Axinella cylindrica Bertolino, 2020

Bertolino, Marco, Costa, Gabriele, Bavestrello, Giorgio, Pansini, Maurizio & Daneri, Giovanni, 2020, New sponge species from Seno Magdalena, Puyuhuapi Fjord and Jacaf Canal (Chile), European Journal of Taxonomy 715, pp. 1-49 : 11

Axinella cylindrica Bertolino , Costa & Pansini sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:21616DF2-8C48-428E-8631-C6A2553E214C

Figs 3–4 ; Table 4

Etymology

The new species is named after the body shape.

Type material

Holotype

CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • Seno Magdalena B ; 44.650167° S, 72.89085° W; depth 20 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky cliff by scuba diving; CILE 1 ; MSGN 61493 .

Paratypes

CHILE – Puerto Cisnes • 1 specimen; Seno Magdalena D ; 44.614863° S, 72.958312° W; depth 18 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky bottom by scuba diving; CILE 37; DISTAV • 1 specimen; Seno Magdalena E; 44.613885° S, 72.941490° W; depth 15 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky cliff by scuba diving; CILE 23; DISTAV • 1 specimen; Seno Magdalena D; 56.616666° S, 72.716666° W; depth 20 m; 5–10 Aug. 2016; Marco Bertolino leg.; on a rocky wall by scuba diving; CILE 81; DISTAV .

Description

HABITUS. All of the specimens have a regular cylindrical shape (5–7 cm high, ca 1 cm in diameter) ( Fig. 3A ). Surface lightly hispid, consistence firm. Colour in life bright yellow ( Fig. 3A ).

SKELETON. Skeleton formed by network of thin ascending plurispicular fibres forming quadrangular meshes with abundant spongin ( Fig. 3B ). Choanosome differentiated in axial compressed region ( Fig. 3D ) and extra-axial plumoreticulate part ( Fig. 3 C–D). Ectosome formed by erect spicule brushes, hispidating sponge surface, supported by terminal part of choanosomal ascending fibres ( Fig. 3 C–D).

SPICULES. Megascleres: Styles smooth, straight or slightly curved, with regular, round heads ( Fig. 4A ), 700–(832.5)–960 μm long and 20–(25.2)–32.5 μm thick in holotype. Rhabdostyles smooth with pronounced basal bend ( Fig. 4B ), 240–(296.5)–435 μm long and 15–(17)–20 μm thick in holotype. Oxeas smooth, more or less folded, 197.5–(346)–425 μm long and 12.5–(18.7)–22.5 μm thick in holotype. The thinnest ones are almost straight or slightly flexuous ( Fig. 4C ). Measurements of spicule of all collected specimens (holotype and paratypes) are reported in Table 4.

Habitat

This species lives on a rocky cliff covered by coralline algae, at a depth between 15 and 20 m.

Remarks

We have recorded two new species of the genus Axinella and have therefore chosen to make a single discussion after their description.

Figures

Fig. 3. Axinella cylindrica Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., holotype (CILE 1; MSGN 61493). A. The holotype in life. B. Skeleton formed by a network of thin ascending plurispicular fibres. C. Extraaxial pumoreticulate skeleton. D. Skeleton differentiated in two regions, axial compressed reticulated and extra-axial plumoreticulate.

Fig. 4. Spicules of Axinella cylindrica Bertolino, Costa & Pansini sp. nov., holotype (CILE 1; MSGN 61493). A. Smooth styles. B. Rhabdostyles. C. Oxeas.