Aurantiocoris, SCHUH & SCHWARTZ, 2004

SCHUH, RANDALL T. & SCHWARTZ, MICHAEL D., 2004, New Genera, New Species, New Synonyms, and New Combinations in North America and Caribbean Phylinae (Heteroptera: Miridae), American Museum Novitates 3436, pp. 1-36 : 17-23

Aurantiocoris , new genus

Figures 1 , 3 , 8 , 9

TYPE SPECIES: Sthenarus cuneotinctus Van Duzee.

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the relatively small size, generally pale greenish to faded reddish coloration (fig. 1), the relatively small, almost globular, eyes (figs. 1, 8A, B, 9A, C, E), the dark antennal segment 1 (fig. 1), the black ôkneesö on all tibiae (fig. 1), the dark bases of the tibial spines, the polished body surface (fig. 1), the vestiture of recumbent, pale, shining setae (figs. 8C, 9G), and the form of the male genitalia, especially the long, J­shaped vesica with the attenuated apex extending well beyond the secondary gonopore (fig. 3). Overall form and coloration similar to Plagiognathus luteus Knight , but the smaller size and different genitalic structure distinguish the new genus. Male genitalia most similar in structure to Lineatopsallus Henry.

DESCRIPTION: Male: Small, elongate, corial margin straight to weakly rounded (fig. 1); total length 2.44–2.99, length apex clypeus– cuneal fracture 1.48–1.93, width across pronotum 0.69–0.89. COLORATION (fig. 1): Largely pale to faded reddish; antennal segment 1 dark; all tibiae with black knees, tibial spines with black bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (figs. 1, 8C, 9G): Dorsum smooth, polished, moderately to strongly shining (fig. 1), clothed with pale, weakly shining, recumbent simple setae (figs. 8C, 9G); distal portion of dorsal surface of hind femur lacking row of spinules (figs. 8E, 9H). STRUCTURE: Head more or less vertical, weakly bulging and slightly projecting beyond eyes in dorsal view; eyes relatively small in dorsal and lateral view; vertex relatively broad, posterior margin rounded, not strongly conforming to anterior margin of pronotum; gena broadly exposed below eye (figs. 8A, B, 9A, C, E); labium reaching to middle trochanters or beyond. Antennal segment 2 of uniform diameter over entire length, about same diameter as antennal segment 1. Claws elongate, slender, smoothly curving, pulvilli attached on ventral surface of basal one­half of claw (figs. 8D, F, 9D). Mesepisternal spiracle and metathoracic scent­gland evaporatory area as in figures 8G and 9B. Genital capsule relatively large, occupying at least one­half length of abdomen. MALE GENITALIA (figs. 3, 8H, 9F): Vesica long and relatively slender, more or less Jshaped, apparently formed of a single strap, apex strongly attenuated, extending beyond secondary gonopore by 3 or more times length of gonopore; secondary gonopore moderately sclerotized, gonopore sclerite weakly developed (fig. 3); phallotheca more or less erect, tapering toward apex and conical in appearance; left paramere rowboatshaped; right paramere weakly to distinctly truncate apically.

Female: Small, elongate ovoid; total length 2.12–2.69, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.45–1.79, width across pronotum 0.72–0.89. COLORATION: Coloration more generally pale than in male. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male. STRUC­ TURE: Hemelytra not so elongate as in male, body much more strongly ovoid (fig. 1); antennal segment 2 weakly tapering toward base, slightly more slender than in male.

ETYMOLOGY: Named for the coloration of the two known species; from Latin, aurantium, orange, and Greek, coris, bug.

HOSTS: Known to feed on members of the Rhamnaceae and Rosaceae .

DISCUSSION: Van Duzee (1915) originally placed A. cuneotinctus in Sthenarus Fieber. Placement of this and other North American taxa in that catchall genus is unsatisfactory on the basis of genitalic structure and other characters. The two species we are assigning to Aurantiocoris have male genitalic structures most similar to those found in Lineatopsallus Henry (1991) , although other features, such as coloration, do not necessarily suggest a close relationship.

Aurantiocoris cuneotinctus (Van Duzee) , new combination Figures 1 , 3 , 8

Sthenarus cuneotinctus Van Duzee, 1915: 118 (n.sp.).

