Apteromutillini Brothers & Lelej, 2017

Brothers, Denis J. & Lelej, Arkady S., 2017, Phylogeny and higher classification of Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) based on morphological reanalyses, Journal of Hymenoptera Research 60, pp. 1-97 : 12

Apteromutillini Brothers & Lelej trib. n.

Type genus.

Apteromutilla Ashmead, 1903. Although the terminals in this group were closely associated in most analyses (see above), and it has low resampling support here (GC = 19), it is not supported by any unique synapomorphies, but there are six unambiguously placed homoplasious synapomorphies for both additive and non-additive characters, the most significant being: 40.2, mesosomal form in females (also in rhopalomutillines and Protophotopsis s.s., and modified in Liotilla ); 110.2, pedicel distinctly longer than wide in males (also in Hindustanilla only); 131.1, humeral angle blunt in males (also in some scattered terminals, and carinate in some Liotilla ); 174.3, apterous without any trace of wings or tegula in males (also only in Hindustanilla and some Viereckia ); 219.1, gonostylus (paramere) short and narrow (also in ticoplines, some myrmosines and sphaeropthalmines, Dasylabroides and Dasylabris , and lamellate in Brachymutilla ). Of interest is that Brachymutilla and Liotilla are apparently the only Mutillidae to lack cerci in the males (Fig. 11 , 216.1), a state found in our analyses also only in Sapyginae , and which is a unique and unambiguous synapomorphy in Mutillidae for those two genera here. The tribe is Afrotropical, with three genera; females and males are known for all genera.

Figures

Figure 11. Preferred most-parsimonious tree (see Fig. 5) showing distribution of characters (upper numbers) and states (lower numbers) optimized as in Appendix 2. Asterisks (*) indicate character states unambiguously placed (position not changing under any optimization). Solid hashmarks indicate unique state changes, and open hashmarks are homoplasies. Letters within boxes indicate breaks in branches to enable effective layout. [continued over 5 pages]