AMARANTHACEAE

Baksh-Comeau, Yasmin S., Maharaj, Shobha S., Adams, Dennis, Harris, Stephen A., Filer, Denis L. & Hawthorne, William D., 2016, An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical ‘ hotspots’, Phytotaxa 250 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

AMARANTHACEAE

Achyranthes aspera L. var. pubescens (Moq.) C.C.Towns., Kew Bull. 29: 473 (1974) Syn: Achyranthes fruticosa Lam. var. pubescens Moq. Common name: Witchweed. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Shaded waste places. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: SW Coastal. RBS Vegetation Classes: Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 8: 60% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Bacolet, Broadway 4397 (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), French Guiana, Surinam.

Achyranthes indica (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict. (ed. 8) (1768) Exotic.

Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G.Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard. 1: 59 (1884) Syn: Alternanthera articulata Stützer ; Alternanthera paronychioides A.St.-Hil. var. bettzickiana Fosberg ; Alternanthera tenella Colla cv. Bettzickiana ; Alternanthera tenella Colla var. bettzickiana Veldkamp ; Telanthera bettzickiana Regel Exotic.

Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 537 (1891) Syn: Alternanthera ramosissima (Mart.) Chodat ; Gomphrena brasiliana L.; Mogiphanes jacquinii Griseb. ; Mogiphanes straminea Mart. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Grassy roadside verges and thickets. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Cedros Road, Adams 14599 (TRIN). Global range: Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Alternanthera caracasana Kunth , Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 205 (1818) Syn: Achyranthes peploides (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Britton ; Illecebrum peploides Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Seashore and weed of waste ground. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Woodbrook, Broadway 8998 (BM). Global range: Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, United States (Texas, Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina.

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

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Alternanthera flavescens Kunth , in Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 207 (1818) Syn: Alternanthera ramosissima sensu N.W. Simmonds Exotic.

Alternanthera ingramiana (Standl.) Schinz , in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed.2, 16 C: 76 (1934) Syn: Achyranthes ingramiana Standl. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Seashore. IUCN: NE. Star: BK. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Little Tobago, Broadway 4902 ( US), sine coll. (TRIN 11436); Speyside, sine coll. (TRIN 15257). Global range: Endemic to Tobago.

Alternanthera olivacea Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 340 (1907) Syn: Telanthera olivacea Urban Habit : Herb. Habitat: Seaside rocks. Star: GD. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Studley Park, Broadway 2923 (BM), Broadway 4561 (BM); Point opposite Melville Island, sine coll. (TRIN 11430); Belle Garden, sine coll. (TRIN 15312). Global range: Lesser Antilles, Curaçao.

Alternanthera paronychioides A.St.-Hil., Voy. Brés. 2: 439 (1883) Syn: Alternanthera ficoide a (L.) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult.; Alternanthera ficoidea (L.) Sm. Habit: Herb. Habitat: In low-lying damp pastures and mud at pond margins. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: SW Icacos-Cedros. RBS Vegetation Classes: Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Crown Point, Clement & Ryves 6 (BM); Bucco Bay to Les Coteaux, Clement & Ryves 534 (BM). Global range: Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, United States (Texas), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 36 (1879) Syn: Bucholzia philoxeroides Mart. Common name: Bhaji, Sarhaachi Bhaji. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open swamps. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Carapo, Adams 14381 (TRIN); Oropuche Lagoon, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 2930). Global range: Greater Antilles, United States (Louisiana, Florida), Central America, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Alternanthera pungens Kunth , Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 206 (1818) Syn: Alternanthera repens (L.) Kuntze Exotic.

Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC., Cat. Pl. Hort. Bot. Monspel. 4: 77 (1813) Syn: Alternanthera achyranthoides Forssk. ; Alternanthera ficoidea (L.) P.Beauv.; Gomphrena sessili s L. Common name: Bhaji, Pani ni Bhaji, Small Sarhaachi Bhaji. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Damp stony soil, rocks by the sea and open savannas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Gomez Bay, Eggers 5491 (K); Tobago Forest Reserve to Bloody Bay Road, Clement & Ryves 498 (BM). TRINIDAD: Monos, sine coll. (TRIN 7442); St. Clair, sine coll. (TRIN 3584); Port of Spain, Broadway 9281 (BM); St. Joseph, sine coll. (TRIN 15587); St. Augustine, Richardson 668 (K). Global range: Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru.