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the characters given in the generic diagnosis. Distinguished from Aurantiocoris purshiae , new species, by the contrasting reddish color of the dorsum, with the cuneus most intensely so (fig. 1), whereas the dorsum in A. purshiae is unicolorous orange (fig. 1); hemelytra much longer in A. cuneotinctus than in A. purshiae .

REDESCRIPTION: Male: Small, elongate, corial margin straight; total length 2.75–2.99, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.76– 1.93, width across pronotum 0.80 –0.89. COLORATION (fig. 1): Dorsum pale to reddish, cuneus usually more strongly reddish and contrasting with remainder of dorsum; thoracic pleuron and venter and abdomen pale; antennal segment 1 dark, remaining segments pale; legs pale except as noted in generic description. SURFACE AND VES­ TITURE (figs. 1, 8C): As in generic description. STRUCTURE: Hemelytra elongate, ratio of total length to width of pronotum 3.44: 1. Labium reaching to middle trochanters. MALE GENITALIA (fig. 3): Apex of vesica long (figs. 3, 8H); phallotheca as in figure 3; parameres as in figure 3.

Female: Small, elongate ovoid; total length 2.48–2.69, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.68–1.79, width across pronotum 0.76–0.89. COLORATION (fig. 1): Coloration more generally pale than in male. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (fig. 1): As in male. STRUCTURE: Hemelytra not so elongate as in male, body much more strongly ovoid (fig. 1); antennal segment 2 weakly tapering toward base, slightly more slender than in male.

DISTRIBUTION: Northwestern North America , ranging from British Columbia and Idaho south to the San Jacinto Mountains of southern California .

HOSTS: Ceanothus spp. C . cordulatus Kell. and C. velutinus Dougl. ex Hook. ) ( Rhamnaceae ), Purshia tridentata (Pursh.) DC (Rosaceae) .

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: CANADA: British Columbia: 10 km S of Kelowna, N end of road into Okanagan Mt. Park, August 29, 1993, M. D. Schwartz, Ceanothus velutinus (Rhamnaceae) , 33, 3♀ (CNC). Okanagan Falls, July 8, 1974 – July 8, 1975, L. A. Kelton, Purshia tridentata , 153, 5♀ (CNC). Champion Lakes, August, 9, 1970, L. A. Kelton, 3♀ (CNC). Oliver, June 18, 1956, N. H. Anderson, Purshia tridentata , 23 (CNC). Osoyoos, July 16, 1975, L. A. Kelton, 13 (CNC). Osoyoos, East Bench, July 12, 1997 – July 18, 1997, G. G. E. Scudder, Purshia tridentata , 4♀ (UBC). Richter Pass, Osoyoos, June 28, 1959, L. A. Kelton, Purshia tridentata , 93, 4♀ (CNC). Trail, June 21, 1959, L. A. Kelton, 1♀ (CNC). Vaseux Lake, Oliver, June 26, 1959, L. A. Kelton, Purshia tridentata , 93, 6♀ (CNC). Vaseux Lake, Wildlife Reserve, July 8, 1997, G. G. E. Scudder, Purshia tridentata , 43, 4♀ (UBC). USA: California: Fresno Co.: 5 km S of Big Creek on Huntington Lake Rd, 1600 m, July 25, 1999, M. D. Schwartz, Ceanothus cordulatus Kell. (Rhamnaceae) , 343, 11♀ (CNC). Lassen Co.: 3 mi E of Westwood, July 12, 1934, E. P. Van Duzee, 13 (CAS). Placer Co.: September 1, 1900, 13 (USNM). Riverside Co.: San Jacinto Mountains, July 21, 1929, R. H. Beamer, 13 (KU). Siskiyou Co.: 1.5 mi E of I­5 towards McCloud, 3600 ft, July 25, 1986, R. T. Schuh, Ceanothus cordulatus (Rhamnaceae) , 103, 11♀ (AMNH). just NW of McCloud, 3700 ft, July 27, 1986, R. T. Schuh, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae) , 153, 6♀ (AMNH). No specific locality, 13 (CAS). Sisson, August 19, 1908, Bradley, paratypes: 33, 3♀ (CAS, USNM). Idaho: Adams Co.: 3 mi SW of Pine Ridge, Payette Natl. Forest, August 27, 1981, G. M. Stonedahl, Ceanothus sp. (Rhamnaceae) , 1♀ (OSU). Oregon: Deschutes Co.: 8 mi E of Bend, July 10, 1970, K. J. Goeden, 13 (OSDA).

