Chlaenius (Sphodromimus) flavofemoratus Laporte, 1834

Qin, Yuyao, Germann, Christoph & Liang, Hongbin, 2022, Key to the Chinese species of the subgenus Sphodromimus Casale, 1984 (Carabidae, Chlaeniini, Chlaenius) with descriptions of two new species, ZooKeys 1135, pp. 61-91 : 61

Chlaenius (Sphodromimus) flavofemoratus Laporte, 1834

Figs 7A-C , 14 , 22 , 30A-E , 38A-C , 40

Chlaenius flavofemoratus Laporte, 1834: 81; Chaudoir 1856: 244 (synonymized with Chlaenius femoratus Dejean, 1826); Chaudoir 1876: 93 (mention); Andrewes 1941: 308 (key to species; distinguished from Chlaenius femoratus Dejean, 1826); Andrewes 1947: 6 (Burma, Indo-China, The Malay Island, Hong Kong); Mandl 1992: 99 ( Macrochlaenites ; Java, Burma); Lorenz 1998: 318 (catalogue); Lorenz 2005: 338 (catalogue); Kirschenhofer 2017: 491 (catalogue); Azadbakhsh and Kirschenhofer 2019: 1 (transferred to subgenus Chlaenius Sphodromimus from subgenus Chlaenius Haplochlaenius )

Crepidodera flavofemoratus Crepidodera nigricoxis Motschulsky, 1865: 339 (type locality: Hong Kong); Chaudoir 1876: 94 (redescription); Bates 1892: 312 ( Bhamò, Palon, Karin Chebà, Laos, Java); Mandl 1992: 99 (synonymized with C. flavofemoratus Laporte,1834); Lorenz 1998: 318 (catalogue); Lorenz 2005: 338 (catalogue). Synonym.

Type locality.

Indonesia, Java.

Material examined.