Alternanthera tenella Colla, Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino 33: 131, t. 9 (1829) Syn: Alternanthera flavogrisea (Urban) Urban subsp. diffusa (Mart.) Mears & Fourn. ; Alternanthera polygonoides sensu Griseb. Common name: Crab Withe, Rabbit Grass, Rabbit Meat, Rupture Wort. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Garden weed and in open thickets. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: SW Icacos-Cedros. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples); Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 7: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Store Bay, Sandwith 1826 ((K); Scarborough, sine coll. (TRIN 15145); Philcox & Raynal 7841 (K); Crown Point, Clement & Ryves 106 (BM). TRINIDAD: Chancellor Road, Corstorphine & Corstorphine s.n. (BM); Maracas Bay, Broadway 6077 (BM); Maracas Falls, Philcox 7827 (K); Saddle Road, Britton & Hazen 158 (K); St. Augustine, Adams 13448 (TRIN); Manzanilla, Broadway 9390 (K); San Fernando, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 2928); Princes Town, sine coll. (TRIN 15424); Cedros, sine coll. (TRIN 7185). Global range: Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Amaranthus australis ( A.Gray ) J.D.Sauer, Madroño 13: 15 (1955) Syn: Acnida australis A.Gray ; Acnida cannabina L. var. australis ( A.Gray ) Uline & W.L.Bray; Acnida cuspidata Bertero ex Spreng. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Brackish and freshwater marshes and swamps. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Icacos, sine coll. (TRIN 8907); Cedros, sine coll. (TRIN 9252). Global range: Greater Antilles, United States (Texas), Mexico, Venezuela, Surinam.

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Amaranthus blitum L., Sp. Pl. 2: 990 (1753) Syn: Amaranthus lividus L. Exotic.

Amaranthus caudatus L., Sp. Pl. 990 (1753) Exotic.

Amaranthus crassipes Schltdl., Linnaea 6: 757 (1831) Exotic.

Amaranthus deflexus L., Mant. Pl. Alt. 295 (1771) Exotic.

Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thellung, Fl. Adv. Montpellier 203 (1912) Syn: Amaranthus tristis Willd. Common name: Bhaji, Chowrhy, Marsa Bhaaji, Marwa Bhaji, Spinach. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Weed of cultivation. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Great Dog River, Sandwith 1742 (K); Buccoo Bay to Les Coteaux, Clement & Ryves 538 (BM). TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, Corstorphine & Corstorphine s.n. (BM); Monos, sine coll. (TRIN 7451); Woodbrook, Broadway 5553 (BM); Aranguez Estate, San Juan, Adams 13665 (TRIN); St. Augustine sine coll. (TRIN 15453, TRIN 15454); Tunapuna, sine coll. (TRIN 7308); Fallon Rock, San Fernando, Broadway 7967 (BM); Cedros, sine coll. (TRIN 7217). Global range: Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Curaçao, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Amaranthus polygonoides L., Pl. Jamaic. Pug. 27 (1759) Exotic.

Amaranthus retroflexus L., Sp. Pl. 991 (1753) Exotic.

Amaranthus spinosus L., Sp. Pl. 991 (1753) Common name: Bhaji, Spinach. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Weed of cultivation and waste places. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: SW Coastal. RBS Vegetation Classes: Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 8: 20% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Scarborough, Broadway 3379 (BM). TRINIDAD: Woodbrook, Broadway 5081 (BM); Aranguez Estate, San Juan, Adams 13666 (TRIN); St. Joseph, sine coll. (TRIN 2253); St. Augustine, sine coll. (TRIN 15471). Global range: Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, United States (Missouri, Louisiana, Florida, Texas, Virginia), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Amaranthus viridis L., Sp. Pl. (ed. 2) 2: 1405 (1763) Syn: Amaranthus gracilis Desf. ex Poir. Common Name : Bhaji, Spinach. Exotic.

