APHONOMORPHINI DESUTTER, 1988

Campos, Lucas Denadai De, Dias, Pedro Guilherme Barrios De Souza, Audino, Jorge Alves, Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure & Nihei, Silvio Shigueo, 2023, The fifth family of the true crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Ensifera: Grylloidea), Oecanthidae defin. nov.: phylogenetic relationships and divergence times, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197 (4), pp. 1034-1077 : 1056

TRIBE APHONOMORPHINI DESUTTER, 1988

Aphonomorphini Desutter, 1988: 362 , Otte, 1994: 78, Gorochov, 1995: 29.

Type genus: Aphonomorphus Rehn, 1903 .

Distribution: Neotropics.

Diagnosis: Medium to large-sized; FWs and HWs developed, surpassing abdomen, FWs without stridulatory apparatus, shorter than HWs ( Fig. 12A ). Posterior margin of eyes slightly concave ( Fig. 12B ; Supporting Information, Fig. S1 Ea); PCu vein not curved, sometimes with stridulatory teeth on ventral face; TI inner tympana present (except Paraphonus ), frequently profound; Apical spurs of tarsomere I of leg III same-size or longer than tarsomere I ( Fig. 12C, D ). Male genitalia: elongated, sometimes asymmetric ( Fig. 12E ); EctAp elongated; ectophallic arc straight; EndAp well developed, flattened laterally ( Fig. 12E ; Supporting Information, Fig. S9A ).

Included genera: Aenigmaphonus Gorochov, 2010 , Aphonomorphus Rehn, 1903 , Eneopteroides Chopard, 1956 , Podoscirtodes Chopard, 1956 (transferred from Podoscirtinae ), Paraphonus Hebard, 1928 , Spiraphonus Gorochov, 2010 .

Remarks: Aphonomorphini do not have a stridulatory apparatus. However, several representatives of this group, like Aphonomorphus and Eneopteroides , have stridulatory teeth in the ventral face of the PCu vein, which is not curved. These crickets also have tympana on TI, indicating that they could emit acoustic signals or avoid predators. There are no records of acoustic communication within this tribe. The genus Podoscirtodes was included in the Podoscirtinae subfamily ( Cigliano et al., 2022), but it does not belong to any group inside this subfamily. The characteristics mentioned in the diagnosis above fit the characteristics of this genus, allowing its transfer to Aphonomorphini . Furthermore, the records of Podoscirtodes are all from Neotropical region ( Cigliano et al., 2022), which match the distribution of the Aphonomorphini tribe.

Figures

Figure 1. Summarized relationship of Grylloidea families from the phylogenetic hypothesis of Chintauan-Marquier et al. (2016).

Figure 9. A, Ultratrella gracilis, male genitalia, ventral view. B, Taroba elephantina, apex of ovipositor: a, dorsal view, b, ventral view. C, Idiotrella karnyi, apex of ovipositor: a, dorsal view, b, ventral view. Scales: 1mm. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Figure 12. Eneopteroides bicolor: A, male, dorsal habitus; B, head and pronotum, lateral view. A. (Aphonomorphus) aff. montanus: C, hind tibia distal margin and tarsi, inner view; D, hind tibia distal margin and tarsi, outer view. E, A. (Euaphonus) sp., male genitalia, ventral view. Scales: 1mm. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.