Novalena Chamberlin & Ivie

Maya-Morales, Julieta & Jiménez, María Luisa, 2017, Revision of the funnel-web spider genus Novalena (Araneae: Agelenidae), Zootaxa 4262 (1), pp. 1-88 : 8-10

Key to species of Novalena Chamberlin & Ivie

The males of N. attenuata , N. bipartita , N. bipunctata , N. costata , N. laticava , N. ajusco , N. alvarezi , N. atzimbo , N. cieneguilla , N. comaltepec , N. divisadero , N. durango , N. irazu , N. jiquilpan , N. orizaba , N. paricutin , N. plata , N. popoca , N. prieta , N. saltoensis , N. sinaloa , N. triunfo , N. victoria , and N. volcanes are unknown. The females of N. alamo , N. bosencheve , N. ivei , and N. ixtlan are unknown. Epigyna of N. bipartita and N. laticava were examined by photos but these two species are not included in the key. Novalena orizaba was not examined and also is not included in the key.

1 Males.............................................................................................. 2

- Females........................................................................................... 30

2(1) Metatarsus and tarsus I and II with four rows of long, curved hairs ( Fig. 29).......................... N. ixtlan sp. nov.

- Metatarsus and tarsus I and II without four rows of long, curved hairs........................................... 3

3(2) RTA with ventral projection ( Figs. 3 d, 12a, 16e, 21d, 28g, 39b)................................................ 4

- RTA without ventral projection ( Figs. 13 b, 18b, 32b, 42b)................................................... 24

4(3) Dorsal projection of RTA with two sharp points directed ventrally ( Figs. 7 b, 12b).................................. 5

- Dorsal projection of RTA without two sharp points directed ventrally ( Figs. 20 e, 26b).............................. 6

5(4) Ventral projection of RTA prominent in ventral view ( Fig. 12 a).................................... N. lutzi (Gertsch)

- Ventral projection of RTA small in ventral view ( Fig. 7 a)............................. N. calavera Chamberlin & Ivie

6(4) Median apophysis as long as wide ( Fig. 16 d).................................................. N. alamo sp. nov.

- Median apophysis longer than wide ( Figs. 28 d, 39a)......................................................... 7

7(6) Dorsal projection of conductor larger than ventral projection ( Figs. 28 d, 39a)..................................... 8

- Dorsal projection of conductor smaller than ventral projection or projections of similar size ( Figs. 3 c, 31a).............. 9

8(7) RTA with ventral and dorsal projections large and with deep excavation ( Fig. 28 e)...................... N. iviei sp. nov.

- RTA with ventral and dorsal projections small and without deep excavation ( Fig. 39 b).................. N. rothi sp. nov.

9(7) Fulcrum present ( Fig. 2 a)...................................................... N. annamae (Gertsch & Davis)

- Fulcrum absent ( Figs. 26 a, 30d)........................................................................ 10

10(9) Tegular median process with two projections ( Figs. 4 a, 22a, 34d, 38a)......................................... 11

- Tegular median process with one projection ( Figs. 19 a, 26a, 33d, 37a)......................................... 17

11(10) Mesal and ectal projections of tegular median process adjacent ( Figs. 30 d, 31a, 34d).............................. 12

- Mesal and ectal projections of tegular median process separated ( Figs. 4 a, 16l, 22a, 38a)........................... 14

12(10) Mesal and ectal projections of tegular median process of similar length ( Fig. 31 a)............... N. mexiquensis sp. nov.

- Mesal projection of tegular median process longer than ectal projection ( Figs. 30 d, 34d)........................... 13

13(12) Dorsal and ventral projections of RTA clearly differentiated ( Fig. 30 e)........................... N. leonensis sp. nov.

- Dorsal and ventral projections of RTA not clearly differentiated, represented by four small projections ( Fig. 34 e)................................................................................................ N. poncei sp. nov.

14(11) Tegular median process exceeding the length of conductor ( Fig. 38 a)............................... N. punta sp. nov.

- Tegular median process not exceeding the length of conductor ( Figs. 3 c, 16l, 21b)................................ 15

15(14) Mesal projection of tegular median process with several teeth ( Fig. 21 b, c)......................... N. dentata sp. nov.

