Erythroxylum cuneifolium var. silvaticum Schulz (1907: 122) Plowman & Hensold (2004: 15) Erythroxylum cuneifolium var. squarrosum Schulz (1907: 122) Erythroxylum gonocladum Martius (1840: 343) Schulz (1907: 122) Erythroxylum cyclophyllum Schulz (1907: 93) Erythroxylum trollii Schulz (1933: 723) A new name and nomenclatural adjustments in Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) Costa-Lima, James Lucas Da Amorim, André M. Phytotaxa 2017 2017-05-05 306 1 66 74   1.  Erythroxylum cuneifolium Martius (1840: 343) Schulz (1907: 121).  Erythroxylum microphyllumvar. cuneifolium  Martius (1840: 343). Type: — BRAZIL. São Paulo: “ Habitat inter dumeta”, s.d., C.F.P. von Martius s.n.( lectotype: M [barcode M0243606] pro parte! = F negative nº 19453, fragment on the right side of sheet, designated here). Figure 1.    =   Erythroxylum cuneifoliumvar. silvaticum Schulz (1907: 122). Type: — ARGENTINA. Salta: [= San Ramón de la Nueva Orán], en los alrededores de la ciudad de Oran, 16 October 1873, P.G. Lorentz & G.H.E.W. Hieronymus 480( lectotype, designated by  Plowman & Hensold (2004: 15): K [barcode K000424386]! = F negative nº 55588; isolectotype: CORD [barcode CORD00003015]!).   =   Erythroxylum cuneifoliumvar. squarrosum Schulz (1907: 122). Type: — BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: Porto Alegre, Morro da Policia, “ in saxasis afuieis, ventosis”, 24 November 1901, G.O.A. Malme 545 inIt. Regnell. II( lectotype: S 16-40110!, designated here; isolectotype: S 16-40117!). Excluded syntype: BRAZIL. São Paulo: “ Prope urbem Faxina, ca.  650 m.s.m.”, August 1901, R. von Wettstein & V. Schiffner s.n.(WU!) =   Erythroxylum gonocladum Martius (1840: 343) Schulz (1907: 122).   =   Erythroxylum cyclophyllum Schulz (1907: 93). Type: — BRAZIL. São Paulo: [about  1 m.NW by N from the Tanque de Zunica as far as the Caveira Santa, in the level dry shrubby campos, 03 February 1827], W.J. Burchell 4117( holotype: K [barcode K000426844]! = F negative nº 55587), syn. nov.   =   Erythroxylum trollii  Schulz (1933: 723). Type: — BOLIVIA. Chuquisaca: Montecantopr. Monteagudoa Padilla, Gebüsche des Waldrandes,  2600 m,  24 November 1927, C. Troll 617( holotype: B, destroyed; lectotype: B [barcode B100242767]!, designated here; isotypes: JE [barcode JE00001051]!, M! = F negative nº 57577).   Distribution and habitat:—Widely distributed in southern South America, with records from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil( Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso[= Mato Grosso do Sul], Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and São Paulo), and Paraguay. Due to its broad distribution, this species can be found in different vegetation types, such as seasonal forest, riparian forest, ecotone forest/grassland vegetation, and rocky outcrops.   Comments:— Plowman & Hensold (2004)cite Martius s.n.(at M) and Sellow s.n.