Total 83 specimens. China - Fujian : 1 ♀ (IZAS), Fujian, Nanping , 1985.VI.7 ; 1 ♀ (IZAS), Fujian, Nanjing , 1991.V.15; Guangdong : 3 ♂♂ (IZAS), Guangdong, Haifeng, Jimingsi , 23.037605°N, 115.25343°E, 178.09m / 2017.V.22, Y.Z. Liu, S.P. Yu leg. , Inst. of Zoology ; Guangxi : 1 ♂ (IZAS), Guangxi, Longsheng, Liluo , 1985. IV Jun Li leg. ; 1 ♂ (IZAS), Guangxi, Guilin, Longsheng , 2003.VII.7 Jianxin Cui leg. ; 1 ♀ (IZAS), Guangxi, Nanning , 1980.IV.21, Rongquan Cai leg. ; 1 ♂ (IZAS), Guangxi, Jingxi , 840 m, 1998.IV.1 Chunsheng Wu leg. ; Guizhou : 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ (IZAS), Guizhou, Luodian , 420 m, 1979.IV.16, Qingqiang Li leg. ; 1 ♀ (IZAS), Guizhou, Luodian , 1979.V.1; Hainan : 1 ♂ (IZAS), Hainan, Baisha, Yinggeling , 2011.V. 1, 600 m, light trap, Wenxin Lin leg. , Inst. of Zoology ; Yunnan : 4 ♂♂ and 1 ♀ (IZAS), Yunnan, Jinghong, Virgin Forest Park, Peacock Villa , 22.0304°N, 100.8763°E, 682 m / 2021.VIII.6 N, along road Pingzhou Zhu leg. , Inst. of Zoology ; 1 ♂ (IZAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna , Botanical Garden, Chao Wu leg. ; 1 ♀ (IZAS), Yunnan, Hekou, Qiaotou , Bajiaotian village / 22.85348°N, 104.14211°E, 886 m, 2021.IV.21 N, Y. Xu, Z.Q. Yan coll. , Inst. of Zoology ; 1 ♂ (CAS), China, Yunnan Province, Tengchong , Shangying , Longwenqiao , field, beach, 25°01'19.9"N, 98°40'40.4"E / 1290 m, 2003.X.20 D., H.B. Liang, X.C. Shi Coll., Institute of Zool. , CAS & California Acad. Sciences ; 1 ♂ and 3 ♀♀ (IZAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun , Botanical Garden , 549 m, 21°56.035'N, 101°15.154'E / 2005.V.25, Guo Zheng leg , Inst. of Zoology , CAS ; 4 ♂♂ and 6 ♀♀ (CAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun , Botanical Garden , 558 m, 21°55.035'N, 101°16.500'E / 2007.V.20, Guo Zheng leg , Inst. of Zoology , CAS ; 3 ♂♂ and 8 ♀♀ (IZAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun , Botanical Garden , 558 m, 21°55.035'N, 101°16.500'E / 2007.VII.10, Guo Zheng leg , Inst. of Zoology , CAS ; 1 ♂ and 4 ♀♀ (CAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun , Botanical Garden , 572 m, 21°54.646'N, 101°16.257'E / 2007.I.10, Guo Zheng leg , Inst. of Zoology , CAS ; 2 ♀♀ (IZAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun , Botanical Garden , 2009.XII.1, Guo Tang leg , Inst. of Zoology ; 2 ♀♀ (IZAS), China, Yunnan Prov. , Nabanhe N.R. Guomenshan, alt. 1150 m, 2009.V.6, Jiayao Hu, Ziwei Yin leg. ; 1 ♂ (IZAS), Yunnan, Jinghong, Menghai, Nabanhe N.R. Guomenshan , Forest , 2009.VI.26, 1114 m/ 22.24644°N, 100.60610°E, pitfall, L.Z. Meng leg. , Inst. of Zoology ; 1 ♂ (IZAS), China, Yunnan, Hekou , Longpu , 240 m, 2011.IV.13 D, 22.65404°N, 103.98193°E / Xinlei Huang leg. , Inst. of Zoology , CAS ; 1 ♂ (IZAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun , Botanical Garden , 540 m, 21.92987°N, 101.24820°E, 2011.IV.21 N/ Hongbin Liang, Kaiqing Li leg. , Institute of Zool. , CAS ; 1 ♂ (CAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun , Botanical Garden , 540 m, 21.92987°N, 101.24820°E, 2011.IV.22 / Yan Li leg. , Institute of Zool. , CAS ; 1 ♂ (IZAS), Yunnan Prov. Menglun, Botanical Garden, vegetation, 21.91175°N, 101.28163°E / 650 m, 2009.XI.15, Guo Tang Coll., Inst. of Zoology ; 1 ♀ (IZAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun , Botanical Garden , 2011.V.04, 560 m / 21°55'39.66"N, 101°15'18.09"E, Jingxin Liu leg. , Inst. of Zoology ; 1 ♀ (IZAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, 29 km NW, Jinghong , vic. Da Nuo You / 22°12.41'N, 100°38.29'E, 790 m, 2009.V.16 leg. L. Meng , rice follow; 1 ♀ (IZAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, 20km NW, Jinghong , vic. Man Dian (NNNR)/ 22°07.80'N, 100°40.05'E, 740 m, 2008.V.13 leg. A. Weigei rubb. plant; 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ (CAS), Yunnan, Lushui, Pianma , Gangfang , Xuetang 26.12218°N, 98.57546°E / 1625 m, 2005.V.16 N, D. Kavanaugh, D.Z. Dong leg. , Inst. of Zoology , CAS ; 1 ♂ (CAS), China, Yunnan, Mengla , Biodiversity Corridor , 660 m, 2011.IV.25 D, 21.40482°N, 101.63035°E / Xinlei Huang leg. , G213 1999 km, Inst. of Zoology , CAS ; 1 ♂ (IZAS), Yunnan, Yangbi, Pingpo , 1422 m, 25°35'33"N, 100°2'56"E / 2002.VI.27, Min Wu leg. ; 1 ♀ (CAS), China, Yunnan Province, Tengchong , Qushi Town , Xiaojiangqiao , riverside, 25°14'22.2"N, 98°37'38.0"E / 1445 m, 2003.X.21, night, H.B. Liang, X.C. Shi Coll., Institute of Zool. , CAS & California Acad. Science ; 1 ♀ (CAS), Yunnan, Gaoligongshan, Nujiang Prefecture , 1500 m, 26°07.3'N, 98°34.5'E, 1998.X.14, D.H. Kavanaugh leg. ; 2 ♂♂ (IZAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun Town NO.55, 2009.V.04, Hu Li leg. ; 4 ♀♀ (IZAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun , Botanical Garden , 2012.V.16, L.Z. Meng leg. , Inst. of Zoology ; 1 ♂ (IZAS), Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Menglun , 1982.IV.26, Linyao Wang leg. ; 1 ♂ (IZAS), Yunnan , 1980.VI.5, Fen Liu leg. ; 1 ♀ (IZAS), Yunnan, Gaoligong, Cikai Town , Pulahe joint of Nujiang , 27.74843°N, 98.66498°E / 1530 m 2004.X.23, night, D. Kavanaugh, D.Z. Dong leg. Inst. of Zoology, CAS; 1 ♂ (IZAS), Yunnan, Lancang , Mafang By pitfall traps, 22.57925°N, 99.99849°E / 1723 m, 2004.VI.16, W.B. Gu coll , Inst. of Zoology , CAS ; 1 ♀ (CAS), Yunnan, Lushui, Liuku , Gaoligong Shan, 25°51'20"N, 98°50'58"E / 800 m, 2002.IX.19, H.B. Liang, night, Sino-American Exped., Inst. of Zoology , CAS ; 1 ♂ (CAS), China, Yunnan, Gaoligongshan , Nujiang Prefecture , Gangfang , Sancha Lukou / 26 07.3'N, 98 34.5'E, 1500 m, 1998.X.12, D.H. Kavanaugh collector .; Myanmar: 1 ♂ (NHML), Carin Cheba, 900-1100 m, L. Fea / Fry Coll., 1905.100./ Chlaenius flavofemoratus Cast. = nigricoxis Mots. , comp with type, H.E. Andrewes det.; Vietnam : 1 ♀ (IZAS), Tonkin , Hoa Binh, leg: A. de Cooman .

