Ancylorhynchus unifasciatus ( Loew, 1858 )
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5733/afin.052.0214 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B75F77-C606-FF81-FE3C-DE53FD95FBF2 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Ancylorhynchus unifasciatus ( Loew, 1858 ) |
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Ancylorhynchus unifasciatus ( Loew, 1858) View in CoL
Figs 27 View Figs 3–30 , 57 View Figs 51–60 , 135–137 View Figs 129–146 , 152 View Fig
Xiphocerus unifasciatus Loew, 1858: 349 View in CoL ; 1860: 156.
Ancylorrhynchus unifasciatus: Kertész 1909: 103 (catalogue); Hull 1960: 217; Oldroyd 1974: 32. Ancylorrhynchus munroi Bromley, 1936: 135 ; Hull 1960: 217; Oldroyd 1974: 32. Syn. n. Ancylorhynchus unifasciatus: Oldroyd 1980: 360 View in CoL (catalogue).
Ancylorhynchus munroi: Oldroyd 1980: 360 View in CoL (catalogue).
Redescription:
Male (based on holotype unifasciatus . Condition: Good; left antenna broken off beyond pedicel; right wing with small anterior part missing.).
Head: Dark red-brown to black, silver pruinose, pale yellow and red-brown to dark red-brown setose. Antenna ( Fig. 27 View Figs 3–30 ): Entirely dark red-brown, scape and pedicel red-brown setose, postpedicel with terminal stylus ‘segment’ present, tipped with obliquely positional pit-enclosed spine-like sensory element. Segmental ratios: 1:0.3:3.0:0.1. Face blackish, silver pruinose except lateral margins of epistomal margin, mystax dark red-brown occupying ventral ⅓ of face. Frons and vertex blackish, fine silver pruinose, pale yellow and dark red-brown setose; ocellar tubercle fine pale yellow and dark setose. Occiput blackish, uniformly fine silver-grey pruinose, dark red-brown setose (few pale yellow setae dorsally). Palpus dark red-brown, red-brown setose, terminal palpomere swollen, apex projecting with terminal sensory pit. Proboscis dark red-brown, red-brown setose.
Thorax: Blackish with orange areas dorsally, fine silver-grey pruinose, white pale yellow and red-brown setose. Prothorax entirely blackish, fine silver-grey pruinose, dark red-brown setose. Mesonotum blackish except for orange postpronotal lobes and posterior region (including postalar lobes and surrounding area), fine silver-grey pruinose, fine moderately long pale yellow and dark red-brown setose. Mesonotal macrosetae (dark red-brown or orange when present): dc dark red-brown anterior of transverse suture, orange posteriorly, c. 2–3 dark red-brown npl, 2 red-brown spal, 4 orange pal. Scutellum entirely blackish, fine silver pruinose, disc sparsely pale yellow setose, hind margin with c. 6 red-brown, longish, weakly developed macrosetae accompanied by minor setae. Pleura entirely blackish, silver-grey pruinose, white setose (confined to anepst, kepst and ktg). Anatg and mes pnot blackish. Legs: cx blackish, silver pruinose, white setose; tro dark red-brown; fem, tib and tar uniformly dark red-brown, mostly pale yellow-white setose (some orange-brown tarsal setae), claws dark red-brown with orange proximal parts. Wings ( Fig. 57 View Figs 51–60 ): 4.7× 1.8 mm. Veins brown. Membrane pale brownish, extensively microtrichose (only few small proximal areas bare), cells mostly semi-transparent. Haltere brown-yellow.
Abdomen: Extensively blackish with small orange areas dorsally, fine silver-grey pruinose, white, pale yellow and pale brown setose. T1 blackish; T2–4 blackish with tiny yellowish areas laterally on posterior margin and large silver pruinose areas posterolaterally (continuous medially); T3–4 blackish with yellowish posterolateral margins, weakly pruinose; T5–7 dark red-brown with narrow orange hind margins, moderately silver pruinose; T8–9 and terminalia red-brown. Sternites similar to tergites, posterior margins yellowish.
Genitalia ( Figs 135–137 View Figs 129–146 ): Epand bifid, forming pair of slightly diverging, relatively short and stout lobes. Lobes closely abut proximally, each is relatively straight with slightly inwardly directed distal ends; lobes characteristically downturned at about midlength when viewed laterally. Proct simple, dorsally situated cerc elongate, appearing fused proximally, projecting posteriorly to approximately similar level attained by epand. Goncx well developed, outer lobe projecting posteriorly to somewhat blunt distal end; dorsal finger-like process well developed, shortish, somewhat clavate; inner lobe well developed, distal end sclerotised, medially directed. Gonst slightly laterally compressed, dorsally directed, tip curved anteriorly (somewhat hidden from view in undissected genitalia). Hypd moderately developed, about twice as wide as long, tapering fairly rapidly to broadly rounded, medially indented, ridge-like distal end. Aed sheath fairly elongate with tiny bifid distal tip.