Aurantiocoris purshiae , new species

Figures 1 , 3 , 9

HOLOTYPE: Male: ‘‘[ USA] NEVADA: Lyon Co., 3 mi. S. E. of Toiyabe National Forest Boundary on Rt 338, elev. 6300 feet, July 2, 1983, RT Schuh, MD Schwartz; Purshia tridentata (Pursh.) DC (Rosaceae) ’’. Deposited in the American Museum of Natural History.

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the characters given in the generic diagnosis. Distinguished from A. cuneotinctus by the dorsum being unicolorous orange rather than pale to reddish and the cuneus never heavily tinged with red (fig. 1); hemelytra shorter in A. purshiae than in A. cuneotinctus .

DESCRIPTION: Male: Small, moderately elongate, corial margin distinctly convex, broadest about midway between base of corium and cuneal fracture; total length 2.13– 2.86, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.48–1.91, width across pronotum 0.69– 0.90. COLORATION (fig. 1): Dorsum and venter uniformly orange; antennal segment 1 dark, remaining segments pale; coxae and femora orange, tibiae pale except as noted in generic description. SURFACE AND VES­ TITURE (figs. 1, 9G): As in generic description. STRUCTURE: Hemelytra moderately elongate, ratio of total length to width of pronotum 3.12:1. Labium reaching to hind trochanters. MALE GENITALIA: Apex of vesica moderately long (figs. 3, 9F); phallotheca as in figure 3; parameres as in figure 3.

Female: Small, elongate ovoid; total length 2.12–2.45, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.45–1.76, width across pronotum 0.72–0.86. COLORATION (fig. 1): Coloration more generally pale than in male. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (fig. 1): As in male. STRUCTURE: Hemelytra not so elongate as in male, body much more strongly ovoid (fig. 1); antennal segment 2 weakly tapering toward base, slightly more slender than in male.

ETYMOLOGY: Named for its occurrence on Purshia tridentata (Rosaceae) .

HOSTS: Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt. , Cowania mexicana D. Don , Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC. (Rosaceae) . Label data suggest this species may rarely breed on Arctostaphylos (Ericaceae) .

DISTRIBUTION: Western United States from Washington east to Wyoming and south to Colorado, Utah, and the southern foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California .

