Chloroglyphica bicepslinea Xian & Han, 2022

Xian, Chunlan, Pan, Zhaohui & Han, Hongxiang, 2022, A new species of the genus Chloroglyphica Warren, 1894 (Lepidoptera, Geometroidea, Geometridae) from China, Zootaxa 5094 (1), pp. 196-200 : 197-198

Chloroglyphica bicepslinea Xian & Han sp. nov. ( Figs 1–3 , 7, 9, 11–12, 14)

Chloroglyphica glaucochrista glaucochrista: Ban et al. 2018 : voucher code LEP M 17085; Han et al. 2019: voucher codes LEP M 13771 and 17089, nec ( Prout, 1916).

Description. Head. Antenna bipectinate in male, pectination similar length with diameter of antennal shaft, filiform at apex and in female. Frons bluish green in fresh specimen (often yellow after discoloration), protruded. Labial palpus with first section white; second section white ventrally and at basal lateral side, other part brown; third section brown and white at tip. Vertex white.

Thorax. Dorsal side of thorax concolorous with wings, bluish green, white ventrally. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs in both sexes, that of male dilated with hair-pencil and terminal process.

Forewing length: ♂ 21–23 mm, ♀ 22–24 mm. Forewing with outer margin slightly concave above M 1 and nearly straight under M 1; inner margin straight, tornus nearly square. Wings bluish green. Forewing with costa straw-yellow, decorated with small dark brown patches. Blackish brown antemedial line wavy (clear or indistinct), narrow or broad, not reaching costa. Postmedial line black brown, dentate, straight, slightly extending beyond M 1 anteriorly; both sides closely accompanied with whitish scales, much clearer on veins and in some females; outside also accompanied with grayish brown band, separating from postmedial line and extends downwards at CuA 2, long or short, not reaching hind margin, forming an inversed Y-shape. Outside postmedial line, decorated with grayish brown patches in various size, more below M 3. Hind wing with apex rounded, outer margin with short tail process at M 3 end. Postmedial line similar with that of forewing, but the accompanied grayish brown band not diverging. Area between postmedial line to outer margin similar as forewing. Discal spot on both wings a dark brown dot, bordered with grayish brown. Fringes bluish green at basal half and white at distal half, brown from apex to M 1 on forewing, and brown on M 3 end on hind wing. Underside: Much paler than upper side. Forewing bluish green, silver gray near hind margin. Hind wing silver gray, bluish green near outer margin. Streaks on both wings almost identical to that of upper side, silver gray submarginal line visible, much clear on hind wing.

Abdomen. Dorsal side of abdomen bluish green in fresh specimen, with a row of white dots at middle on each segment. Sternite 3 of male abdomen with a pair of setal patches. Male eighth segment modified (Fig. 12), tergite with posterior margin nearly smooth at middle, with a pair of small lateral processes; sternite deeply concave at middle, nearly V-shaped, each arm with dense teeth on inner side.

Male genitalia (Figs 7, 9, 11). Uncus thin and hook-like, strongly curved and forming a right angle at base. Socii stout, expanded basally, bent in S-shape. Gnathos with median process short and broad, posterior margin not smooth. Valva long broad, central and basal half almost membranous, apex bluntly protruding; costa with basal half slightly concave and distal half convex, with a short tongue-like, spinulose, medioventral subbasal process. Transtilla a pair of rounded medial extensions of valvae. Juxta nearly rounded, with a pair of small posterior lateral extensions. Saccus semicircular. Coremata developed. Aedeagus slender, tapering, coecum digitiform, cornutus on vesica absent.

Female genitalia (Fig. 14). Ovipositor lobes strongly sclerotized, tapered, with sparse setae. Apophyses posteriores about three times of apophyses anteriores in length. Lamella postvaginalis a longitudinally elongated sclerite, spinulose, with folded ridges, posterior margin concave. A pair of sclerotized anterior invaginations between 7 th and 8 th abdominal segments present, spinulose, with folded ridges. Antrum very short, well sclerotized. Corpus bursae large, signum a small angular protrusion.

Diagnosis. In Chloroglyphica , on the wing pattern, Ch. devecisi , Ch. xeromeris and Ch. variegata are very different from the new species Ch. bicepslinea . For example, Ch. devecisi and Ch. xeromeris lack linear postmedial lines and only decorated with various patches; Ch. variegata possesses very broad accompanied grayish brown band, especially on hind wing, on which also decorated with distinct transverse stripes, almost reaching outer margin. Ch. bicepslinea is very similar to Ch. glaucochrista ( Figs 4–6 ) on wing pattern. Ch. bicepslinea can be distinguished by the distinctive forewing postmedial line, of which, the grayish brown accompanying band is diverging from the postmedial line near CuA 2. However, in Ch. glaucochrista , the accompanying band is indistinct, quite narrow, or not separated from the postmedial line. The male genitalia of Ch. bicepslinea are quite different from that of Ch. glaucochrista (Figs 8, 10) in several structures: the uncus of Ch. bicepslinea is strongly curved at base, and almost straight in Ch. glaucochrista ; the process on the valva is subdorsal, subbasal and short-tongue like in Ch. bicepslinea , while it is a basal and large triangular process in Ch. glaucochrista ; the ventral process of the valva is absent in Ch. bicepslinea but present in Ch. glaucochrista ; the aedeagus lacks a pointed process in Ch. bicepslinea , but possesses it in Ch. glaucochrista . The male eighth segment is also different: the tergite of Ch. bicepslinea only bears a pair of small lateral processes, however, the tergite of Ch. glaucochrista (Fig. 13) possesses a large pair of protrusions; the sternite of the former species is more deeply concaved, and decorated with longer spinules than the latter. In the female genitalia, the longitudinally elongated lamella postvaginalis and the paired anterior invaginations are also different from those of Ch. glaucochrista (Fig. 15).

