Antispila petryi Martini, 2018

Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Lees, David C., Doorenweerd, Camiel, Koster, Sjaak (J. C.), Bryner, Rudolf, Schreurs, Arnold, Timmermans, Martijn J. T. N. & Sattler, Klaus, 2018, Two European Cornus L. feeding leafmining moths, Antispila petryi Martini, 1899, sp. rev. and A. treitschkiella (Fischer von Roeslerstamm, 1843) (Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae): an unjustified synonymy and overlooked range expansion, Nota Lepidopterologica 41 (1), pp. 39-86 : 48-51

Antispila petryi Martini sp. rev. Figs 1 , 2 , 7 , 10 , 11-15 , 21-23 , 27 , 29 , 31 , 33-35 , 39 , 40 , 43-45 , 49-52 , 55

Antispila petryi Martini, 1899: 398. Syntypes: Germany: 12-14 adults, Thüringen, Sachsenburg, caterpillars 18.viii.-8.ix.1895, Cornus sanguinea , emerged 6-24.vi.1896, 1898, Martini; ditto, caterpillars mid ix.-3.x.1897, no emergence date given (at least seven syntypes in NHMUK via Hofmann collection, examined by DCL).

Antispila petryi ; Spuler and Meess 1910: 471; Martini 1917: 158 (records Thüringen); Hering 1932: 18 (key); Toll 1947: 31 (Poland); Dziurzyński 1952: 1 (monograph , Poland); Bentinck 1951: 331 (corrected id Dutch record); Hering 1957: 325 (leafmine); Gozmány 1965: 47 (footnote, key, Hungary); Hering 1968: 120 (letter to Klimesch of 1952); Szőcs 1973: 452 (Hungary); Maček 1974a: 56 (Slovenia); Maček 1974b: 94 (Slovenia); Emmet 1976: 306 (description, England); Lempke 1976: 14 (Netherlands, checklist); Szőcs 1977: 121 (leafmine key); Kuznetsov 1978: 73 (keys); Szőcs 1979: 46 (Hungary: Börzsöny); Szőcs 1981: 210 (Hungary: Budapest); Szabóky 1982: 8 (Hungary: Bakony); Emmet 1988: 38 (biology); Laštůvka et al. 1993: 36 (Czech Republic: Moravia); Corley et al. 2015: 60 (Portugal, checklist); Corley et al. 2016: 619 (Portugal).

Elachista treitschkeella [Misidentification, Unjustified emendation]; Stainton 1851: 9 (England).

Elachista treitschkiella [Misidentification]; Stainton 1854: 250 (England); Fologne 1860: 109 (Belgium, probably Antispila petryi ).

Antispila treitschkiella [Misidentification]; Healy 1864: 126 (life history); Stainton et al. 1870: 318 (England); Wocke 1874: 88 (Schlesien, now Poland); Heinemann and Wocke [1876]: 515 (description, Germany); Glitz 1877: 40 (Germany: Hannover); Sand 1879: 192 (France); Frey 1880: 405 (Switzerland); Rössler 1881:323 (Germany: Hessen); Meyrick 1895: 684 (England); Buhr 1935: 158 (Germany: Mecklenburg); Doets 1949: 416 (the Netherlands); Lhomme 1963: 1157 (France, partim); Wojtusiak 1976: 12 (partim, key); Razowski 1978: 96 (Poland, partim, Antispila petryi synonymised); Steuer 1984: 102 (Germany: Thüringen); Klimesch 1990: 77 (partim, Austria); Svensson 2007: 44 (Sweden); Bengtsson et al. 2008: 288 (key, description, Sweden); Jürivete 2012: 2 (Estonia).

Material examined.

Total 23♂, 27♀: France (leafmines), Germany (2♂, 1♀, leafmines), Greece (1♂, larvae, leafmines), The Netherlands (14♂, 12♀, larvae, leafmines), Switzerland (5♂, 14♀, larvae, leafmines), United Kingdom (1♂, larvae). Details in Suppl. material 1.