- Mesal projection of tegular median process without teeth.................................................... 16

16(15) RTA with dorsal projection larger than ventral projection ( Fig. 3 d).................... N. approximata (Gertsch & Ivie)

- RTA with dorsal and ventral projections of similar size ( Fig. 16 m)............................ N. bosencheve sp. nov.

17(10) Embolus straight ( Figs. 19 a, 20d)...................................................................... 18

- Embolus curved ( Figs. 10 a, 26a, 33d)................................................................... 19

18(17) Ventral projection of RTA with a small denticle ( Fig. 19 b)........................................ N. clara sp. nov.

- Ventral projection of RTA without a small denticle ( Fig. 20 e)..................................... N. creel sp. nov.

19(17) Ventral projection of RTA with a spine-shaped subprocess ( Fig. 43 e)............................. N. valdezi sp. nov.

- Ventral projection of RTA without a spine-shaped subprocess ( Figs. 11 b, 33e)................................... 20

20(19) Ventral projection of conductor notched ( Figs. 11 b, 37a)..................................................... 21

- Ventral projection of conductor not notched ( Fig. 33 d)...................................................... 22

21(20) Dorsal projection of RTA cupped ( Fig. 11 b) and much larger than ventral projection ( Fig. 10 c).............................................................................................. N. intermedia (Chamberlin & Gertsch)

- Dorsal projection of RTA pointed and slightly larger than ventral projection ( Fig. 37 b)................. N. puebla sp. nov.

22(20) Dorsal and ventral projections of RTA of similar size ( Fig. 26 b).................................. N. garnica sp. nov.

- Dorsal projection of RTA larger than ventral projection ( Figs. 25 b, 33e)........................................ 23

23(22) Ectal border of tegular median process undulate ( Fig. 25 a)...................................... N. franckei sp. nov.

- Ectal border of tegular median process slightly rounded ( Fig. 33 d)................................. N. perote sp. nov.

24(3) Conductor with dorsal projection larger than ventral projection; tegular median process with two short and pointed tips ( Fig. 17 a).............................................................................. N. chamberlini sp. nov.

- Conductor with dorsal and ventral projections of similar size or ventral projection larger than dorsal projection ( Figs. 18 a); teg- ular median process otherwise ( Figs. 15 a, 42a)........................................................... 25

25(24) Tegular median process hook-shaped ( Fig. 27 a).............................................. N. gibarrai sp. nov.

- Tegular median process otherwise ( Figs. 13 a, 32a)......................................................... 26

26(25) Tegular median process with tip strongly sclerotized ( Figs. 15 a, 32a)........................................... 27

- Tegular median process with tip as sclerotized as tegulum ( Figs. 13 a, 18a, 42a)................................... 28

27(26) Tegular median process separated from embolus by its length ( Fig. 15 a)............ N. simplex (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge)

- Tegular median process separated from embolus by less than half its length ( Fig. 32 a)................ N. oaxaca sp. nov.

28(26) RTA with denticles ( Fig. 13 b).................................................. N. shlomitae (García-Villafuerte)

- RTA without denticles ( Figs. 18 b, 42b).................................................................. 29

29(28) Tegulum rounded in lateral view; RTA with inconspicuous excavation ( Fig. 18 b)................... N. cintalapa sp. nov.

- Tegulum flat in lateral view; RTA with conspicuous excavation ( Fig. 42 b)........................... N. tacana sp. nov.

30(1) Copulatory openings adjacent, visible in posterior view ( Figs. 7 e, 12e)......................................... 31

- Copulatory openings separated, usually visible in ventral view ( Figs. 2 c, 5a, 16i, 40d, 44a)......................... 32

31(30) Copulatory openings as long as wide ( Fig. 7 e)...................................... N. calavera Chamberlin & Ivie

- Copulatory openings wider than long ( Fig. 12 e)................................................. N. lutzi (Gertsch)

32(30) Lateral margins of atrium forming a spiral that surrounds the copulatory openings ( Figs. 17 c, 34a, 35d)............... 33

- Lateral margins of atrium not forming a spiral ( Figs. 16 a, 19c, 27c, 28a, 32c).................................... 35

33(32) Primary spermathecae strongly curved with anterior and posterior parts almost touching ( Fig. 35 e)....... N. prieta sp. nov.

- Primary spermathecae not strongly curved ( Fig. 34 b)....................................................... 34

34(33) Primary spermathecae three times longer than wide and separated by their width ( Fig. 17 d)........ N. chamberlini sp. nov.