Blutaparon vermiculare (L.) Mears, Taxon 31: 113 (1982) Syn: Blutaparon repens Raf. ; Caraxeron vermicularis (L.) Raf.; Gomphrena vermicularis L.; Philoxerus vermicularis (L.) R.Br. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Seashore, muddy beaches and maritime cliffs. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: SW Coastal. RBS Vegetation Classes: Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 8: 40% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Lowlands, Broadway 2970 (BM); Scarborough, Broadway 3579 (BM); Charlotteville, Freeman & Williams s.n. (K); opposite Melville Island, sine coll. (TRIN 11432); Buccoo Bay, Sandwith 1671 (K); Friendship sine coll. (TRIN 13484); between Studley Park and Goodwood, Clement & Ryves 240 (BM). TRINIDAD: Woodbrook, Broadway 6604 (BM); Maracas Bay, sine coll. (TRIN 15446); Manzanilla, sine coll. (TRIN 13269); Point a Pierre, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 2932); Guayaguayare, Broadway 9090 (BM); Cedros, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 7194). Global range: Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles (St. Martin to Barbados), United States (Florida, Texas), Mexico, Central America, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador.

Celosia argentea L., Sp. Pl. 205 (1753) Syn: Celosia argentea L. var. cristata (L.) Kuntze; Celosia cristata L. Exotic.

Chamissoa altissima (Jacq.) Kunth , in Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 197 (1818) Syn: Achyranthes altissima Jacq. Habit : Climber. Habitat: Woody climber in forest and secondary growth. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: San Fernando. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: The Widow, near Easterfield, Broadway 3575 (BM); Easterfield, Broadway 4054 (BM); Mason Hall, Broadway 4791 (BM); North Coast Road, sine coll. (TRIN 14521); above Speyside, Clement & Ryves 575 (BM). TRINIDAD: San Juan, sine coll. (TRIN 2249, TRIN 2250); St. Joseph, Broadway 5609 (BM); Mt. Aripo, sine coll. (TRIN 14448); Sans Souci to Grande Riviere , sine coll. (TRIN 10849); Chaguanas, sine coll. (TRIN 3712); San Fernando Hill, sine coll. (TRIN 14850, TRIN 14851); Palo

CHECKLIST TO VASCULAR PLANTS OF TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

Phytotaxa 250 (1) © 2016 Magnolia Press • 79 Seco, sine coll. (TRIN 12094); Chatham, sine coll. (TRIN 8535, TRIN 8536); Erin, sine coll. (TRIN 7346, TRIN 7347); Los Bajos, sine coll. (TRIN 10890); Quinam, sine coll. (TRIN 13957); Southern Watershed Reserve sine coll. (TRIN 14475); Chin Chin Road, sine coll. (TRIN 15111). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Sp. Pl. 219 (1753) Syn: Ambrina spathulata Moq. Common Name : Fit Weed, Semen Contra, Worm Bush, Worm Grass. Exotic.

Chenopodium berlandieri Moq. Chenop. Monogr. Enum. 23 (1840). Exotic.

Cyathula achyranthoides (Kunth) Moq. , in DC. Prodr. 13: 326 (1849) Syn: Cyathula prostrata sensu Griseb. ; Desmochaeta achyranthoides Kunth Habit : Herb. Habitat: Waste places. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: Scarborough-Plymouth; TRINIDAD: Tabaquite-Brickfield. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 6% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Maraval, sine coll. (TRIN 7826); Chancellor Road, Corstorphine & Corstorphine s.n. (BM); St. Joseph, sine coll. (TRIN 15618); Maracas Falls, sine coll. (TRIN 15409); Maracas, Broadway 7270 (BM); Arima, Dannouse s.n. (TRIN); Moruga, sine coll. (TRIN 7614). Global range: Greater Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile.