(at G and P) as syntypesof  Erythroxylum microphyllumvar. cuneifoium. However, there was a misunderstanding by these authors because Sellow s.n.is not the original material used by Martius (1840). The only analyzed material at P that could be what Plowman & Hensold (2004)refer to is  E. microphyllum Saint-Hilaire (1829: 100)(P, barcode P05482963!). Thus, we believe that the material at the Munich herbarium was the only original material used by Martius. This material is pro partebecause the same voucher specimen is mixed with two fragments annotated by O.E. Schulz as  E. amplifoliumvar. myrtilloides(M [barcode M0243605] = F negatives numbers 19452 and 57597). Therefore, we select as the lectotypethe fragment on the right side of the sheet ( Fig. 1) (see McNeill et al.2012, Art. 9.14).   Erythroxylum cuneifoliumvar. silvaticumwas synonymized by Amaral Jr. (1980) under  E. cuneifolium. Although this author did not see the types, this decision was accepted after analyzing the syntypesand lectotypedesignated by Plowman & Hensold (2004). Also without seeing the types, Mendonça et al.(1998)synonymized  E. cuneifoliumvar. squarrosumunder  E. cuneifoliumand Plowman & Hensold (2004)agreed with this synonymization without locating the original material used by Schulz (1907). Sobral (1987)suggests that  E. cuneifoliumvar. squarrosumis a possible synonym of  E. microphyllumbased on O.E. Schulz’s short diagnosis and the location of one of the syntypes. The two syntypesof  E. cuneifoliumvar. squarrosumwere found here: Malme 545 inIt. Regnell. IIat S and Wettstein & Schiffner s.n.at WU. In accordance with Art. 9.2 of the ICN ( McNeill et al.2012), the first specimen is here designated as the lectotypeand the second is considered an excluded syntypebecause it corresponds to  E. gonocladum.   Erythroxylum cyclophyllumwas described based only on one piece of W.J. Burchell’s vegetative material at K, which is from São Paulo; more specific locality information was obtained from Smith & Smith (1967). Schulz (1907)indicates that this species is related to  E. nummulariaPeyritsch (1978: 133), which is exclusive to rocky outcrops and seasonal forest in the surrounding area in northeastern Brazil( Loiola & Costa-Lima 2015), and Plowman & Hensold (2004)indicate the possibility that these species are synonyms. The material used by Schulz (1907)to describe this species has leaves in development, which are smaller, suborbicular, and resemble to typesof  E. microphyllumvar. amplifoliumf. myrtilloides .Considering that this is a common variation, we synonymize here  E. cyclophyllumunder  E. cuneifolium.   FIGURE 1.  Erythroxylum cuneifolium(Mart.) O.E.Schulz.Lectotype of  Erythroxylum microphyllumvar. cuneifoliumMart., fragment on right side of the sheet.—Photographs courtesy of and reproduced with permission from the Botanische Staatssammlung München (M).  Plowman & Hensold (2004)synonymized  Erythroxylum trolliiunder  E. cuneifolium, which we agree with based on an analysis of the types. These authors mention that the holotypeat B was destroyed, making it necessary to choose the only known isotype(at M) as the lectotype, in accordance with Art. 9.2 of the ICN ( McNeill et al.2012). Among the 100 types( holotypesand syntypes) of  Erythroxylumat B that Plowman & Hensold (2004)considered destroyed, this was the only one confirmed by us as being at B now. For this reason, for the fact of not having O.E. Schulz’s annotations on the voucher specimen found at B, and because the label does not contain the complete information of the protologue, such as its duplicate at M, we consider it a duplicate and select here this specimen as the lectotype. Unfortunately, the material cannot be compared because there is no negative of the type of  E. trolliiat the Field Museum. Furthermore, another additional isotypeat JE was found.  