- Primary spermathecae two times longer than wide and separated by less than their width ( Fig. 34 b)....... N. plata sp. nov.

35(32) Copulatory openings in median position of atrium ( Figs. 26 c, 39c)............................................. 36

- Copulatory openings in lateral position of atrium ( Figs. 16 a, 24a, 30f).......................................... 37

36(35) Atrium with spurs ( Fig. 39 c)................................................................ N. rothi sp. nov.

- Atrium without spurs ( Fig. 26 c)........................................................... N. garnica sp. nov.

37(35) Primary spermathecae strongly curved and four times longer than wide ( Figs. 36 a, 37d)................ N. puebla sp. nov.

- Primary spermathecae less curved or straight and three times or less longer than wide ( Figs. 23 a, 33g, 44e)............ 38

38(37) Atrium hexagonal-shaped ( Fig. 40 d)....................................................... N. sinaloa sp. nov.

- Atrium not hexagonal-shaped ( Figs. 5 d, 16f, 19c, 31c)...................................................... 39

39(38) Distance between anterior and posterior margins of atrium as long or longer than half the plate length in posterior view ( Figs. 5 f, 11e, 16c, 30h)....................................................................................40

- Distance between anterior and posterior margins of atrium shorter than half the plate length in posterior view ( Figs. 4 e, 16h, 20h, 32e)........................................................................................... 43

40(39) Atrium with anterior margin strongly sclerotized; spurs adjacent ( Figs. 16 a, 30f).................................. 41

- Atrium with anterior margin not sclerotized; spurs separated ( Figs. 4 c, 13c, 27c, 34f, 40a).......................... 42

41(40) Spurs long ( Fig. 16 a); primary spermathecae with a dorsal transverse mark ( Fig. 16 b)................. N. ajusco sp. nov.

- Spurs short ( Fig. 30 f); primary spermathecae without a dorsal transverse mark ( Fig. 30 g)............. N. leonensis sp. nov.

42(40) Secondary spermathecae bifurcated; primary spermathecae adjacent ( Fig. 5 e)............... N. bipunctata Roth stat. rev.

- Secondary spermathecae not bifurcated ( Fig. 10 f); primary spermathecae separated ( Fig. 11 d)................................................................................................ N. intermedia (Chamberlin & Gertsch)

43(39) Atrium with posterior margin thick ( Figs. 13 c, 15c, 28a, 42c, 43a)............................................. 44

- Atrium with posterior margin thin ( Figs. 7 f, 16i, 24d, 27c, 35a)............................................... 49

44(43) Atrium with posterior margin divided in two or three large and rounded parts ( Figs. 18 c, 42c, 43a)................... 45

- Atrium with posterior margin more or less straight ( Figs. 13 c, 15c, 28a)........................................ 47

45(44) Median plate wider towards ventral margin in posterior view ( Fig. 43 c)............................. N. triunfo sp. nov.

- Median plate uniformly wide in posterior view ( Figs. 18 e, 42e)............................................... 46

46(45) Secondary spermathecae directed anteriorly ( Fig. 18 d); spurs near to lateral margin of atrium ( Fig. 18 c). N. cintalapa sp. nov.

- Secondary spermathecae directed dorsally ( Fig. 42 d); spurs in median position of atrium ( Fig. 42 c)....... N. tacana sp. nov.

47(44) Anterior margin of atrium with lateral lobes (ectal to spurs) ( Fig. 15 c).............. N. simplex (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge)

- Anterior margin of atrium without lateral lobes ( Fig. 13 c).................................................... 48

48(47) Secondary spermathecae thick ( Fig. 28 b); spurs separated by more than three times their basal width ( Fig. 28 a)................................................................................................... N. irazu sp. nov.

- Secondary spermathecae thin ( Fig. 13 d); spurs separated by twice their basal width ( Fig. 13 c).................................................................................................... N. shlomitae (García-Villafuerte)

49(43) Copulatory ducts curved in longitudinal direction ( Fig. 27 d).................................... N. gibarrai sp. nov.

- Copulatory ducts straight or curved in lateral direction ( Figs. 2 d, 5b, 33b, 44e)................................... 50

50(49) Atrium with a pair of deep pits ( Fig. 24 d)................................................... N. durango sp. nov.

