Charaea taiwanum ( Kimoto, 1969 )

Bezděk, Jan & Lee, Chi-Feng, 2014, Revision of Charaea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) from Taiwan, Zootaxa 3861 (1), pp. 1-39 : 23-25

Charaea taiwanum ( Kimoto, 1969)

( Figs 47 , 76–81 , 84 , 92 , 99–100 )

Exosoma taiwanum Kimoto, 1969: 45 (original description); Kimoto 1986: 57; Kimoto 1987: 189; Kimoto 1989b: 254; Kimoto 1991: 13; Takizawa et al 1995: 9; Kimoto & Chu 1996: 78 (catalogue); Kimoto & Takizawa 1997: 305 (key), 381. Taphinellina taiwana: Wilcox 1973: 451 (catalogue); Beenen 2010: 489 (catalogue).

Charaea taiwanum: Beenen & Warchałowski 2010: 62 (catalogue).

Type locality. “Fenchihu, Chiayi Hsien”.

Type material examined. Paratypes: ♂ ( KMNH), “( Taiwan) / Sungkang / Nantou Hsien [w, p] // 9.VI. [h] 1965 / T. Shirôzu [w, p] // Exosoma / taiwanum / Kimoto, n. sp. [w, h] // PARATYPE [b, p]”; ♂ ( KMNH), “( Taiwan) / Fenchihu, 1400m / Chiayi Hsien [w, p] // 10.IV. [h] 1965 / T. Shirôzu [w, p] // Japan – U.S. / Co–op. Sci. / Programme [y, p] // PARATOPOTYPE [b, p] // Exosoma / taiwanum / Kimoto, n. sp. [w, h]”.

