Combretum hilarianum D. Dietr., Syn. Pl.

Moura, Edweslley Otaviano de, de Sousa, Valdeci Fontes, Soares, Arthur de Souza & Versieux, Leonardo M., 2018, Private environmental consultancy reveals five genera and ten species of angiosperms new to Rio Grande do Norte state, northeastern Brazil, Check List 14 (2), pp. 439-451 : 447-449

Combretum hilarianum D. Dietr., Syn. Pl. 2: 1303.1840.

Figure 3D

Liana 3‒3.5 m high, with reproductive and vegetative structures densely covered by yellow to ferruginous tomentose-villous indumentum and by a few lepidote trichomes. Leaf blades ca 7 × 3 cm, narrowly elliptic, acute or acuminate at the apex, cordate or obtuse at the base. Inflorescence a terminal or axillary raceme. Bracteole elliptic. Flower bud ellipsoid-rounded; lower hypanthium ca 2 × 1 mm, fusiform, upper hypanthium ca 1.8 × 2.8 mm, campanulate. Fruit orbicular, ca 1.4 × 1 cm, 4-winged, usually wine-red when immature.

Combretum hilarianum is a Neotropical species named by Dietrich (1840) to replace Combretum elegans Cambess. (1829) . It distributed in Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Peru ( Stace 2010). In Brazil, it is found in Bahia, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Acre, Pará, Rondônia, Tocantins, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo and occurs across the Amazon, Caatinga and Cerrado domains ( Marquete and Loiola 2015). In Rio Grande do Norte, it was collected in areas of shrubby Caatinga with stony soil. Combretum hilarianum differs from other species of Combretum of Rio Grande do Norte for having the lianescent habit, yellow-ferruginous tomentose-villous indumentum, besides the lepidote trichomes covering the branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Furthermore, during ripening, the fruits present color ranging from vinaceous to brown.

Specimens examined. Brazil. Rio Grande do Norte. Equador: Serra das Queimadas, área para instalação do Complexo Eólico Santapape, 06°54′43″ S, 036°42′58″ W, fr., 13 August 2015, Sousa V.F. 28 et al. (UFRN 19938).

Additional material. Ceará. Bezerra 545, 06°32′31″ S, 039°54′24″ W ( EAC 636, JPB 43090); Fernandes s.n., 03°33′44″ S, 041°05′32″ W ( EAC 8281, 32507); Oliveira 4065, 07°28′50″ S, 038°44′50″ W ( EAC 48582, HVASF 4614); Souza 3464, 03°11′15″ S, 040°44′38″ W ( EAC 58744). Paraíba. Andrade-Lima 1039, 06°57′48″ S, 035°41′30″ W ( ASE 1281), 78-8432, 07°38′30″ S, 035°32′58″ W ( IPA 45917); Araújo 1381, 07°52′36″ S, 037°13′42″ W ( EAC 48601, HVASF 7977), 1515, 07°52′36″ S, 037°13′42″ W ( EAC 48603, HVASF 8117), 1637, 07°50′14″ S, 037°07′50″ W ( EAC 48585, HVASF 8239); Bezerra-Neta 150, 08°15′54″ S, 037°59′14″ W ( HVASF 10300); Carvalho-Sobrinho 2197, 07°52′35″ S, 037°13′42″ W ( EAC 53633, HUEFS 152921, HVASF 4201); Félix 6580, 07°04′36″ S, 036°03′40″ W ( HST 11018), 6596, 06°59′48″ S, 036°42′47″ W ( HST 11018), 6861, 07°04′36″ S, 036°03′40″ W ( EAC 51892); Fon- tana 7052, 07°52′12″ S, 037°06′34″ W ( EAC 53635, HVASF 9444); Miranda 3573, 07°01′23″ S, 035°51′26″ W ( HST 13641); Siqueira-Filho 2187, 07°52′30″ S, 037°13′44″ W ( HVASF 5081). Pernambuco. ABC 434, 07°52′57″ S, 040°04′54″ W ( IPA 19315), 836, 08°16′29″ S, 038°02′03″ W ( IPA 19785); Alencar 32, 07°43′18″ S, 039°14′20″ W ( EAC 38998); Félix 7141, 07°59′31″ S, 038°17′54″ W ( FCAB 5879, HST 5598); Gomes 207, 07°58′59″ S, 038°19′16″ W ( IPA 58145); Harley 54121, 07°53′57″ S, 038°18′09″ W ( HUEFS 55868); Laurênio 49, 08°37′12″ S, 037°10′12″ W ( NYBG _ BR 566212 ); Lima s.n., 07°52′57″ S, 040°04′54″ W ( EAC 18875); Lucena 686, 07°49′26″ S, 038°03′15″ W ( UFP 79350), 728, 08°21′32″ S, 035°59′08″ W ( UFP 81158); Miranda 5740, 08°36′04″ S, 038°34′07″ W ( EAC 46620, HST 15858); Pereira 2730 , 08°37′23″ S, 037°09′21″ W ( HUEFS 143864, IPA 82618); Pessoa 111, 08°07′59″ S, 038°43′00″ W ( INPA 251883); Pinheiro 904, 08°45′10″ S, 038°46′34″ W ( JPB 55503).

Combretum monetaria Mart., Flora , 24(2): Beibl. 2. 1841.