Holotype munroi (Condition: Good; both antenna broken off beyond pedicels; right mesothoracic leg partly hidden within thorax where pin exits specimen.).
Head: Black, silver pruinose, whitish and dark red-brown setose. Antenna: Scape and pedicel dark red-brown, whitish setose, postpedicel missing. Segmental ratios: 1:0.4:-:-. Face black, silver pruinose except laterally on epistomal margin, mystax dark red-brown occupying ventral ⅓ of face. Frons and vertex black, fine silver pruinose, whitish setose; ocellar tubercle fine whitish setose. Occiput black, uniformly silver pruinose, dorsal setae whitish ventral setae dark red-brown. Palpus dark red-brown, dark red-brown setose, terminal palpomere swollen, apex projecting with terminal sensory pit. Proboscis dark red-brown, red-brown setose.
Thorax: Black with orange areas dorsally, silver pruinose, white and pale yellow setose. Prothorax entirely black, silver pruinose, whitish setose. Mesonotum orange except for broad black medial band extending from anterior to posterior margin, being broader at level of transverse suture but falling short of lateral margins, silver pruinose, fine moderately long white and pale yellow setose. Mesonotal macrosetae (pale yellow when present): dc pale yellow only posterior of transverse suture, c. 4 npl, 2 spal, 3–4 pal. Scutellum entirely dark red-brown, strongly silver pruinose, disc sparsely long whitish setose, hind margin with c. 6 pale whitish macrosetae accompanied by minor setae. Pleura entirely black, entirely strongly silver pruinose, setae whitish confined mainly to anepst, kepst and ktg. Anatg and mes pnot black, not contrasting with scutellum. Legs: cx black, strongly silver pruinose, white setose; tro dark red-brown; fem orange with dark red-brown proximal ⅔ (fem 1) or dark red-brown dorsal band (fem 2&3), tib and tar uniformly orange, legs entirely whitish setose, claws dark red-brown with orange proximal parts. Wings: 6.1× 2.4 mm. Veins orange to pale brown. Membrane extensively microtrichose (some proximal cells partly bare), largely colourless and transparent. Haltere yellow with yellow-brown extremities.
Abdomen: Predominantly blackish with fairly narrow orange or orange-brown areas, silver pruinose, whitish setose. T1 uniformly blackish, strongly silver pruinose laterally; T2–3 blackish with narrow yellow-brown posterior margins and large areas of strong silver pruinescence laterally (completely absent medially); T4–8 similar to T3 but lacking large areas of strong silver pruinescence. Sternites blackish with orange posterior margins and long whitish setae. Terminalia: Agrees well with holotype of unifasciatus .
Variation: The above redescription of the A. munroi holotype illustrates the degree of intraspecific variation that may be expected. The species demonstrates little sexual dimorphism. While males usually have a dark red-brown to black mystax there are 2♂ from Soutpan with a white mystax. The mystax of females varies from pale yellow to orange. Males frequently have dark red-brown legs, but some have light brown to orange tibiae (and perhaps the distal ends of femora may be orange). Female legs are mostly fairly uniform orange, but a few may have the proximal parts of femora brownish.
Holotype unifasciatus (examined): ♂ SOUTH AFRICA: ‘113.’, ‘245’, ‘ Xiphocerus / univittatus’. Note: This specimen is incorrectly labelled ‘ univittatus ’ ( NHRS).
Holotype munroi (examined): ♂ SOUTH AFRICA: ‘Pretoria / W. boom. [Wonderboom, 25°36'S: 29°20'E] Nov. 1915 / H.K. Munro’, ‘ Holotype / Ancylorrhynchus munroi Br’ [red], ‘ Ancylorrhynchus / munroi Brom. / ♂ / Holotype No. 150’ [red ink] ( NMSA).
Allotype munroi (examined): ♀ SOUTH AFRICA: ‘Pretoria [25°44'S: 28°11'E] / 3.i.23 / H.K. Munro’, ‘ Allotype / Ancylorrhynchus / munroi Br’, ‘ Ancylorrhynchus munroi Brom / Allotype No. 151’ ( NMSA).
Paratype munroi (examined): ♀ SOUTH AFRICA: ‘Pretoria / F [Faerie] Glen [25°46'24"S: 28°18'03"E] 22.i.16 / H.K. Munro’, ‘Paratopotype / Ancylorrhynchus / munroi Br’ [red], ‘d.d.S.W. / Bromley. / 485. 1937’, ‘ Ancylorrhynchus / munroi / Bromley / Det. / S.W. Bromley 1937’, ‘Type Dip: 170 / Ancylorrhynchus / munroi / Bromley / Hope Dept. Oxford’ (OXUM).
