütschli, 1874) Wieser, 1954 (Kiel Bay)

Syn. Chromadora droebachiensis Allgén, 1931

Chromadora germanica Bütschli, 1874

Chromadora minor Cobb, 1894

Chromadorina minor ( Cobb, 1894) Wieser, 1954

Heterochromadora germanica ( Bütschli, 1874) Wieser, 1951

Prochromadorella germanica ( Bütschli, 1874) De Connick & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1933 11. Chromadorina granulopigmentata ( Wieser, 1951) Wieser, 1954 (English Channel)

Syn. Heterochromadora granulopigmentata Wieser, 1951

12. Chromadorina hiromii Kito & Nakamura, 2001 (Sea of Japan)

13. Chromadorina incurvata Wieser, 1956 (Mediterranean)

14. Chromadorina inversa Wieser, 1955 (Sea of Japan)

15. Chromadorina longisetosa ( De Coninck & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1933) Wieser, 1954 (North Sea)

Syn. Chromadorita longisetosa De Coninck & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1933

16. Chromadorina longispiculum Pastor de Ward, 1985 (Deseado river, Argentina)

17. Chromadorina macropunctata ( Wieser, 1954) Wieser, 1954 (Mediterranean)

Syn. Prochromadora macropunctata Wieser, 1954

18. Chromadorina majae Wieser, 1968 (Mediterranean)

19. Chromadorina metulata Aissa & Vitiello, 1977 ( Tunisia)

20. Chromadorina micoletzkyi Inglis, 1962 (Red Sea)

Syn. Chromadorina laeta sensu Micoletzky, 1924

21. Chromadorina nuda Wieser, 1954 (Mediterranean)

22. Chromadorina obtusa Filipjev, 1918 (Black Sea)

23. Chromadorina paradoxa Timm, 1961 (Bay of Bengal)

24. Chromadorina rognoeensis (Allgén, 1932) Wieser, 1954 ( Norway)

Syn. Spiliphera rognoeensis Allgén, 1932

25. Chromadorina salina Belogurov, 1978 (Shikton Island, Japan)

26. Chromadorina supralitoralis Lorenzen, 1969 (North Sea; Germany)

27. Chromadorina viridis ( Linstow, 1876) Wieser, 1954 ( Germany)

Syn. Chromadora bathybia Daday, 1894

Chromadora lehberti Schneider, 1906

Chromadora oerleyi sensu Ditlevsen, 1911

Chromadora oerleyi sensu Plotnikov, 1901

Chromadora viridis Linstow, 1876

Prochromadorella viridis ( Linstow, 1876) Filipjev, 1930

SPECIES INQUIRENDA

1. Chromadorina cylindricauda (Allgén, 1928) Wieser, 1954 (Campbell Island)

2. Chromadorina laeta (de Man, 1876) Micoltezky, 1924 (Mediterranean)

3. Chromadorina ocellata (Paramonov, 1929) Wieser, 1954 (Black Sea)

4. Chromadorina pacifica ( Allgén, 1947) Wieser, 1954 (Hawaii; Australia; Gulf of Panama)

5. Chromadorina parobtusa ( Allgén, 1947) Wieser, 1954 (California, USA)