Differential diagnosis. Antispila petryi and A. treitschkiella differ from A. metallella by their smaller size (wingspan 4.8-7.0 mm against 6.8-8.5 mm) and in male by presence of a tuft of yellow androconial scales on forewing underside. A. petryi differs from A. treitschkiella by the usually smaller and more triangular costal spot at 2/3, and A. petryi is on average smaller than A. treitschkiella , but there is some overlap (wingspan 4.8-6.1 against 5.7-7.0 mm). In the male genitalia, the indentations in the uncus are shallower in A. petryi than in A. treitschkiella , the lateral process of the transtilla is straight and widened and the shorter phallus bears two types of spines externally. The horseshoe-shaped sclerotized anellus is characteristic for A. petryi , an anellus is undeveloped in A. treitschkiella . Separation by female genitalia not reliable.

Larva easily separated from A. metallella by presence of a row of dorsal black dots, in contrast to A. treitschkiella , a total of nine dots, including the mesothorax, but some of these may be poorly melanised, making this character not always useable; abdominal segment 8 with a single row of five black warts. Leafmines in principle not separable without larva or when hostplant species is not known.

Description.

Male (Figs 1 , 49 , 50 ). Head, face and vertex covered with appressed lead-grey scales. Antenna fuscous, clearly ringed, particularly near tip. Thorax dark fuscous, concolorous with forewings. Legs grey, tarsi ringed white at tip, spurs and undersides paler. Forewing dark fuscous to almost black with silver-golden patterning; an outwardly oblique fascia at ca 1/3, narrowing in middle, sometimes broken, dorsal edge slightly wider than costal; dorsal spot slightly beyond middle of posterior margin, triangular, reaching hardly to middle of wing, a similar triangular costal spot at 2/3, slightly longer than wide; fringe line distinct. Terminal fringe paler. Hindwing rather dark grey. Underside of wings fuscous, close to base a yellow to orange tuft of androconial scales. Abdomen lead-coloured, including vestiture on external genitalia.

Female (Fig. 2 ). Similar to male, androconial scales absent. Abdomen with slightly protruding ovipositor.

Measurements, male: forewing length 2.3-2.9 mm (2.7 ± 0.2, 12), wingspan 4.8-6.1 mm, 19-20 antennal segments (n=8); female: forewing length 2.3-3.0 mm (2.7 ± 0.2, 7), wingspan 4.8-6.1 mm, 19-20 antennal segments (n=3). For costal spot see Table 2 .

Male genitalia (Figs 11-15 , 27 , 29 ). Uncus with two shallow setose lateral lobes and a more prominent central lobe, however, not reaching beyond a line between the lateral lobes; shallowly indented between lobes. Vinculum 335-350 μm long, anteriorly almost truncate. Valva length 230-255 μm, basally broad, more or less triangular, narrowing towards digitate tip; pecten on pedicel, with 15-16 comb teeth (Fig. 15 ); anellus a strongly sclerotised horseshoe-shaped band between valvae (this structure was termed juxta by Kuroko 1961 in Cornus feeding species); transtilla plate-like, deeply indented anteriorly, sublateral processes distinct and widened at tips. Juxta anteriorly spade-shaped, about half as long as phallus. Phallus 375-385 μm long, phallotheca with groups of many scaly spines an less larger pointed spines; clearly two types of spines.

Female genitalia (Figs 21-23 , 31 ). Anterior apophyses 950-985 μm, posterior apophyses 1025-1085 μm (n=4). Oviscapt with two large lateral cusps and two smaller ones more distally, tip shallowly indented. Sternum 8 indented in middle. Internal genitalia not examined in detail, no sclerotisations visible.

Larva (33-35, 39, 40). Pale grey translucent, head capsule brown, prothorax with large black tergum and sternum. In instar IV, the final feeding instar, mesothorax, metathorax and abdominal segments 1 to 7 dorsally each with a central black spot, with fuzzy outline, more or less rhomboid, spots becoming smaller from segment 5 to 7; ventrally up to 5 spots on metathorax and segments 1 to 4. Abdominal segment 8 dorsally with a swollen hump, at the anal end lined with a single row of 5 black warts. Anal segment black. More details on earlier instars are given by Dziurzyński (1952). The fifth instar is a non-feeding prepupal instar that is reached after one moult inside the case.

Biology.

Hostplants. Cornus sanguinea , both subsp. Cornus sanguinea australis and Cornus sanguinea sanguinea , and incidentally on cultivated C. alba (Wocke cited in Martini 1899 and see under Living collections). Martini (1899) reported also C. mas as a rare host, but did that on venational characters of moths alone, which are unreliable; we thus consider these records for now as unlikely to be correct.