- Atrium without a pair of deep pits ( Figs. 16 f, 20a, 24a, 40a).................................................. 51

51(50) Primary spermathecae separated by more than their width ( Fig. 30 b)............................. N. jiquilpan sp. nov.

- Primary spermathecae adjacent or separated by less than their width ( Figs. 16 j, 23a, 25d, 33g, 43g)................... 52

52(51) Atrium strongly procurved (copulatory openings anterior to spurs) ( Figs. 20 a, 22c, 34f, 38c, 43f).................... 53

- Atrium straight or slightly procurved (copulatory openings on the same level or posterior to spurs) ( Figs. 2 c, 24a, 32c, 44d)..................................................................................................... 58

53(52) Atrium with anterior margin strongly sclerotized ( Fig. 22 c)..................................... N. dentata sp. nov.

- Atrium with anterior margin not sclerotized ( Figs. 16 f, 20a, 34f, 38c, 43f)....................................... 54

54(53) Secondary spermathecae longer than copulatory ducts width ( Fig. 43 g)............................ N. valdezi sp. nov.

- Secondary spermathecae otherwise ( Figs. 34 g, 38d)........................................................ 55

55(54) Secondary spermathecae thick (almost as wide as copulatory ducts) ( Fig. 20 b)................... N. comaltepec sp. nov.

- Secondary spermathecae short and thin ( Figs. 16 g, 34g, 38d)................................................. 56

56(55) Primary spermathecae strongly curved and without a transverse dorsal mark ( Fig. 38 d)................. N. punta sp. nov.

- Primary spermathecae less curved and with a transverse dorsal mark ( Figs. 16 g, 34g).............................. 57

57(56) Spurs large, their basal width occupying almost half the atrium width ( Fig. 34 f)...................... N. poncei sp. nov.

- Spurs small, their basal width occupying less than half the atrium width ( Fig. 16 f)................... N. alvarezi sp. nov.

58(52) Atrium with lateral hoods ( Fig. 35 a)........................................................ N. popoca sp. nov.

- Atrium without lateral hoods ( Figs. 7 f, 20f, 31c, 44a)....................................................... 59

59(58) Atrium with anterior or lateral sclerotized tips ( Figs. 2 c, 5a, 31c, 33f).......................................... 60

- Atrium without anterior or lateral sclerotized tips ( Figs. 4 c, 17f, 25c, 33a)....................................... 64

60(59) Atrium with anterior sclerotized tips ( Figs. 5 a, 32c, 33f)..................................................... 61

- Atrium with lateral sclerotized tips ( Figs. 2 c, 31c).......................................................... 63

61(60) Primary spermathecae curved ( Fig. 33 g)..................................................... N. perote sp. nov.

- Primary spermathecae straight ( Figs. 5 b, 32d)............................................................. 62

62(61) Atrium with posterior margin protruded ( Fig. 5 a)............................. N. attenuata (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge)

- Atrium with posterior margin not protruded ( Fig. 32 c)......................................... N. oaxaca sp. nov.

63(60) Median plate wider towards ventral margin in posterior view ( Fig. 31 e); secondary spermathecae conspicuous ( Fig. 31 d)..................................................................................... N. mexiquensis sp. nov.

- Median plate uniformly wide in posterior view ( Fig. 2 e); secondary spermathecae small ( Fig. 2 d)................................................................................................... N. annamae (Gertsch & Davis)

64(59) Spurs directed mesally ( Figs. 4 c, 19c, 25c, 44d)............................................................ 65

- Spurs directed posteriorly ( Figs. 20 f, 24a, 33a, 44a)........................................................ 68

65(64) Atrium occupying more than half the plate width ( Figs. 19 c, 44d)............................................. 66

- Atrium occupying half the plate width ( Figs. 4 c, 25c)....................................................... 67

66(65) Spurs anterior to copulatory openings ( Fig. 44 d)............................................. N. volcanes sp. nov.

- Spurs covering copulatory openings ( Fig. 19 c)................................................. N. clara sp. nov.

67(65) Atrium length half the plate length ( Fig. 4 c)....................................... N. approximata (Gertsch & Ivie)

- Atrium length less than half the plate length ( Fig. 25 c)......................................... N. franckei sp. nov.