Additional material examined. 120 specimens — TAIWAN: Hsinchu County: 1 ♂, Mamei, 18.v.2008, M.- H. Tsao leg. ( TARI); 3 ♀♀, Talulintao, 10.v.2009, J.-C. Chen leg. ( TARI); 1 ♀, Talulintao, 22.viii.2009, Y.-L. Lin leg. ( TARI); 1 ♀, Lupi, 4.iv.2009, M.-H. Tsou leg. ( TARI); 1 ♀, Shihlei, 6.iii.2010, Y.-L. Lin leg. ( TARI). Hualien County: 2 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, Taroko N. P., 270–2400 m, 2.–5.iv.1997, G. Csorba & L. Ronkay leg. ( HNHM). Kaohsiung County: 1 ♀, Tengchih, 19.xi.2008, C.-T. Yao leg. ( TARI); 1 ♀, Tengchih, 17.xii.2008, C.-T. Yao leg. ( TARI); 2 ♂♂, Tengchih, 26.v.2009, C.-F. Lee leg. ( TARI); 1 ♀, Tengchih, 20.iii.2013, B.-X. Guo leg. ( TARI); 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, Erhchituan, 1.iii.2009, U. Ong leg. ( TARI); 1 ♀, Erhchituan, 8.iii.2013, B.-X. Guo leg. ( TARI); 1 ♀, Tonatrail, 25.ii.2013, Y.-T. Chung leg. ( TARI); 3 ♂♂ 10 ♀♀, Chuyunshan logging trail, 24.iii.2009, C.-F. Lee leg. ( TARI, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ in JBCB); 6 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, Chungchihkuan, 6.iv.2012, L.-P. Hsu leg. ( TARI); 1 ♂, Chungchihkuan, 16.iv.2012, L.-P. Hsu leg. ( TARI); 2 ♀♀, Taoyuan, 1.vii.2009, S.-F. Yu leg. ( TARI); 1 ♀, Shihshan logging trail, 1.–3.x.2008, M.-H. Tsao leg. ( TARI). Nantou County: 1 ♀, Meifeng, 2130 m, 4.–12.vi.1979, Malaise trap ( TARI); 1 ♀, Meifeng, 2130 m, 7.–22.vi.1979, Malaise trap ( TARI); 1 ♂, Meifeng, 2130 m, 2.–4.vi.1980, L. Y. Chou & C. C. Chen leg. ( TARI); 1 ♂, Meifeng, 2150 m, 7.–9.v.1981, K. S. Lin & S. C. Lin ( TARI); 1 ♂, Meifeng, 2130 m, 2.–4.vi.1980, L. Y. Chou & C. C. Chen leg. ( TARI); 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, Hsitou, 6.v.2009, C.-F. Lee leg. ( TARI); 2 ♀♀, Fenghuangshan, 10.v.2010, Y.-T. Wang leg. ( TARI); 1 ♀, Tsuifeng, 3.iv.2010, Y.-T. Wang leg. ( TARI); 1 ♀, Tatachia, 27.iv.2010, C.-F. Lee leg. ( TARI); 1 ♀, Wushe, 6.–11.v.1981, K. S. Lin & S. C. Lin leg. ( TARI); 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, 6 km E of Wushe, 1300 m, 21.iv.1997, L. Pergovits & A. Kun leg. ( HNHM); 2 ♀♀, Wushe, 1150 m, 23.iii.1983, H. & M. Townes leg. ( RBCN). Pingtung County: 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, Machia, 11.iii.2013, Y.-T. Chung leg. ( TARI); 1 ♀, Tahanlintao, 23.ii.2010, J.-C. Chen leg. ( TARI); 1 ♂, Tahanlintao, 14.iii.2011, J.-C. Chen leg. ( TARI); 1 ♀, Tahanlintao, 25.ii.2012, M.-H. Tsou leg. ( TARI); 2 ♀♀, Tahanshan, 28.vi.2009, L.-T. Chung leg. ( TARI); 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Tahanshan, 16.ii.2013, Y.-T. Chung leg. ( TARI); 1 ♂, Tahanshan, 7.iii.2013, Y.-T. Chung leg. ( TARI); 1 ♂ 1 ♀, Tahanshan, 14.iii.2013, Y.-T. Chung leg. ( TARI); 1 ♀, Wutai, 12.iv.2009, U. Ong leg. ( TARI); 1 ♀, Peitawushan, 17.ii.2010, M.-H. Tsou leg. ( TARI). Taichung County: 1 ♂, Anmashan, Hooping, 2000 m, 8.iv.2002, G. Fabián leg. ( HNHM); 1 ♀, Anmashan region, 1650 m, 20.vi.1997, B. Herczig & L. Ronkay leg. ( HNHM). Taipei County: 1 ♀, Fushan, 12.iii.2009, H.-J. Chen leg. ( TARI); 2 ♂♂, Pi Hu, at light, 3.iv.2002, G. Fabián & O. Merkl leg. ( HNHM); 2 ♀♀, Urai [= Wulai], 28.iii.1932, M. Chujo leg. ( TARI). Taitung County: 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, Liyuan, 28.iii.2011, M.-H. Tsou leg. ( TARI); 2 ♀♀, Motien, 19.vi.2011, C.-F. Lee leg. ( TARI); 1 ♀, Wulu, 29.iii.2011, C.-F. Lee leg. ( TARI). Taoyuan County: 1 ♀, Sankuang, 17.x.2009, Y.-L. Lin leg. ( TARI); 1 ♀, Paling, 8.xi.2009, M.-H. Tsou leg. ( TARI); 1 ♀, Lalashan, 2.v.2009, M.-H. Tsou leg. ( TARI); 1 ♀, Fuhsing, 15.vii.2009, H.-J. Chen leg. ( TARI). Yilan County: 4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, Nanshan, 9.v.2011, M.-H. Tsou leg. ( TARI, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ in NMPC); 1 ♀, Ssuyuan, 28.iv.2009, M.-H. Tsou leg. ( TARI); 1 ♂, Fushan Botanical Garden, at light, 8.–11.iv.2002, O. Merkl leg. ( HNHM); 2 ♂♂, Fushan Botanical Garden, 700 m, 8.–9.iv.1997, L. Pergovits & A. Kun leg. ( HNHM, JBCB); 1 ♂, Suyuan-yakou, near Pinan, 1550 m, 6.vi.1997, B. Herczig & L. Ronkay leg. ( HNHM).

Redescription. Measurements. Males: 4.5–5.4 mm, females: 4.6–5.7 mm. Dorsal side lustrous, glabrous, oval, convex. Body, legs and antennae completely metallic bluish-black, except mouthparts dark brown and abdomen yellow.

Male ( Fig. 84 ). Anterior part of head impunctate glabrous. Interantennal space 1.2 times as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Interocular space 1.65 times as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Antennae filiform, 0.8 times as long as body, length ratio of antennomeres equals 12-6-6-16 -15-15-15-16-17-16-21.

Pronotum lustrous, 1.25 times as broad as long, widest in anterior third, covered with fine punctures, punctures in the middle of disc almost indistinct. Anterior margin straight, lateral margins rounded, posterior margin widely rounded. Anterior margin very finely bordered, lateral margins with broad border, posterior margin moderately bordered. Anterior angles swollen with setigerous pore in posterior half of swelling, posterior angles with small pointed tip with setigerous pore, all pores bearing long pale seta, additional short setae visible on lateral margins of pronotum.

Elytra 1.8 times as long as wide and 0.75–0.78 times as long as body.

Length ratio of protarsomeres I, II, III and V equals 10-7-5-10, of metatarsomeres I, II, III and V equals 15-8- 6-12.

Prosternal process elevated and thinly visible between procoxae. Posterior margin with two short incisions ( Fig. 79 ).

Aedeagus symmetrical, parallel, with widely rounded apex ( Fig. 76 ), internal sclerites wide and long ( Fig. 92 ).