Note: The type locality is unknown.
Other material examined: SOUTH AFRICA: 2♂ ‘Sth Africa: Transvaal / Soutpan 23–24.ii.1980 / Soutpansberge 2229CD / J. Londt & L. Schoeman / Bushveld vegetation’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘So. Africa: Transvaal / N Kruger Natl. Park / Pafuri 22.21S 31.17E / 1–13 February 1980 / L. Braack. Malaise trap’ (NMSA); 2♂ ‘South Africa, Tvl. / Kruger Nat. Park / Pafuri, 22.26S / 31.12E. 23–29.i. / 1984 C.D. Eardley’ (SANC); 1♂ ‘South Africa, N.W. Tvl. / Mogol Nature Reserve / Ellisras Dist. 23.58S / 27.45E. 19–23 xi.1979 / M.W. Mansell’ (SANC); 1♀ ‘Sth Africa: Transvaal / Blyde river canyon / 2430DB 26–27.ii.1980 / J. Londt & L. Schoeman / Bushveld vegetation’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘South Africa, Tvl. / Nylsvley Nature / Res. 24.39S 28.42E. / 10/ 11 xii.1979. / C.D. Eardley, C.G. / Moolman, W.A. Harrop’, ‘malaise trap’ (SANC); 1♂ ‘Pretoria [25°44'S: 28°11'E] M., / 28.I.1948 / G. van Son’ (NMSA); 2♂ ‘South Africa / Barberton [25°47'S: 31°03'E] / Tvl. xii.1978 / C.D. Eardley’ (SANC); 1♂ ‘Ingwavuma [27°08'S: 31°59'E] / Zululand, Natal / South Africa / 10 xii.63’, ‘Collectors / B. & P. Stuckenberg’ (NMSA); 6♂ 3♀ ‘S. Africa: Natal #97 / Itala Game Reserve / Graig Adam Dam / 27°28’S 31°25’E / ii.1991 R.M. Miller / Malaise trap’ (NMSA); 1♀ ‘R.S.A.: KZ-Natal #73 / Itala Game Reserve / 27°32’S 31°22’E 570m / Date: 4 xi.1997 / Coll: J.G.H. &A. Londt / Kwasambane Grassland’ (NMSA); 1♂ 1♀ ‘South Africa KwaZulu-Natal / Vreyheid [Vryheid] Nature Reserve / N of Vreyheid [Vryheid, 27°46'S: 30°48'E] 1300m / le.g. T. Dikow 2 xii.1999 ’ (CODI); 2♂ ‘South Africa Natal / Zululand / Ngoye Mission / 2831DC 15.xii.1983 / P. Reavell’ (NMSA); 2♀ ‘Sth Africa KZ-Natal / Cumberland Nature Res. / 29°30’16”S: 30°30’12”E / 3.ii.2002 J.G.H. Londt / 570m Horseshow area / mixed wooded grassland’ (NMSA); 2♂ ‘S Africa KwaZulu-Natal / Cumberland Nature Res. / 29°30.457’S 30°30.383’E / J.G.H. Londt 21 xii.2007 / 564 [m] Acacia savanna’ (NMSA); 1♂ ‘Durban [29°51'S: 31°01'E] / W. Haygarth / Apr 1913 ’, ‘Sammlung / F. Hermann’, ‘ Ancylorrh. / unifasciatus / Lw.’, ‘ unifasciatus / Lw.’, ‘ Ancylorrhynchus / unifasciatus / Lw. / ♂ / det. E. O. Engel’ (ZSMC); 1♂ ‘Durban / W. Haygarth / Apr. 1913 ’ (SAMC).
Distribution, phenology and biology: Known only from South Africa ( Table 1), where it is fairly widely distributed ( Fig. 152 View Fig ). Specimens have been collected from November– April (no March records) (Table 2). The biology is largely unknown, although most of the recorded localities fall within the Savanna biome.
Similar species: A fairly distinctive member of the reynaudii species-group without close similarities to other species.
| NHRS |
Swedish Museum of Natural History, Entomology Collections |
| NMSA |
KwaZulu-Natal Museum |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Ancylorhynchus unifasciatus ( Loew, 1858 )
| Londt, Jason G. H. 2011 |
Ancylorrhynchus unifasciatus: Kertész 1909: 103
| BROMLEY, S. W. 1936: 135 |
| KERTESZ, C. 1909: 103 |
Xiphocerus unifasciatus
| LOEW, H. 1858: 349 |