68(64) Atrium with a central yellow protuberance ( Fig. 17 h)....................................... N. cieneguilla sp. nov.

- Atrium without a central yellow protuberance............................................................. 69

69(68) Spurs separated by their basal width ( Figs. 16 i, 44a)........................................................ 70

- Spurs separated by more their basal width ( Figs. 7 f, 20f, 24a, 33a, 40a)......................................... 71

70(69) Spurs mesal to copulatory openings ( Fig. 44 a)................................................ N. victoria sp. nov.

- Spurs anterior to copulatory openings ( Fig. 16 i)............................................... N. atzimbo sp. nov.

71(69) Spurs two times longer than wide ( Fig. 33 a)................................................ N. paricutin sp. nov.

- Spurs as long as wide ( Figs. 7 f, 20f, 24a, 40a)............................................................. 72

72(71) Posterior margin of atrium protruding ventrally ( Fig. 40 a)..................................... N. saltoensis sp. nov.

- Posterior margin of atrium not protruding ( Fig. 7 f)......................................................... 73

73(72) Lateral margins of atrium straight ( Fig. 20 f); primary spermathecae oblique ( Fig. 20 g).................. N. creel sp. nov.

- Lateral margins otherwise; primary spermathecae straight ( Figs. 7 g, 24b)....................................... 74

74(73) Lateral margins of atrium curved ( Fig. 7 f); posterior part of primary spermathecae wider than anterior part ( Fig. 7 g)............................................................................... N. costata (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge)

- Lateral margins oblique ( Fig. 24 a); primary spermathecae uniformly wide ( Fig. 24 b)............... N. divisadero sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Novalena annamae (Gertsch & Davis 1940): a, male pedipalp, ventral view; b, same, retrolateral view; c, epigynum, ventral view; d, internal genitalia, dorsal view; e, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; CO, copulatory openings; E, embolus; F, fulcrum; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; RTAv, ventral projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: a = 0.5 mm; e = 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 3. Novalena approximata (Gertsch & Ivie 1936), male pedipalp (SEM): a, ventral view; b, prolateral view; c, d, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: Cd, dorsal projection of conductor; Cv, ventral projection of conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; RTAv, ventral projection of RTA; St, subtegulum; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process.

FIGURE 4. Novalena approximata (Gertsch & Ivie 1936): a, male pedipalp, ventral view; b, same, retrolateral view; c, epigynum, ventral view; d, internal genitalia, dorsal view; e, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; RTAv, ventral projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 5. Novalena spp.: a – c, Novalena attenuata (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge 1902); d – f, Novalena bipunctata Roth 1967 stat. rev. a, d, epigynum, ventral view; b, e, internal genitalia, dorsal view; c, f, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; CD, copulatory ducts; CO, copulatory openings; FD, fertilization ducts; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae. Dashed line indicates distance between anterior and posterior margins. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 7. Novalena spp. genitalia: a – e, Novalena calavera Chamberlin & Ivie 1942; f – h, Novalena costata (F. O. Pickard- Cambridge 1902). a, male pedipalp, ventral view; b, same, retrolateral view; c, f, epigynum, ventral view; d, g, internal genitalia, dorsal view; e, h, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; CO, copulatory openings; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; H, hoods; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; RTAv, ventral projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; e, h = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 10. Novalena intermedia (Chamberlin & Gertsch 1930) (SEM): a, c, e, male pedipalp; b, d, f, internal female genitalia. a, c, ventral view; b, d, dorsal view; e, prolateral view, arrow to prolateral protuberance; f, anterior view. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory ducts; Cd, dorsal projection of conductor; Cv, ventral projection of conductor; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; RTAv, ventral projection of RTA; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process.

