Campylocentrum calostachyum (Barb.Rodr.) E.M.Pessoa & M.Alves, 2018

Pessoa, Edlley & Alves, Marccus, 2018, Taxonomical revision of Campylocentrum sect. Campylocentrum (Orchidaceae, Vandeae, Angraecinae) in Brazil, Phytotaxa 362 (1), pp. 1-20 : 4

1. Campylocentrum calostachyum (Barb.Rodr.) E.M.Pessoa & M.Alves , comb. nov. Aeranthes calostachya Barbosa

Rodrigues (1881: 141).

Type: — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Paulo de Frontin (“ Rodeio ”), Serra de Santana, March 1881, J.Barbosa Rodrigues s.n. [holotype: destroyed, fide Sprunger et al. (1996), lectotype here designated: Barbosa Rodrigues J., Revista de Engenharia 3: tab. 719, original illustration at Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; reproduced by Sprunger et al. (1996), Iconographie des Orchidées du Brésil 5: 396, tab. 268]. ( Fig. 1A–D , Fig. 2 )

Campylocentrum callistachyum Cogniaux (1906: 514) , nom. illeg.

Pendent herbs. Roots 1–3 mm diameter, cylindrical to dorso-ventrally flattened. Stem 0.7–6.5 cm long. Leaves 3.0–8.5 × 0.6–1.3 cm, oblong-elliptical, sub-falcate, lobes acute at apex. Inflorescences 3–9 cm long, lax, peduncle 1.1–2.2 cm long, papillose; rachis 1.9–6.8 cm long, papillose; floral bracts 1.0–1.5 × 0.4–0.7 mm, deltoid, margin entire to minutely denticulate, the apex acuminate. Flowers 12–42 (per inflorescence), whitish-green, pedicellate ovary 0.9–2.0 mm long, glabrous to minutely papillose; dorsal sepal 2.5–3.0 × 0.6–1 mm, elliptical to oblong, 1-nerved, the apex obtuse, glabrous; lateral sepals 2.5–3 × 0.5–0.8 mm, oblong, subfalcate, glabrous, 1-nerved, the apex acute to obtuse; petals 2.5–2.8 × 0.5–1.0 mm, oblong-elliptical to oblong, 1-nerved, glabrous, the apex acute to obtuse; lip 2.3–2.7 mm long, 1.1–1.4 mm wide between the lateral lobes, 3-lobed, 5-nerved, margin entire, producing a spur at base, lateral lobes 1.1–1.2 × 0.3–0.5 mm, oblanceolate, the apex rounded, mid-lobe 1.2–1.5 × 0.5–0.9 mm, deltoid to lanceolate, the apex acute, spur 2.6–3.3 mm long, 0.6–1 mm diameter, cylindrical, straight, pale green, glabrous, the apex rounded; gynostemium 0.3–0.5 mm long, anther cap apex 2-lobed. Capsules 4–6 × 1.5–2.0 mm, glabrous, pedicel ca. 1 mm long.

Distribution and Habitat:— Endemic to Brazil (states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo). This rare species is found in Atlantic forest from the sea level to montane areas (Itatiaia National Park, up to 2,800 m elev.).

Conservation status:— Due to its reduced and very fragmented area of occurrence and occupancy (B1a and B2a), this species is classified as Vulnerable (VU).

Nomenclatural notes: —The type specimen collected by Barbosa Rodrigues was accidentally destroyed by a flood ( Sprunger et al. 1996). Then, a lectotype is here proposed based on the original illustration made by Barbosa Rodrigues and cited in the original publication. Cogniaux (1906) published it with a wrong spelling variation of the name, “ C. callistachyum ”, which is included in some important plant databases, such as The Plant List and IPNI. Since it has the same type it was considered to be a superfluous replacement as the orthography is distinct (calli- against calo-), and considering that the Barbosa Rodrigues name is not cited we must assume it was intentional, and then the Cogniaux name is illegitimate.

Similar species:— Campylocentrum calostachyum is morphologically related to the group of species with relatively longer and lax inflorescences, flowers with 1-nerved sepals and petals, and a 3-lobed lip (represented in Brazil by C. hirtellum , C. serranum , and C. ulaei ). Among these species, C. calostachyum is distinguished by its straight spur, which is comparatively longer than the sepals. The vegetative portion is easily distinguished by its longer leaves of up to 8.5 cm (vs. up to 4.5 cm long). (Table 1)

Additional specimens examined:— BRASIL. Bahia: Arataca, Parque Nacional da Serra das Lontras, 4 Jul 2011, Leitman et al. 358 ( RB) ; Espírito Santo: Domingos Martins , 15 Jun 1972, Kautzky 380 ( HB) ; Minas Gerais: Itatiaia , Maromba, 21 Mar 1942, Brade 17235 ( RB) ; Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia , lote 37, 27 Mar 1942, sine coll. ( RB) ; Guapimirim, Monte Olivete , 16 Mar 1994, Figueredo s.n. ( RB) ; São Paulo: Caraguatatuba , 01 May 2015, Miranda s.n. ( UFP) .

Figures

FIGURE 1. A–D. Campylocentrum calostachyum. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Dissected perianth,. D. Dissected perianth; E–H. C. hirtellum,. E. Habit. F. Flower G. pedicellate ovary, lip and spur in profile, H. Dissected perianth; I–L. C. hondurense, I. Habit, J. Flower, K. lip and spur in profile, L. Dissected perianth. [A–C, drawn from A. C. Brade 17235 (RB),; D. drawn from M.R. Miranda s.n. (UFP); E–H. drawn from Reitz & Klein 1152 (HBR); I–L. drawn from L.A.S. Santos et al. 2842 (UFP)].

FIGURE 2. Distribution map of Campylocentrum calostachyum (black circle), C. hirtellum (white triangle) and C. hondurense (black square).