Selected specimens examined:—  ARGENTINA.  Corrientes: Depto. Ituzaingó, Isla Apipé, Pto. San Antonio,  19 November 1976(fr),  A. Schinini13807( F);   Santiago Del Estero: Depto. Copo, 13 Km SW de Los Tigres,  07 December 1979(fl),  A. Schinini19491( F).  BOLIVIA.  Santa Cruz: Prov. Florida, vicinity of Achira Camping Resort, 7 Km(by air)  NEof Samaipata, 18º09’S, 63º49’’ W,  1330 m,  03 November 1999(fl),  M. Nee50449( F, NY);   Tarija: Prov. Aniceto Arce, Reserva Nacional de Floray Fauna Tariquía, 21º48’S, 64º14’W,  1500 m,  26 November 1998(fl),  N. Paniagua Z. & K. Rodriguez1443( F).  BRAZIL.  Espírito Santo:[Mun. Alfredo Chaves], Engenheiro Reeve,  30 February 1903(st),  A. Robertos.n.( K);   Goiás: Mun. Caiapônia, arredores,  19 November 1975(fl),  G. Hatschbach37705( F, MBM, UEC);   Mato Grosso do Sul: Mun. Porto Murtinho, 20 Km  Ede Porto Murtinho,  23 October 1980(fl),  J. M. Pires& P. P. Furtado17282( F);   Minas Gerais: Mun. Barroso, Boa Vista, antiga estrada para Barbacena, após a mata do Baú, 21º12’29.6’’S, 43º54’55.6’’W,  972 m,  17 October 2006(fl),  R. Marqueteet al. 3936( NY, RB);   Paraná:[Mun. Serranópolis do Iguaçu], Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, wet creek valley in rain forest, ca. 10 Km SE of Jardinópolis,  26 November 1966(fl),  J. C. Lindeman& J. H. Haas3417( F, MBM, NY, RB, UB);   Rio de Janeiro: Mun. Petrópolis, Fazenda Boa Esperança, Área de Preservação Ambiental da Região Serrana de Petrópolis, 22º24’27’’S, 43º14’4’’W,  18 November 2009(fl),  R. A. X. Borgeset al. 971a( RB);   Rio Grande do Sul: Mun. Morrinhos do Sul, Morro Azul,  October 1996(fl),  M. Sobral& J. A. Jarenkow8167( FURB, ICN);   Santa Catarina: Mun. Itapiranga, forest above Rio Uruguai, Barra Macaco Branco, ca. 27º19’S, 53º46’’ W,  150–250 m,  11–12 November 1964(fl),  L. B. Smith& R. M. Klein13179( F, FLOR, MO, NY);   São Paulo: Mun. Caieiras,  22 October 1945(fl),  W. Hoehne1904( F, NY, RB, SPF, SPSF).  PARAGUAY.  Cordillera: Mun. Caacupe, Barrio Alegre,  14 February 1987(fr),  E. Bordas4239( F);   Presidente Hayes: Trans-Chacohighway  Wof Assuncion, ca. Km100,  30 October 1985(fl),  A. Gentryet al. 52022( F, MO). 2.  Erythroxylum pachyneurum Schulz (1909: 352). Type: — PARAGUAY. Caaguazú: “ in campis in regione fluminis Yhú”, November 1905, E. Hassler 9623( lectotype, designated by Plowman & Hensold (2004: 36): G [2 sheets = single barcode G00381634 = F negatives nº 60925 and 60925]!; isolectotypes: A [barcode A00043878]!, B, destroyed, BM [barcode BM000546085]!, G [4 sheets = barcodes G00307784, G00381633 = F negative nº 52268, G00381635]!, K [barcode K000407462]!, MO [barcode MO-251212]!, MPU [barcode MPU010821]!, NY [barcode NY00399916]!, P [2 sheets = barcodes P00634394, and P00753849]!, S, W!). =  Erythroxylum hasslerianumf. ellipticumChodat & Hasssler (1904: 1288)(as “ elliptica”). Type: — PARAGUAY. “ In campo San Blas  (Yeruti)”,   December 1898–1899,  E. Hassler 5773( holotype: G[2 sheets = single barcode G00381632= Fnegative nº 49606]!;  isotypes: F [barcode F0055720F]! = F negative nº 59670, G [2 sheets = barcodes G00381636, and G00381637]!, NY [barcode NY00399917]! = F negative nº 57821), syn. nov.   