PARATYPES: USA: California: Kern Co.: 20 km W of Wofford Heights on Rt 155, 1500 m, July 26, 1999, M. D. Schwartz, Cercocarpus betuloides (Rosaceae) , 3♀ (CNC). 7 mi W of Wofford Heights on Rt 155, 1520 m, June 26, 1999, M. D. Schwartz, Arctostaphylos sp. (Ericaceae) , 13, 4♀ (CNC). Rt 155, 44.6 km E of jct with Rt 65, W of Glennville, 1000 m, July 26, 1999, M.D. Schwartz, Cercocarpus betuloides (Rosaceae) , 13 (CNC). Lassen Co.: 3 mi W of Nubieber, 1405 m, July 6, 1979, R. T. and Joe Schuh, Cercocarpus betuloides (Rosaceae) , 273, 20♀ (AMNH). Modoc Co.: 24.7 mi NW of Canby, 1375 m, July 1, 1979, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, 33, 4♀ (AMNH). Nevada Co.: 7 mi N of Truckee, Sagehen Creek, July 29, 1962, J. T. Doyen, 13, (UCB). Shasta Co.: 1 mi W of Fall Riv­ er Mills, 1030 m, July 7, 1979, R. T. and Joe Schuh, Cercocarpus betuloides (Rosaceae) , 53, 5♀ (AMNH). Brown Butte, July 7, 1947, R. L. Usinger, 13, 5♀ (UCB). Mt. Shasta, June 29, 1935, R. H. Beamer, 13, (KU). Siskiyou Co.: 0.5 mi S of Lava Beds Natl. Monument toward Medicine Lake, 5300 ft., July 17, 1986, R. T. Schuh, Purshia tridentata (Rosaceae) , 13, 1♀ (AMNH). 15 mi SE of Mt. Shasta, 3500 ft, July 10, 1972, P. W. Oman, 13, (OSU). Powder Hill Road, 12.3 mi N of St Hwy 89, July 19, 1985, G. M. Stonedahl and J. D. McIver, Purshia tridentata (Rosaceae) , 53, 25♀ (AMNH). Colorado: Montezuma Co. : Mesa Verde Natl. Park, July 13, 1937, R. H. Beamer, 13, (KU). Nevada: Carson City Co.: Carson City, Summit Clear Creek Grade, July 10, 1934, E. P. Van Duzee, 23, 1♀ (CAS). Elko Co.: 18 mi SE of Halleck on Rt 11, Secret Canyon, T34N R60E Sec15, 6000–6500 ft, July 26, 1982, M. D. Schwartz, Cowania mexicana (Rosaceae) , 233, 12♀ (AMNH). 30 mi SE of I­80 on Hwy 229, 6260 ft, July 19, 1980, G. M. Stonedahl, Purshia tridentata (Rosaceae) , 173, 16♀ (OSU). Lyon Co.: 3 mi SE of Toiyabe Natl. Forest Boundary on Rt 338, 6300 ft, July 2, 1983, R. T. Schuh and M. D. Schwartz, Purshia tridentata (Rosaceae) , 363, 25♀ (AMNH). Washoe Co.: 4.5 mi SW of Washoe, Little Valley Research Area, T16N R19E, 6200 ft, August 4, 1982, M. D. Schwartz, Purshia tridentata (Rosaceae) , 43, 3♀ (AMNH). Verdi, July 9, 1967, W. Gagne, Purshia tridentata (Rosaceae) , 1♀ (UCB). Oregon: Deschutes Co.: 8 mi E of Bend, July 10, 1970, K. J. Goeden, 53, 7♀ (OSDA). Jackson Co.: Just E of Pinehurst, 1140 m, June 27, 1979, R. T. and Joe Schuh, Purshia tridentata (Rosaceae) , 73, 9♀ (AMNH). Jefferson Co.: 10 mi W of Sisters on Hwy 20, August 23, 1981, G. M. Stonedahl, Purshia tridentata (Rosaceae) , 4♀ (OSU). Klamath Co.: 4 mi NW of Worden on road to Keno, July 17, 1985, G. M. Stonedahl and J. D. McIver, Purshia tridentata (Rosaceae) , 273, 28♀ (AMNH). Lake Co.: 24 mi E of LaPine, July 31, 1957, G. F. Kraft, Purshia tridentata (Rosaceae) , 13, 1♀ (OSU). Utah: Cache Co.: Logan, July 22, 1938, G. F. Knowlton and D. E. Hardy, (USU). San Juan Co.: Brush Basin Rim Rd., Co. rd. 227 0.5 E milepost 116, 5700 ft, June 12, 1982, M. D. Schwartz, Purshia tridentata (Rosaceae) , 223, 21♀ (AMNH); HOLOTYPE: male (AMNH). Washington: Douglas Co.: 3 mi N of Ardenvoir, Mud Creek Entiat Riv­ er drainage, July 17, 1968, G. Kraft, 13, 2♀ (OSU). Okanagan Co.: 0.5 mi S of Malott, July 6, 1966, W. Gagne and J. Haddock, 63, 9♀ (UCB). Yakima Co.: 36 mi S of Toppenish, June 26, 1969, P. W. Oman, 13, 2♀ (OSU). Wyoming: Fremont Co.: Wind Riv­ er Mts., 2.5 mi SW Shoshone NF boundary on Rt 131, August 14, 1986, M. D. Schwartz and G. M. Stonedahl, Cowania mexicana (Rosaceae) , 13, 1♀ (AMNH).

Gonoporomiris hispaniolae , new species

Figures 2 , 3

HOLOTYPE: Male: ‘‘ Republica Dominicana: Santo Domingo, Aug. 5, 1967, J. C. Schaffner, at black light’’. Deposited in the entomological collections of Texas A & M University, College Station .

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized, along with Gonoporomiris mirifica (Distant) , by the small size, somewhat flattened body form (fig. 2), the slender and weakly clavate second antennal segment, pale coloration of the corium and clavus, with the head, pronotum, scutellum, and base of cuneus often partially or wholly weakly to strongly brownish, and the neatly arranged pale, weakly shining, recumbent setae (fig. 2). Readily distinguished from G. mirifica by the structure of the vesica in the male, the apex of the vesica in G. mirifica being attenuated in the form of a heavy, sclerotized spine extending well beyond the distalmost portion of the secondary gonopore (see Henry and Schuh, 2002), whereas the apex of the vesica does not surpass the secondary gonopore in G. hispaniolae (fig. 3).