Cyathula prostrata (L.) Blume, Bijdr. 549 (1826) Syn: Achyranthes prostrata L. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Grassy roadsides. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Roxborough to Main Ridge Road, Clement & Ryves 288 (BM). TRINIDAD: Mt. Tabor, sine coll. (TRIN 14080); Las Lapas Trace, Adams 14589 (TRIN); Upper Carapachaima, Broadway 7771 (BM); Coromandel, Adams 14597 (TRIN). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Venezuela, Guianas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Gomphrena globosa L., Sp. Pl. 224 (1753) Common Name: Bachelor Button, White Marguerite. Exotic.

Gomphrena serrata L., Sp. Pl. 224 (1753) Syn: Gomphrena decumbens Jacq. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Dry stony and gravelly open waste places. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Crown Point, Clement & Ryves 105 (BM). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, United States (Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay.

Iresine angustifolia Euphrasén, Beskr. Svenska Vestindiska 165 (1795) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Thickets and open places. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Huevos. RBS Vegetation Classes: Dry lowland forest (Vegnum 6: 10% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Without locality, sine coll. (TRIN 8064). Global range: Greater Antilles, Virgin Islands, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia.

Iresine domingensis Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 337 (1907) Habit: Herb. Star: GD. Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: St. Anns, Lockhart s.n. (K); Maracas, sine coll. (TRIN 6619). Global range: Greater Antilles, Venezuela.

Iresine herbstii Hooker, Gard. Chron. 1864: 654 (1864) Common Name: Zizye Pul. Exotic.

Iresine lindenii Van Houtte, Fl. Serres , sér. 2, 7: 41 (1867) Exotic.

Iresine rhizomatosa Standl., Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 28: 172 (1915) Syn: Celosia paniculata L.; Iresine celosia L.; Iresine celosioides L.; Iresine diffusa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Habit : Herb. Habitat: Thickets and disturbed areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TOBAGO: Scarborough-Plymouth; Trinidad: Southern Watershed. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 8% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TOBAGO: Old Road, Broadway 4400 (BM, K); Roxburgh, sine coll. (TRIN 7998); Runnymede, sine coll. (TRIN 15087); Windward Road, sine coll. (TRIN 15166). TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, [Finlay s.n.], (TRIN 2933); Scotland Bay, Adams 14646 (TRIN); Port of Spain, sine coll. (TRIN 4259); St. Augustine, sine coll. (TRIN 14075); Aripo Heights, Broadway s.n. (TRIN 9861); Caroni South Bank Road, sine coll. (TRIN 14871); Sans Souci, sine coll. (TRIN 10847); Brigand Hill, sine coll. (TRIN 14287); Moruga, sine coll. (TRIN 7917). Global

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range: Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, United States (Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana, Florida), Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina.

Lithophila muscoides Sw., Prodr. 14 (1788) Habit: Herb. Habitat: Open rocky or sandy soils, usually on exposed limestone near the sea. IUCN: NE. Star: GD. Vouchers (selected): No specimens seen but cited by Urban (1907, p. 337) as occuring in Trinidad. Global range: Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Greater Antilles, Anegada, Lesser Antilles, Curaçao, Venezuela.

Pfaffia iresinoides (Kunth) Spreng., Syst. Veg. (ed.16), 4 (1827) Syn: Alternanthera iresinoides Kunth ; Gomphrena iresinoides (Kunth) Moq. ; Iresine luzuliflora Griseb. Common Name : Female Man-Better-Man, Tantan Fowl-Back. Habit: Herb. Habitat: Weed of grassy sheltered places and roadsides, disturbed areas. IUCN: LC. Star: GN. RBS Distribution Plots: TRINIDAD: Southern Watershed. RBS Vegetation Classes: Moist lowland forest (Vegnum 5: 3% RBS samples). Vouchers (selected): TRINIDAD: Chacachacare, [Finlay s.n.] (TRIN 2935); Monos, sine coll. (TRIN 3503, TRIN 3504); Huevos, sine coll. (TRIN 12508), Diego Martin, near the Blue Basin, Broadway s.n. (BM); St. Anns, Broadway s.n. (BM); St. Augustine, sine coll. (TRIN 15399). Global range: Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru.