Berndtia utinomii, Chan & Kolbasov & Hirose & Mezaki & Suwa, 2014
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222933.2014.896488 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A6708794-FF82-FFCC-3121-F98AFECB9B7F |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Berndtia utinomii |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Berndtia utinomii sp. nov.
( Figures 2D View Figure 2 , 3G, H View Figure 3 , 18–21 View Figure 18 View Figure 19 View Figure 20 View Figure 21 , 22D View Figure 22 , 23D, H View Figure 23 )
Materials examined
Holotype: ASIZCR000324, one specimen, bored in the coral Psammocora profundacella, He Ping Island, NE Coast, Taiwan, 24 May 2010, depth 10m. Paratype: ASIZCR000325, 10 specimens, same data as holotype. CEL-Acro-29, 20 specimens, bored in the coral Psammocora superficialis, Otsuki , Kochi, Japan, 29 July 2010 . CEL-Acro-Vietnam-01, bored in the coral Psammocora profundacella, Catba Island , Vietnam, Nov 2011 . Seven specimens bored in coral Pasammocora sp., Phan Rang, Vietnam, 2011, depth 2 m. CEL-Acro-HK-01, bored in the coral Psammocora profundacella, Basalt Island, Hong Kong, Oct 2012 .
Diagnosis
Female. Operculum wide oval shaped, composed of a pair of massive opercular bars. When alive, opercular bars have three pairs of symmetrical pale violet or sometime pale blue strips, distributed at the two ends and the middle portion. The remaining parts are dark brown in colour. Outer surfaces of the opercular bars with rare small spherical nodules, with setae, lateral margins with bifid, trifid, quadrifid and simple teeth. The posterior lobe of the operculum elongated and protruded, tip terminating in bundles of setae. External surface of mantle sac with simple, bifid and trifid teeth. Thorax with two (can be large or inconspicuous from examination of multiple specimens) conical processes on ventral side. Burrows in Psammocora corals.
Description
Female. Burrow opening wide oval shaped, well fitted with the operculum shape ( Figure 3G, H View Figure 3 ). Operculum wide oval shaped, with two pairs of massive opercular bars, separated by a straight occludent slit ( Figure 3G, H View Figure 3 ). When alive, the opercular bars with three pairs of symmetrical pale purple or sometime pale blue strip-like colourations, located at the anterior and posterior ends and the middle region, the purple/blue colourations are separated by two dark brown strips ( Figure 3G, H View Figure 3 ). A pair of small red spots located at the lower (anterior) dark brown strips, near the occludent margin of the opercular bars ( Figure 3G View Figure 3 ). Opercular bars can protrude slightly outside of the burrow during feeding and the terminal cirri extend out of the mantle sac. The opercular bars with anterior and posterior ends distinctly separated from the rest of the mantle sac ( Figures 18A View Figure 18 , 19A View Figure 19 ). Outer surface of opercular bars concave, with rare (in comparison with B. purpurea ) small spherical nodules and simple setae ( Figures 18A– C View Figure 18 ). The occludent margins of opercular bars have numerous simple setae and the comb collar comprises villous setiform protrusions, extending towards the posterior region and terminating at the posterior lobes ( Figures 18A, G, H View Figure 18 , 19A, B View Figure 19 ). Posterior lobe of operculum protuberant, elongated and terminating in bundles of simple setae, proximal region swollen and tapered towards the distal region ( Figures 18D–F View Figure 18 , 19A, B View Figure 19 , 23D View Figure 23 ). Lateral margins of the opercular bars equipped with bifid, trifid, quadrifid and simple teeth ( Figures 18A, I View Figure 18 ). The lateral surfaces of the mantle sac in opercular area with numerous small simple teeth, dense rows of massive multifid scales, and simple setae ( Figure 18J–L View Figure 18 ). Mantle sac yellowish and with sparsely distributed bifid or trifid teeth ( Figures 2D View Figure 2 , 18M, N View Figure 18 ). Orificial knob and lateral bars absent.
Mouth cirri with long protopod and short rami of length about one-third of total length of the cirrus ( Figures 19E View Figure 19 , 20A View Figure 20 , 21A–D View Figure 21 ). Both anterior and posterior rami four-segmented, with long, plumose and serrate setae ( Figures 19E View Figure 19 , 21A–D View Figure 21 ). Distal part of mandibular palp trapezoid, elongated, narrow, with dense simple setae and setae with tiny sparse setules on tip and sparse simple setae on both anterior and posterior margins ( Figure 20A, C View Figure 20 ). Labrum saddle-shaped, bullate, with convex upper edge with dorsal projection, horseshoe-shaped anterior edge smooth ( Figure 20A, B View Figure 20 ), lateral sides and dorsal process with simple setae and rows of ctenoid scales ( Figure 20B View Figure 20 ). Mandible with three teeth excluding the inferior angle, first upper tooth separated from the other lower teeth, lower margin with 2–4 sharp and massive denticles, and inferior angle terminates with three small denticles ( Figures 19F View Figure 19 , 20E, F View Figure 20 ), lateral surfaces in lower half of blade with dense short biserrated setae and sharp denticles (20E, F). Maxillule single notched, two large and one short cuspidate setae above notch, notch concaved, about one-quarter of total length of the cutting margin, with long sharp denticle, more than 14 sharp setae on cutting edge just below notch lateral surfaces with dense serrate setae ( Figures 19G View Figure 19 , 20D View Figure 20 ). Maxilla subtriangular, with dense simple setae on inferior margin and tip ( Figures 19H View Figure 19 , 20G, H View Figure 20 ).
Thorax with two sharp conical processes on ventral side ( Figure 21E, F View Figure 21 ). There are also specimens (from Phan Rang, Vietnam) that have inconspicuous conical processes. Terminal cirri five pairs ( Figure 21E View Figure 21 ), the first pair shortest. Annuli of terminal cirri with single distal serrate seta on posterior margin (on each third or fourth annulus) and paired long distal and small middle setae with fine setules on anterior margin ( Figure 21G, H View Figure 21 ).
Dwarf males ( Figure 22D View Figure 22 )
One to three dwarf males can be occasionally found on surface of mantle sac of the female and on wall of the burrow. Males elongated, tadpole shaped, and with an enlarged globular terminal ampulla on short stalk at the posterior end. Some opaque reddish purple granules were found at the middle of the elongated body, believed to be remnants of the cypris eyes, attachment of cypris antennules without stalk.
Etymology
The species is named in honour of the late Prof. Huzio Utinomi (Seto Marine Laboratory, Kyoto University, Japan) for his great contribution to the study of Acrothoracica diversity in Japan and Taiwan.
view, showing two sharp ventral conical processes (cp) and terminal cirri; (F) Enlarged view of ventral conical processes of thorax, note this structure can be inconspicuous in some specimens (see remarks); (G) serrate setae on terminal cirri; (H) posterior surfaces of the terminal cirri, showing single serrate setae on annuli. Abbreviations: ar – anterior ramus, cp – conical process of thorax, pr – posterior ramus. Scale bars in μm.
Comparison (see Table 1)
This species is different from B. purpurea , B. denticulata , B. haradai and B. nodosa by having protruded posterior opercular lobes. In comparison with B. purpurea , this new species has smaller and rare spherical nodules on outer surfaces of the opercular bars. Terminal ampulla of dwarf males is larger in B. denticulata sp. nov. Berndtia utinomii differs from B. nodosa in having well-developed posterior opercular lobes. This new species differs from B. fossata in absence of serrated teeth of lateral margin of the opercular bars.
Distribution
At present, only recorded in subtidal zones of Taiwan, Hong Kong, Vietnam and Kochi in Japan, absent from Okinawa and Wakayama in Psammocora corals.
Remarks
The presence of conical processes in the thorax is variable. Specimens from Taiwan have obvious conical processes and some specimens (Nhatrang, Phan Rang, Vietnam) have inconspicuous conical processes. We have conducted molecular analysis on the COI and 16S region (unpublished data) from these specimens and results showed that these specimens have no obvious differentiation in the COI and 16S region. This suggests the presence/absence of conical processes in this species is an intra-specific variation.
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