Distribution and habitat:—  Erythroxylum pachyneurumwas originally known from only two syntypescollected in grasslands of central Paraguay, but has more recently been recorded from Brazil, in the state of Minas Gerais, where it also occurs in grassland vegetation.   Comments:— Chodat & Hassler (1904)proposed two new forms for  Erythroxylum hasslerianum Chodat (1898: 15):  E. hasslerianumf. angustifolium Chodat & Hassler (1904: 1288)(as “ angustifolia”) and  E. hasslerianumf. ellipticum(as “ elliptica”) Chodat & Hassler (1904: 1288). Loiola et al.(2015) synonymized  E. hasslerianumand  E. hasslerianumf. angustifoliumunder  E. deciduum Saint-Hilaire (1824: t. 69), which was accepted by us after analysis of the type collections of these names.  Erythroxylum hasslerianumf. ellipticumdiffers greatly from  E. deciduumby the non-striated or slightly longitudinally striated stipules with 1–3 nerves per side ( vs. markedly longitudinally striated with 6–8 nerves per side), angled branches ( vs. cylindrical or compressed) and leaf blades with prominent veins on the both surfaces ( vs. poorly evident), and is a distinct species from  E. deciduum.  Erythroxylum hasslerianumf. ellipticumwas formally described by Schulz (1909)as  E. pachyneurum, which was based on two syntypesfrom Paraguaycollected by E. Hassler. One of these is the holotypeof  E. hasslerianumf. ellipticum, as noted by Plowman & Hensold (2004). There is no doubt that the two are the same species, therefore  E. hasslerianumf. ellipticumis here formally synonymized under  E. pachyneurum.  Selected specimens examined:— BRAZIL.  Minas Gerais:Mun. São Roque de Minas, ca. de 1 Km da cidade em direção à Serra da Canastra, 12 January 1994(fr), A.M. Giulietti et al. CFCR 13546(ESA, HUEFS). PARAGUAY. “ In campo San Blas (Yeruti)”, December 1898–1899 (fl), E. Hassler 5773( holotypeof  E. hasslerianumf. ellipticum: G, isotypes: F, NY).  3.  Erythroxylum patentissimum Schulz (1907: 119). Type: — PARAGUAY. Concepción: “ Prope Concepcionin arenosis salsis”,  October 1902,  E. Hassler7602( lectotype: G[barcode G00381638]! = Fnegative nº 41093!, designated here; isolectotypes: A[barcode A00043881]!, B, destroyed = Fnegative nº 12639 [barcode F0 BN012639]!, F[barcode F0055733 F]! = Fnegative nº 55477, FH, G[3 sheets = barcodes G00381639, G00381640, and G00381641]!, K[barcode K000407474]!, MO[barcode MO-251211]!, MPU[barcode MPU020949]!, NY[barcode NY00399912]!, P[2 sheets = barcodes P00723962, and P00723963]!, W!).   Distribution and habitat:—  Erythroxylum patentissimumis known from a few herbarium specimens, beyond the syntypesmentioned, from Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, Paraguay, and a new record from Bolivia. This species occurs in the Chaco region in sandy soils near streams or in open forest.   