Diagnosis.

Pronotum metallic green to metallic coppery. PW/PL = 1.14-1.26; PAW/PBW = 0.76-0.92 (Fig. 22 ); pronotum subquadrate with anterior angles rounded, not projected forward; disc gently convex, sparsely punctate. Elytral intervals convex basally, flat apically, densely punctate and pubescent. Hind wings developed. Metepisterna long, MW/ML = 0.75-0.92 (Fig. 14 ). Distal half of femora red-brown, the rest of legs black. This species is similar to Chlaenius (Haplochlaenius) costiger Chaudoir, 1856, but intervals interval convex basally and flat apically, not costulate.

Description.

BL = 22.3-25.3 mm, BW = 8.5-10.4 mm, PAW = 3.5-4.0 mm, PBW = 4.3-4.6 mm, PW = 5.5-5.8 mm, PL = 4.5-4.9 mm, MW = 1.9-2.5 mm, ML = 2.4-3.0 mm. Head, elytra, and venter black; pronotum metallic green to metallic coppery; antennae, labial and maxillary palpi, apex of mouthparts and tarsomeres dark brown; distal half of femora red-brown, the rest of legs black.

Head. Vertex finely punctate and pubescent, with a glabrous area in the middle; antennae long, reaching middle of elytra; antennomere 3 ~ 1.7 × longer than antennomere 4.

Pronotum subquadrate, PW/PL = 1.14-1.26 (Fig. 22 ), widest at apical four-ninth; anterior margin slightly concave, PAW/PBW = 0.76-0.92; lateral margins rounded or straight before posterior angles; anterior angles rounded, not projected forward; posterior angles obtuse; disc gently convex, sparsely punctate, without glabrous area in the middle; median line distinct, fine, reaching anterior margin and base; basal foveae deep, punctate and pubescent.

Elytra elongate, EL/BW = 1.47-1.83; slightly convex, widest near posterior third, rounded at apex in males, subtruncate in females; parascutellar striae well developed; parascutellar pores present; striae with deep punctures; interval convex basally, flat apically, densely punctate and pubescent; sutural angles obtuse; hind wings developed.