Leafmines (Figs 43-45 , 55 ). The egg is inserted on the leaf underside, often on leaf margin (65% of 54 mines), or less frequent away from the margin; the oviposition site is recognisable as a reddish dot (the vesicula incubatoria of Dziurzyński). The mine starts with a narrow gallery, almost straight along the leaf margin when the egg was laid there, or much contorted in other cases; it is usually filled with frass, but the width of the frass line is variable. Later mine expanding into a large full depth blotch, in some cases completely absorbing the earlier gallery; frass often in a clump near the origin of the mine and also scattered around. The larva prepares an oval cut-out of ca 4-5 mm length, usually at the other edge of the mine, lined with silk, and drops to the ground in this case. The larvae feed with ventral side up, but they start turning around in the blotch when preparing the cut-out. The gallery part of the mine is prepared during the first two instars, the blotch during instar 3 and 4.

Life history. Univoltine. Larvae usually from late August until October, in Greece still active in early November, few records from early August. Adults emerge in captivity from April to June, the few specimens collected as adults being found from June to early August. We assume they are mostly active during the day, rarely collected at light, but found in malaise traps.

Distribution.

Widespread in Europe, local in southern England, in the Netherlands and Belgium local in hilly limestone areas in the South and East. Throughout central and southern Europe, but not known in detail, due to confusion with A. treitschkiella , but correct records (on the basis of examined adults, larvae or hostplant data) exist from Germany, Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic (Z. Laštůvka, pers. comm.), Austria (as A. treitschkiella : Klimesch 1990), Switzerland, France, Portugal ( Corley 2015), Italy, Slovenia and Greece. Recently recorded (as A. treitschkiella ) from the island Öland in Sweden since 2006 ( Svensson 2007) and the island Saaremaa in Estonia since 2010 ( Jürivete 2012).

The natural distribution of C. sanguinea comprises most of Europe, in the north including the whole of the British Isles, southern coastal areas of Norway and Sweden (south of Stockholm), a northern limit in Estonia and in Russia below a line from the Latvian/Estonian border to Moscow, in southern Europe including northern parts of the Iberian peninsula, all of Italy, Corsica, Sardinia, and all of the Balkans except the Greek islands; local in northern Turkey, and widespread in the Caucasus region, reaching Iran ( Popescu et al. 2016).

Remarks.

This species was described from an unspecified number of specimens reared by Martini from mines on C. sanguinea , collected as caterpillars in 1895 and 1897 in Sachsenburg (not far from Sömmerda) and with adults reared in 1896 and 1898. Martini also mentioned the species from Regensburg, Bavaria, and Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland), but he probably did not study these himself, and relied on information received from respectively Hofmann and Wocke. Issue no 10-12 (Heft IV), pages 333-429 of volume 59 of the Stettiner Entomologische Zeitschrift was published in June 1899 (see page 429: http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8946769). This would have allowed Martini to include the reared adults from 1898, although he did not give emergence dates for these.

Martini’s study is very thorough, comparing A. petryi with A. treitschkiella and A. metallella (" pfeifferella "), including the biology and mines. Martini’s collection of Palaearctic Microlepidoptera was presented to the primary school ( “Volksschule”) in Sömmerda, his place of residence in the German federal state of Thüringen, and is no longer traceable ( Horn et al. 1990: 253). There is a series of seven potential syntypes of A. petryi in the Hofmann collection in London, cited in Suppl. material 1, from which a lectotype could be selected, if found necessary. For now we consider the identity of A. petryi sufficiently settled and refrain from lectotypification.

Wojtusiak (1976), in his keys to Polish species, lumped the C. mas and C. sanguinea feeders under A. treitschkiella , but he did not propose a formal synonymy, nor did he mention the names A. petryi or A. stachjanella at all. The synonymy of A. petryi with A. treitschkiella was formalized by Razowski (1978). The translation of his argumentation in Polish [the paragraph on page 97 starting with: "Uwagi. Gatunek ten …..”] for this synonymy reads roughly (edited from Google translation, kindly checked by Lukasz Przybyłowicz):

Note. This species was known under the three names listed under the synonymy [viz. treitschkiella, petryi and stachjanella]. Dziurzyński (1948, 1952) gave some differences between A. treitschkiella (F. R.) and A. petryi Mart. and described in addition a new species. The extensive material examined by Dr. J. Wojtusiak allowed to conclude that these differences are unstable and fall within the limits of intraspecific variation.