FIGURE 11. Novalena intermedia (Chamberlin & Gertsch 1930): a, male pedipalp, ventral view; b, same, retrolateral view; c, epigynum, ventral view; d, internal genitalia, dorsal view; e, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; RTAv, ventral projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Dashed line indicates distance between anterior and posterior margins. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 12. Novalena lutzi (Gertsch 1933): a, male pedipalp, ventral view; b, same, retrolateral view; c, epigynum, ventral view; d, internal genitalia, dorsal view; e, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; CO, copulatory openings; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; H, hoods; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; RTAv, ventral projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 13. Novalena shlomitae (García-Villafuerte 2009): a, male pedipalp, ventral view; b, same, retrolateral view; c, epigynum, ventral view; d, internal genitalia, dorsal view; e, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 15. Novalena simplex (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge 1902): a, male pedipalp, ventral view; b, same, retrolateral view; c, epigynum, ventral view; d, internal genitalia, dorsal view; e, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: a = 0.5 mm; e = 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 16. Novalena spp. genitalia: a – c, Novalena ajusco sp. nov.; d, e, Novalena alamo sp. nov.; f – h, Novalena alvarezi sp. nov.; i – k, Novalena atzimbo sp. nov.; l, m, Novalena bosencheve sp. nov. a, f, i, epigynum, ventral view; b, g, j, internal genitalia, dorsal view; c, h, k, epigynum, posterior view; d, l, male pedipalp, ventral view; e, m, same retrolateral view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; CO, copulatory openings; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; RTAv, ventral projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Dashed line indicates distance between anterior and posterior margins. Scale bars: c, h, k = 0.25 mm; d, l = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 17. Novalena spp. genitalia: a – e, Novalena chamberlini sp. nov.; f – h, Novalena cieneguilla sp. nov. a, male pedipalp, ventral view; b, same, retrolateral view; c, f, epigynum, ventral view; d, g, internal genitalia, dorsal view; e, h, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; CO, copulatory openings; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: a = 0.5 mm; e, h = 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 18. Novalena cintalapa sp. nov.: a, male pedipalp, ventral view; b, same, retrolateral view; c, epigynum, ventral view; d, internal genitalia, dorsal view; e, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 19. Novalena clara sp. nov.: a, male pedipalp, ventral view; b, same, retrolateral view; c, epigynum, ventral view; d, internal genitalia, dorsal view; e, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; RTAv, ventral projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: a = 0.5 mm; e = 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 20. Novalena spp. genitalia: a – c, Novalena comaltepec sp. nov.; d – h, Novalena creel sp. nov. a, f, epigynum, ventral view; b, g, internal genitalia, dorsal view; c, h, epigynum, posterior view; d, male pedipalp, ventral view; e, same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; RTAv, ventral projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: c, h = 0.25 mm; d = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 21. Novalena dentata sp. nov., male pedipalp (SEM): a, c, ventral view; b, prolateral view; d, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; RTAv, ventral projection of RTA; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process.

FIGURE 22. Novalena dentata sp. nov.: a, male pedipalp, ventral view; b, same, retrolateral view; c, epigynum, ventral view; d, internal genitalia, dorsal view; e, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; RTAv, ventral projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: a = 0.5 mm; e = 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 23. Novalena divisadero sp. nov. (SEM), internal female genitalia, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory ducts; FD, fertilization ducts; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae.

FIGURE 24. Novalena spp.: a – c, Novalena divisadero sp. nov.; d – f, Novalena durango sp. nov. a, d, epigynum, ventral view; b, e, internal genitalia, dorsal view; c, f, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; CD, copulatory ducts; CO, copulatory openings; FD, fertilization ducts; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 25. Novalena franckei sp. nov.: a, male pedipalp, ventral view; b, same, retrolateral view; c, epigynum, ventral view; d, internal genitalia, dorsal view; e, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; RTAv, ventral projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: a = 0.5 mm; e = 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 26. Novalena garnica sp. nov.: a, male pedipalp, ventral view; b, same, retrolateral view; c, epigynum, ventral view; d, internal genitalia, dorsal view; e, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CO, copulatory openings; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; RTAv, ventral projection of RTA; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: a = 0.5 mm; e = 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 27. Novalena gibarrai sp. nov.: a, male pedipalp, ventral view; b, same, retrolateral view; c, epigynum, ventral view; d, internal genitalia, dorsal view; e, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: a = 0.5 mm; e = 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 28. Novalena spp., genitalia: a – c, Novalena irazu sp. nov.; d, e, Novalena iviei sp. nov.; f, g, Novalena ixtlan sp. nov. a, epigynum, ventral view; b, internal genitalia, dorsal view; c, epigynum, posterior view; d, f, male pedipalp, ventral view; e, g, same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: c, d = 0.5 mm; f = 1 mm.