Type material. Holotype ♂ ( IZCAS), CHINA: Tibet, Bomi, Tangmaidaqiao , 2037 m, 13–14.VI.2016, LEP M 20631, leg. Li Xinxin. Paratypes ( IZCAS): Tibet, 1♂ , same data as holotype, slide no. 6528 ; 1♂ 2♀, Nyingchi, Zhamo- Mêdog road, Yucheng restaurant, 2070 m, 25–26.VII.2019, leg. Guo Xiaojiang ; 1♀, Bomi, Yi’ongchachang, Luyingdi , 2076 m, 20.VII.2019, leg. Guo Xiaojiang, slide no. 6384 ; 3♀, Bomi , Tangmai-Yi’ong 12k, 2177 m, 20.VII.2019, leg. Guo Xiaojiang ; 5♂, Mêdog 80k, 2095 m, 2–3.VIII.2014, LEP M 13771, 17518, 17089, leg. Cheng Rui, Cui Le, slide no. 6531 ♂; 1♂ 1♀, Mêdog 80k, 2118 m, 25.VIII.2006, leg. Lang Songyun, slide no. 6568 ♀; 1♂ 1♀ ( IZCAS ex. TAAHU) , Bomi, Yi’ong , 11.VII.2017, leg. Pan Zhaohui, slide no. 6529 ♂; 1♂ ( IZCAS ex. TAAHU) , Nyingchi , 6.VII.2018, leg. Pan Zhaohui, slide no. 6530 .

Other material ( IZCAS). Tibet, 5♂ 12♀, Bomi, Tangmai, Tangmaidaqiao , 2025 m, 18–19.VII.2019, LEP M 42204 ♀, leg. Guo Xiaojiang, slide no. 6585 ♂, 6567 ♀; 3♂ 7♀, Bomi, Yi’ongchachang, Luyingdi , 2076 m, 20–21.VII.2019, leg. Guo Xiaojiang ; 2♀, Bomi, Tangmai to Yigong 12k, 2177 m, 20.VII.2019, leg. Guo Xiaojiang ; 3♂, Mêdog 80k, 2095 m, 2–3.VIII.2014, LEP M 17085, leg. Cheng Rui, Cui Le ; 1♂, Zayü, Xia Zayü , 1445 m, LEP M 16035, leg. Cheng Rui, Cui Le ; 1♂ 3♀ ( IZCAS ex. TAAHU), Nyingchi , 29.VII.2016, 6.VII.2018, leg. Pan Zhaohui.

Distribution. China (Tibet).

Etymology. The specific name is based on the Latin words biceps and linea, referring to the diverging accompanied band of the postmedial line.

Molecular data. Ch. bicepslinea and Ch. glaucochrista are clearly separated from each other in the COI barcode fragment (Fig. 16). The genetic distance between the two species ranges from 5.2% to 6.5%. The mean intraspecific distance of Ch. bicepslinea is 1.8% (min. 0%, max. 3.4%; n=6).

Remarks. Altogether 55 specimens of the new species were collected around Mêdog and Bomi counties. Unfortunately, many specimens were discoloured during the collecting and preparing processes, and are not suitable for being type specimens. There are two BINs in Ch. bicepslinea at distances of 2.8–3.4%. The first BIN including LEP M 20631 and 42204 from Tangmai, and specimens in the second BIN are from Mêdog 80k (80 th kilometer of the Zhamo-Mêdog road) and Xia Zayü. On the wing pattern, the diverging part of the accompanied band of the forewing postmedial line is shorter in the first BIN, and longer in the second. However, the male and female genitalia have no difference, and the localities are not far away from each other, so we hesitate to treat them as two separate species at moment. It is probable that the species is in the process of species differentiation.

Figures

FIGURES 1–6. Adults of Chloroglyphica. 1–3, Ch. bicepslinea sp. nov. 1, male, holotype, IZCAS, upperside; 2, ibidem, underside; 3, paratype, Mêdog 80k. 4–6, Ch. glaucochrista. 4, male, holotype, BMNH; 5–6, Hipparchus grearia Oberthür, 1916, syntype, ZFMK, 5, upperside, 6, underside. Scale bar = 1 cm. 7–15. Male genitalia, aedeagus, lateral view of uncus, male eighth segment, and female genitalia. 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, Ch. bicepslinea sp. nov., paratypes, IZCAS; 8, 10, 13, 15, Ch. glaucochrista, IZCAS. Scale bars = 1 mm. 16. Neighbour-Joining (NJ) tree of selected Chloroglyphica based on the Kimura two-parameter model.