Tylophoron protrudens Nyl.

Ertz, Damien, Flakus, Adam, Oset, Magdalena, Sipman, Harrie J. M. & Kukwa, Martin, 2015, A first assessment of lichenized Arthoniales in Bolivia with descriptions of two new species, Phytotaxa 217 (1), pp. 1-25 : 20

Tylophoron protrudens Nyl.

This widespread species has been reported e.g. from Australia, Bolivia (one record only), Borneo, Brazil, Costa Rica, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guyana, Hawaii, Mexico, Oceania, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela ( López-Figueiras 1986; Tibell 1981, 1996; Aptroot et al. 1997, 2008; Elix & McCarthy 1998; Sipman & Wolf 1998; Flakus 2008; Sipman et al. 2008; Ertz et al. 2011; Lendemer & Harris 2014; McCarthy 2014). In the studied material we came across some sterile samples containing lichexanthone, but lacking lecanoric acid, and developing poorly delimited felt of dark brown sporodochia. They are most similar to T. protrudens as it is the only lichexanthone containing species with this type of sporodochia ( Tibell 1996; Ertz et al. 2011). However, the absence of lecanoric acid is unusual and for the time being we assign these specimens to T. protrudens .

Specimens examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. Beni: Prov. Itenez, Puerto Feliz by Río Blanco, 13°09’23”S, 63°43’24”W, 137 m, lowland Amazon forest , 16 August 2008, AF 12122 & PR (KRAM, LPB; conidial states). Dept. La Paz : Prov. Franz Tamayo, near Yuyo village , 15°07’05”S, 68°20’22”W, 1150 m, Preandean Amazon forest , 16 May 2011, AF 20720 & OP (KRAM, LPB; ascosporic states). Dept. Santa Cruz: Prov. Cordillera, near Peto Blanco, 18º48’25”S, 60º14’54”W, 330 m, transition Chiquitano-Chaqueño forest , 6 December 2011, MK 10701 (LPB, UGDA; ascosporic states) .

Sterile specimens with UV+ orange and C-negative thalli examined (all corticolous). BOLIVIA. Dept. La Paz: Prov. Franz Tamayo, between Apolo and Mapiris, 13 km from Apolo , 14°50’51”S, 68°21’38”W, 1490 m, savannah with scattered trees, shrubs, along the streams, 23 November 2011, MK 10272 (LPB) ; Prov. Nor Yungas, Coroico, near Sol y Luna hotel, 1870 m, 16°11’56”S, 67°43’26”W, gardens with trees, 13 December 2011, MK 10782 (LPB, UGDA). Dept. Tarija: Prov. Burnet O’Connor, 26 km from Entre Ríos , near Soledad, 21°39’52”S, 64°07’22”W, 1700 m, Tucumano-Boliviano montano forest, 11 August 2012, MK 11340 (LPB, UGDA) ; Lomas de la Soledad, road between Entre Ríos and Chiquiacá, 21°39’38”S, 64°07’31”W, 1670 m, Tucumano-Boliviano altimontano forest, 10 August 2012, MK 11266 (LPB, UGDA) .