Venter densely punctate, pubescent; metepisterna (Fig. 14 ) long, MW/ML = 0.75-0.92; abdominal sternites III-VI with one setiferous puncture each side, sternite VII with one pair of setiferous punctures in males, two pairs in females.

Legs long and slender; tarsi nearly smooth dorsally.

Male genitalia. Median lobe (Fig. 30B-E ) large, long, strongly bent to ventral side; apical orifice opened dorsally, long and wide, not reaching basal bulb; in dorsal view, apical lamella (Fig. 30A ) slightly bent to left side, width slightly longer than length, apex rounded; in left lateral view, apical portion slightly bent ventrally at apex, left side near apical lamella with a large denticulation; internal sac with flagellum slender, apex with a helical sclerite, not reaching to apical orifice; left paramere larger than right paramere, both rounded; endophallus with flagellum fine and slightly bent; basal part of flagellum without a sclerite; apical part of flagellum with a drop-shaped bursa.

Female genitalia. Bursa copulatrix (Fig. 38A-C ) very long, base with trapeziform protrusion; villous canal long, tortuously contorted, adhered to common oviduct; spermatheca and spermathecal gland absent.

Distribution.

(Fig. 40 ) China (Fujian; Guangdong; Guangxi; Guizhou; Hainan; Hong Kong; Yunnan), Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam.

Remarks.

Due to the fully developed hind wings and the shape of pronotum, this species is very special among species of Sphodromimus . It also has a wider distribution than other species. But the morphological characteristic of the apical lamella of the aedeagus, denticulate on the dorsal side, and the mentum with a bifid tooth show that the species belongs to Sphodromimus . The subspecies C. (Sphodromimus) flavofemoratus enleensis Mandl, 1992 was upgraded as a valid species (see below).

Figures

Figure 40. Distribution of Chlaenius (Sphodromimus) species in China and adjacent areas (a possible distribution of C. enleensis, En-le, Yunnan, represented by a question mark).

Figures 7, 8. 7 A, B Chlaenius (Sphodromimus) flavofemoratus Laporte, 1834 (male, Yunnan, Menglun) C C. (Sphodromimus) flavofemoratus Laporte, 1834 (female, Yunnan, Menglun) 8 C. (Sphodromimus) enleensis Mandl, 1992 (holotype, Indo Chine) Scale bars: 5.0 mm.

Figures 11 - 16. Metepisternum features of Sphodromimus spp. 11 Chlaenius (Sphodromimus) caperatus sp. nov., holotype 12 C. (S.) yinggelingensis sp. nov., holotype 13 C. (S.) pilosus (Casale, 1984), male 14 C. (S.) flavofemoratus Laporte, 1834, male 15 C. (S.) davidi nom. nov.; male 16 C. (S.) enleensis Mandl, 1992, male.

Figures 17 - 24. Pronotum features of Sphodromimus spp. 17 Chlaenius (Sphodromimus) caperatus sp. nov.; holotype 18 C. (S.) hunanus (Morvan, 1997) male 19 C. (S.) deuvei (Morvan, 1997); male 20 C. (S.) pilosus (Casale, 1984), male 21 C. (S.) yinggelingensis sp. nov.; holotype 22 C. (S.) flavofemoratus Laporte, 1834, male 23 C. (S.) davidi nom. nov., male 24 C. (S.) enleensis Mandl, 1992, male. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figures 28 - 30. Aedeagus of Sphodromimus spp. 28 Chlaenius (Sphodromimus) pilosus (Casale, 1984) (Yunnan, Pingbian) 29 C. (Sphodromimus) yinggelingensis sp. nov, holotype 30 C. (Sphodromimus) flavofemoratus Laporte, 1834 (Yunnan, Menglun) A apical lamella B left lateral view C dorsal view D ventral view E right lateral view. Left scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); right scale bars: 1.0 mm (B-E).

Figures 37 - 39. Internal reproductive system of females 37 Chlaenius (Sphodromimus) yinggelingensis sp. nov., paratype 38 C. (Sphodromimus) flavofemoratus Laporte, 1834 39 C. (Sphodromimus) davidi nom. nov. A bursa copulatrix B dorsal view C ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.