Female. Interantennal space 1.3 times as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Interocular space wider, 2.4 time as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Antenna shorter than in male, 0.65 times as long as body. Last ventrite transverse with apex widely rounded ( Fig. 81 ). Pygidium subtriangular with rounded apex ( Fig. 80 ). Sternite VIII transversely oval, tignum slender, 2.5 times longer than sternite VIII ( Fig. 78 ). Spermatheca: nodulus elongate, gradually continuing to cornu, cornu with relatively sharp inner angle, proximal spermathecal duct almost straight ( Fig. 77 ).

Distribution. Taiwan.

Biology. Some specimens were collected on the flowers of Acer serrulatum Hayata (Aceraceae) and Eriobotrya deflexa (Hemsl.) Nakai f. deflexa (Hemsl.) Nakai (Rosaceae) .

Differential diagnosis. Charaea taiwanum is a large Taiwanese species (4.5–5.7 mm) similar to Ch. maxbarclayi sp. nov., Ch. mimicum and Ch. kelloggi . Both Charaea mimicum and Ch. kelloggi differ in possessing pronotal punctuation with fine small and large punctures and lateral pronotal margins with wide borders. The pronotum of Ch. taiwanum is only finely punctate and the lateral pronotal margins are moderately wide. Charaea taiwanum shares with Ch. maxbarclayi sp. nov. a visible prosternal process between the procoxae but male antennomere IV is 2.5 times as long as II and III combined (only twice in Ch. maxbarclayi sp. nov.). Species also can be distinguished also by the structure of the aedeagus ( Figs 5 , 11 , 76 , 113 ).

Figures

FIGURES 40 – 51. Elucidated aedeagus in dorsal view with internal sac not everted. 40 — Charaea kelloggi; 41 — Ch. mimicum; 42 — Ch. akkoae (from Japan); 43 — Ch. pseudoakkoae; 44 — Ch. sasajii; 45 — Ch. miyamotoi; 46 — Ch. shirozui; 47 — Ch. taiwanum; 48 — Ch. maxbarclayi sp. nov.; 49 — Ch. chujoi (from Japan); 50 — Ch. houjayi sp. nov.; 51 — Ch. haruoi sp. nov. Not to scale.

FIGURES 76 – 81. Details of Charaea taiwanum. 76 — aedeagus (dorsal and lateral views); 77 — spermatheca; 78 — sternite VIII; 79 — male last ventrite; 80 — female pygidium; 81 — female last ventrite. Scale bars: 0.5 mm for Figs 76 and 79 – 81, 0.25 mm for Figs 77 – 78.

FIGURES 82 – 87. Habitus of Charaea. 82 — Ch. sasajii (male, 3.2 mm); 83 — Ch. shirozui (male, 3.6 mm); 84 — Ch. taiwanum (male, 4.9 mm); 85 — Ch. houjayi sp. nov. (paratype, male, 4.2 mm); 86 — Ch. maxbarclayi sp. nov. (holotype, male, 5.1 mm); 87 — Ch. haruoi sp. nov. (paratype, male, 4.0 mm).

FIGURES 88 – 92. Everted internal sac of aedeagus. 88 — Charaea akkoae (Japan, dorsal view); 89 — Ch. pseudoakkoae (dorsal and lateral views); 90 — Ch. sasajii (dorsal view); 91 — Ch. shirozui (lateral view); 92 — Ch. taiwanum (dorsal view). Not to scale.

FIGURES 93 – 100. Type specimens of Charaea and their labels. 93 – 94 — Exosoma pseudoakkoae (holotype, male, 3.6 mm); 95 – 96 — Exosoma sasajii (paratype, male, 3.1 mm); 97 – 98 — Calomicrus shirozui (paratype, male, 3.6 mm); 99 – 100 — Exosoma taiwanum (paratype, male, 4.6 mm).

FIGURES 5 – 10. Details of Charaea kelloggi. 5 — aedeagus (dorsal and lateral views); 6 — spermatheca; 7 — sternite VIII; 8 — male last ventrite; 9 — female pygidium; 10 — female last ventrite. Scale bars: 0.5 mm for Figs 5 and 8 – 10, 0.25 mm for Figs 6 – 7.

FIGURES 11 – 16. Details of Charaea mimicum. 11 — aedeagus (dorsal and lateral views); 12 — spermatheca; 13 — sternite VIII; 14 — male last ventrite; 15 — female pygidium; 16 — female last ventrite. Scale bars: 0.5 mm for Figs 11 and 14 – 16, 0.25 mm for Figs 12 – 13.

FIGURES 113 – 118. Details of Charaea maxbarclayi sp. nov. 113 — aedeagus (dorsal, lateral and ventral views); 114 — sternite VIII; 115 — male last ventrite; 116 — female pygidium; 117 — spermatheca; 118 — female last ventrite. Scale bars: 0.5 mm for Figs 113, 115 – 116 and 118, 0.25 mm for Figs 114, 117.