Comments:—The type of  Erythroxylum patentissimumwas based on two collections, Malme s.n., at S, and Hassler 7602, widely distributed in herbaria in Europe and the United States. In accordance with Art. 9.2 of the ICN ( McNeill et al.2012), a lectotypemay be designated for this name. Plowman & Hensold (2004)suggested selecting material collected by E. Hassler as the lectotype. Therefore, we choose an E. Hassler specimen at G, where a lot of E. Hassler collections are deposited.  Selected specimens examined:—  BOLIVIA.  Santa Cruz: Prov. Cordillera, Bañados del Izozog, Cachari, Acararenda,  11 March 1991(st),  G. Navarro& I. Vargas289( MO);  Curuyuqui, trail along Río Parapetíca. 8 kmSW airstrip, 18º50’S, 62º20’W,  350 m,  27 October 1991(fl),  A. Gentry& R. Foster75319( MO).  BRAZIL.  Mato Grosso[= Mato Grosso do Sul]:Mun. Porto Murtinho, 30 Kma leste de Porto Murtinho,  14 November 1977(fl),  J. S. Costa160( F, RB).  PARAGUAY.  Concepción: Prope Concepcion, s.d., E. Hassler12005( LE). [372,571,972,993] 1927-11-24 C, B, JE, M, F Bolivia Type 2600 Monteagudo Montecanto 1 67 B100242767, JE00001051 3 Chuquisaca holotype 1976-11-19 A, F Schinini Argentina Depto. Ituzaingo Pto. San Antonio Isla Apipe 3 69 1 Corrientes 1979-12-07 A, F Schinini Argentina Km Depto. Copo 3 69 1 Santiago del Estero 1999-11-03 NE, W, M, F, NY Nee Bolivia Prov. Florida 1330 -18.15 Km Achira Camping Resort 3 69 1 Santa Cruz 1998-11-26 N, Z, K, F Rodriguez Bolivia Prov. Aniceto Arce 1500 -21.8 Fauna Tariquia 1262 -64.23333 Reserva Nacional de Flora 3 69 1 Tarija 1903-02-30 A, K Roberto Brazil Engenheiro Reeve 3 69 1 Espirito Santo 1975-11-19 G, F, MBM, UEC Brazil Hatschbach Mun. Caiaponia 3 69 1 Goias 1980-10-23 E, J, M, P, F Furtado Brazil Mun. Porto Murtinho Pires Km 3 69 1 Mato Grosso do Sul 2006-10-17 R, NY, RB Marquete Brazil Mun. Barroso 972 -21.208223 Barbacena 1 -43.915447 Boa Vista 3 69 1 Minas Gerais 1966-11-26 J, C, H, F, MBM, NY, RB, UB Brazil Parque Nacional do Iguacu Lindeman Km 3 69 1 Parana 2009-11-18 R, A, RB X. Borges Brazil Mun. Petropolis -22.4075 Area de Preservacao Ambiental da Regiao Serrana de Petropolis 21 -43.234444 Fazenda Boa Esperanca 3 69 1 Rio de Janeiro 1996-10 M, J, A, FURB, ICN Jarenkow Brazil Mun. Morrinhos do Sul Sobral Morro Azul 3 69 1 Rio Grande do Sul 1964-11-11 1964-11-12 1964-11-11 W, L, B, R, M, F, FLOR, MO, NY Klein Brazil Mun. Itapiranga 200 -27.316668 Barra Macaco Branco Rio Uruguai 3 69 1 Santa Catarina 1945-10-22 W, F, NY, RB, SPF, SPSF Brazil Hoehne Mun. Caieiras 3 69 1 Sao Paulo 1987-02-14 E, F Bordas Paraguay Barrio Alegre Mun. Caacupe 3 69 1 Cordillera 1985-10-30 W, A, F, MO Paraguay Trans-Chaco Gentry Km 3 69 1 Presidente Hayes [287,1451,1494,1515] 1898-12 E, G, F 3 69 G00381632 1 holotype 1902-10 E, G, F, A, B, FH, K, MO, MPU, NY, P, W Paraguay Hassler Type 4 70 G00381638, A00043881, BN012639, F0055733, G00381639, G00381640, G00381641, K000407474, MPU020949, NY00399912, P00723962, P00723963 2 Concepcion lectotype 1991-03-11 G, I, MO Navarro & Vargas Bolivia Prov. Cordillera Cachari Banados del Izozog 4 70 1 Santa Cruz 1991-10-27 A, R, MO Gentry & Foster Bolivia 350 -18.833334 Rio Parapeti 1273 -62.333332 Curuyuqui 4 70 1 Santa Cruz 1977-11-14 J, S, F, RB Costa Brazil Porto Murtinho Porto Murtinho Km 4 70 1 Mato Grosso [282,1131,1096,1121] E, LE Hassler Paraguay Prope Concepcion 4 70 1 Concepcion