FIGURE 30. Novalena spp. genitalia: a – c, Novalena jiquilpan sp. nov.; d – h, Novalena leonensis sp. nov. a, f, epigynum, ventral view; b, g, internal genitalia, dorsal view; c, h, epigynum, posterior view; d, male pedipalp, ventral view; e, same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; CO, copulatory openings; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; RTAv, ventral projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Dashed line indicates distance between anterior and posterior margins. Scale bars: c, h = 0.25 mm; d = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 31. Novalena mexiquensis sp. nov.: a, male pedipalp, ventral view; b, same, retrolateral view; c, epigynum, ventral view; d, internal genitalia, dorsal view; e, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; CO, copulatory openings; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; RTAv, ventral projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 32. Novalena oaxaca sp. nov.: a, male pedipalp, ventral view; b, same, retrolateral view; c, epigynum, ventral view; d, internal genitalia, dorsal view; e, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: a = 0.5 mm; e = 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 33. Novalena spp. genitalia: a – c, Novalena paricutin sp. nov.; d – h, Novalena perote sp. nov. a, f, epigynum, ventral view; b, g, internal genitalia, dorsal view; c, h, epigynum, posterior view; d, male pedipalp, ventral view; e, same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; RTAv, ventral projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: c, d = 0.5 mm; h = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 34. Novalena spp. genitalia: a – c, Novalena plata sp. nov.; d – h, Novalena poncei sp. nov. a, f, epigynum, ventral view; b, g, internal genitalia, dorsal view; c, h, epigynum, posterior view; d, male pedipalp, ventral view; e, same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; CO, copulatory openings; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; H, hoods; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; RTAv, ventral projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: c = 0.3 mm; d = 0.5 mm; h = 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 35. Novalena spp.: a – c, Novalena popoca sp. nov.; d – f, Novalena prieta sp. nov. a, d, epigynum, ventral view; b, e, internal genitalia, dorsal view; c, f, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; CD, copulatory ducts; CO, copulatory openings; FD, fertilization ducts; H, hoods; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 36. Novalena puebla sp. nov. (SEM), internal female genitalia: a, ectal view; b, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD, copulatory ducts; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae.

FIGURE 37. Novalena puebla sp. nov.: a, male pedipalp, ventral view; b, same, retrolateral view; c, epigynum, ventral view; d, internal genitalia, dorsal view; e, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; RTAv, ventral projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: a = 0.5 mm; e = 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 38. Novalena punta sp. nov.: a, male pedipalp, ventral view; b, same, retrolateral view; c, epigynum, ventral view; d, internal genitalia, dorsal view; e, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; RTAv, ventral projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 39. Novalena rothi sp. nov.: a, male pedipalp, ventral view; b, same, retrolateral view; c, epigynum, ventral view; d, internal genitalia, dorsal view; e, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CO, copulatory openings; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; RTAv, ventral projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: a = 0.5 mm; e = 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 40. Novalena spp.: a – c, Novalena saltoensis sp. nov.; d – f, Novalena sinaloa sp. nov. a, d, epigynum, ventral view; b, e, internal genitalia, dorsal view; c, f, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; CD, copulatory ducts; CO, copulatory openings; FD, fertilization ducts; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 42. Novalena tacana sp. nov.: a, male pedipalp, ventral view; b, same, retrolateral view; c, epigynum, ventral view; d, internal genitalia, dorsal view; e, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; e = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 43. Novalena spp., genitalia: a – c, Novalena triunfo sp. nov.; d – h, Novalena valdezi sp. nov. a, f, epigynum, ventral view; b, g, internal genitalia, dorsal view; c, h, epigynum, posterior view; d, male pedipalp, ventral view; e, same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; C, conductor; CD, copulatory ducts; E, embolus; FD, fertilization ducts; MA, median apophysis; RTAd, distal projection of RTA; RTAo, dorsal projection of RTA; RTAv, ventral projection of RTA; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae; T, tegulum; TMP, tegular median process. Scale bars: c = 0.5 mm; d, h = 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 44. Novalena spp.: a – c, Novalena victoria sp. nov.; d – f, Novalena volcanes sp. nov. a, d, epigynum, ventral view; b, e, internal genitalia, dorsal view; c, f, epigynum, posterior view. Abbreviations: A, atrium; CD, copulatory ducts; CO, copulatory openings; FD, fertilization ducts; S, spurs; S 1, primary spermathecae; S 2, secondary spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.