DESCRIPTION: Male: Small, somewhat flattened; total length 2.50–2.87, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.86–2.03, width across pronotum 0.94–1.04. COLORATION (fig. 2): Hemelytra generally pale, sometime weakly pinkish; head, pronotum, scutellum, base of cuneus, thoracic pleuron, abdomen laterally, and distal one­half of hind femora often largely brown; appendages otherwise generally pale, except antennal segment 2 narrowly dark at apex; tibial spines dark with pales bases. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (fig. 2): Dorsum smooth, polished, moderately shining. Vestiture of dorsum composed of recumbent, pale, neatly arranged, weakly shining setae (fig. 2). STRUCTURE: Body weakly flattened; head transverse, frons weakly projecting beyond anterior margin of eyes; posterior margin of vertex rather broadly rounded; calli weakly but distinctly inflat­ ed (fig. 2); antennae showing only weak sexual dimorphism, segment 2 slender, weakly clavate in both sexes; abdomen broad at base, genital capsule large, occupying at least one­half length of abdomen. GENITALIA (fig. 3): Vesica relatively short, stout, Cshaped, secondary gonopore large, occupying about one­half of length of vesica (fig. 3); phallotheca erect (fig. 3); left paramere with posterior process strongly elevated and elongated (fig. 3); right paramere minute, lanceolate (fig. 3).

Female: Small, elongate ovoid; total length 1.61–2.86, length apex clypeus–cuneal fracture 1.92–2.02, width across pronotum 1.02–1.06. COLORATION (fig. 2): More generally pale than male. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (fig. 2): As in male. STRUCTURE: Body more strongly ovoid than in male (fig. 2).

ETYMOLOGY: Named for its occurrence on the island of Hispaniola.

HOSTS: All known specimens collected at black light. Henry and Schuh (2002) suggested that the only other member of the genus, Gonoporomiris mirificus , may be associated with the inflorescences of various species of palms.

DISTRIBUTION: Hispaniola.

DISCUSSION: Henry and Schuh (2002) described the genus Gonoporomiris to accommodate Demarata mirifica Distant , originally described from Mexico. Most of the specimens examined by Henry and Schuh (2002) were from Florida and Grand Bahama Island; they examined one male and one female from the Dominican Republic. Characterization of the male genitalia was based on specimens from Florida, which are the same as those of specimens from the Bahamas. Because all specimens currently known from Mexico are females, it has not been possible to determine if the male genitalia of specimens from the type locality are the same as those known from Florida and the Caribbean. After the Henry and Schuh (2002) paper was published, more specimens from the Dominican Republic came to light. Dissection of males revealed that Gonoporomiris is not represented by a single species in the Caribbean region, but rather that the specimens from Hispaniola differ from those found in Florida and Grand Bahama on the basis of the male genitalia. We predict that the Mexican material is also distinct, but this theory can best be tested through examination of the genitalia of males from Mexico.

PARATYPES: DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Santo Domingo, August 5, 1967 – August 21, 1967, J. C. Schaffner, 23, 9♀ ( AMNH, TAMU) .

Figures

Fig. 1. Habitus figures of male and female specimens, Adenostomocoris through Aurantiocoris.

Fig. 3. Male genitalia, Adenostomocoris through Gonoporomiris.

Fig. 8. Scanning electron micrographs of Aurantiocoris cuneotinctus from Vaseux Lake, British Columbia. A. Head, lateral view. B. Head, dorsal view. C. Setae on hemelytra. D. Pretarsus, laterofrontal view. E. Trichobothria on hind femur, lateral view. F. Pretarsus, ventrofrontal view. G. Mesothoracic spiracle and metaepisternal scent efferent system, lateral view. H. Apex of vesica. Scales as indicated.

Fig. 9. Scanning electron micrographs of Aurantiocoris purshiae from Brush Basin Rim Road, Utah. A. Head, lateral view. B. Mesothoracic spiracle and metepisternal scent efferent system, lateral view. C. Head, anterior view. D. Pretarsus, laterofrontal view. E. Head, dorsal view. F. Apex of vesica and detail of secondary gonopore. G. Setae on hemelytra. H. Hind femur, distal end, dorsal view. Scales as indicated.

Fig. 2. Habitus figures of male and female specimens, Gonoporomiris through Vanduzeephylus.