The male genitalia figured by Wojtusiak and reproduced by Razowski resemble more A. petryi than A. treitschkiella , but some important characters are not illustrated (transtilla, anellus). Also in the drawings in Bengtsson et al. (2008) the anellus is not figured.

Figures

Figures 1 - 6. Antispila, adult habitus, all from Switzerland. 1 A. petryi, male, Mont Vully, Sugiez, e. l. 08. v. 2016 2 A. petryi, female, Mont Vully, Sugiez, e. l. 30. iv. 2016 3 A. treitschkiella, male, Gampelen, e. l. 17. iv. 2016 4 A. treitschkiella, female, Le Landeron, e. l. 17. iv. 2016 5 A. metallella, male, Muntelier, 30. iv. 1990 6 A. metallella, female, Cudrefin, e. l. 18. iii. 2015. All to same scale, scale line 10 mm. Photos: Rudolf Bryner.

Figures 7 - 8. Antispila, male forewing underside with tuft of yellow androconial scales, Switzerland. 7 A. petryi, Mont Vully, Sugiez, e. l. 14. v. 2016 8 A. treitschkiella, Le Landeron, e. l. 22. iii. 2007. Photos Rudolf Bryner.

Figures 9 - 10. Antispila, male venation. 9 A. treitschkiella with veins indicated, slide EvN 4257. 10 A. petryi, slide EvN 5012, the arrow indicates the curved M. Scales 0.5 mm. Photos Erik van Nieukerken.

Figures 11 - 15. Antispila petryi, male genitalia, slides JCK 8056, JCK 8055 (15 only). Scales 100 μm (11 - 12), 50 μm (13 - 15). Arrow indicates anellus. Photos Erik van Nieukerken.

Figures 21 - 26. Antispila species, female genitalia. 21 - 23 A. petryi, slide JCK 8054 24 - 26 A. treitschkiella, slide EvN 5014. Scales 200 μm (21, 23), 100 μm (22 - 23), 50 μm (25, 26 on same scale). Photos Erik van Nieukerken.

Figures 27 - 32. Antispila petryi (27, 29, 31) and A. treitschkiella (28, 30, 32), comparative details of male and female genitalia. 27, 28 Uncus, slides JCK 8056, JCK 7888 29, 30 Phallus, phallotheca and juxta, slides JCK 8056, JCK 8059 31, 32 Tip of oviscapt, slides D 1258, D 1257 (D = Doets). Drawings Sjaak Koster.

Figures 33 - 38. Antispila species, details of larvae in microscopic slides, stained with phenosafranin, Switzerland. 33 - 35 A. petryi, Le Landeron, RMNH. INS. 30614 and Mont Vully, RMNH. INS. 30615 (34) 36 - 38 A. treitschkiella, Le Landeron, RMNH. INS. 30611 and Gampelen, RMNH. INS. 30613 (38). Scales 1 mm (larvae), 200 μm (heads), 100 μm (abdominal tips). Photos Erik van Nieukerken.

Figures 39 - 42. Antispila species, details of live larvae, Switzerland, all on 8. x. 2015. 39 - 40 A. petryi, Le Landeron 41 - 42 A. treitschkiella, Le Landeron and Vully resp. Photos Rudolf Bryner.

Figures 43 - 48. Antispila species, leafmines and larvae. 43 - 45 A. petryi, Switzerland, Vully, 8. x. 2015 46 - 48 A. treitschkiella, Switzerland, Gampelen, 8. x. 2015 (46) and Netherlands, Leiden, 26. ix. 2017. Scales 5 mm. Photos Rudolf Bryner and Erik van Nieukerken (47, 48).

Figures 49 - 54. Antispila species, live adults and pupae, Switzerland. 49 - 52 A. petryi, Vully, male on 21. iv. 2016, pupa on 21. ii. 2016 53 - 54 A. treitschkiella, Le Landeron, female, 22. iii. 2007, pupa 17. iv. 2016. Photos Rudolf Bryner.

Figures 55 - 56. Antispila species, leaves of Cornus with vacated leafmines, dry collection RMNH. 55 C. sanguinea with A. petryi, RMNH. INS. 41141, Netherlands, Limburg, Geulhem, 26. viii. 1949, C. Doets 56 C. mas with A. treitschkiella, RMNH. INS. 40829, Netherlands, Zuid-Holland, Leiden, 17. x. 2004, E. J. van Nieukerken. Photos Erik van Nieukerken.