Figure 3E, F

Erect shrub or small tree 2‒4 m high; branches, leaves, flower buds, flowers and fruits covered by hyaline or brown-ferruginous trichomes. Petiole 3‒4 mm long; leaf blade 2‒6 × 1.7‒3.0 cm, elliptic to widely elliptic, membranous, discolored, adaxial surface dark green, abaxial surface light green, apex acute, sometimes caudate, base cuneate. Inflorescence axillary or terminal subcapitate racemes; bracteole linear to narrowly ovate; flower bud turbinate; lower hypanthium ca 2.0 × 0.5 mm, ovoid; upper hypanthium ca 2.5 × 1.8 mm, infundibularcampanulate. Fruit elliptic to widely elliptic, ca 1.4 × 0.4 mm, 4-winged, lepidote.

Combretum monetaria is endemic to Brazil, recorded for the states of Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, and Goiás ( Marquete and Loiola 2015) and growing in Caatinga or transitional areas, in rocky, sandy, or sandy-loamy soils ( Loiola and Sales 1996). It is easily recognized by the erect shrubby or small tree habit, narrowly linear to linear bracteoles, the flowers with spatulate or obovate petals, and elliptic to widely elliptic fruits.

Specimens examined. Brazil. Rio Grande do Norte. Equador: Serra das Queimadas, área para instalação do Complexo Eólico Santapape, 06°54′43″ S, 036°42′58″ W, fr., 13 August 2015, Sousa V.F. 17 et al. (UFRN 19927); Parelhas: Área para instalação do Complexo Eólico Santapape, 06°42′25″ S, 036°38′33″ W, fr., 18 August 2015, Sousa V.F. 55 et al. (UFRN 19965); Tenente Laurentino Cruz: trilha saindo do assentamento indo à São Vicente, 06°11′26″ S, 036°43′06″ W, fr., 09 August 2014, Macêdo B.R.M. 31, 32, 33 (UFRN); Campo Redondo: Fazenda Giromão, 06°16′42″ S, 036°13′30″ W, fr., 5 August 2010, Roque A.A. 1088 (UFRN 10773).

Additional material. Ceará. Carvalho-Sobrinho 1861, 07°38’28″ S, 038°53’50″ W ( HVASF 3256); Cotarelli 1725, 07°32′56″ S, 038°47′27 W ( HVASF 15429). Paraíba. Araújo 1385, 07°52′35″ S, 037°13′42″ W ( EAC 48602, HVASF 7981), 1638, 07°50′14″ S, 037°07′ 50″ W ( HVASF 8240); Carvalho-Sobrinho 2514, 07°53′ 40″ S, 037°15′01W ( HVASF 8288); Lacerda 327, 07° 28′14″ S, 036°53′54″ W ( JPB 34356), 489, 07°28′14″ S, 036°53′54″ W ( JPB 34536), 544, 07°28′14″ S, 036° 53′54″ W ( JPB 34942); Maciel 1439, 07°09′02″ S, 038° 35′38″ W ( HVASF 7112); Oliveira 3909, 07°54′26″ S, 037°05′32″ W ( HVASF 4458), 4846, 07°54′26″ S, 037° 05′32″ W ( HVASF 4458) Pernambuco. ABC 524, 07° 52′57″S, 040°04′54″ W ( IPA 19406), 702, 8°04′27″ S, 039°07′09″ W ( CEPEC 69391); Almeida 38, 08°24′48″ S, 037°53′34″ W ( HVASF 14920); Araújo 741, 08°29′57″ S, 037°50′29W ( EAC 54245, HVASF 6151), 1144, 08°07′35″ S, 039°28′45W ( EAC 53618, HVASF 7831); 1615, 08°26′12″ S, 039°21′52″ W ( HVASF 8217); Bezerra-Neta 112, 06°57′12″ S, 035°31′13″ W ( HVASF 10297), 149, 08°15′54″ S, 037°59′14″ W ( HVASF 10299); Carvalho-Sobrinho 2221, 08°12′36″ S, 037°20′12″ W ( EAC 54252, HUEFS 152924, HVASF 4957); Coelho 110, 09°19′01″ S, 040°33′01″ W ( HVASF 3016), 243, 09°19′47″ S, 040°33′13″ W ( EAC 48590, HVASF 7651), 315, 08°14′48″ S, 037°41′20″ W ( HVASF 8520); Cotarelli 778, 08°19′48″ S, 037°47′15″ W ( EAC 54248, HVASF 12099), 813, 08°19′55″ S, 037°47′12″ W ( EAC 54256, HVASF 12099), 1030, 08°02′07″ S, 037°16′22″ W ( HVASF 12426), 1039, 08°14′11″ S, 037°39′10″ W ( HVASF 12435), 2483, 08°35′29″ S, 038°06′41″ W ( HVASF 19767); Fotius 3324, 09°23′55″ S, 040°30′03″ W ( IPA 31415); Heringer 524, 07°52′58″S, 040°04′54″ W ( ASE 1236); Lima 28, 07°52′57″ S, 040°04′54″ W ( IPA 42161); Maciel 833, 09°19′34″S, 040°32′55″ W ( HVASF 3211), 1119, 09°19′30″ S 40°32′50″ W ( EAC 48594); Meiado 461, 08°20′05″ S, 037°46′50″ W ( HVASF 15394), 514, 08°19′48″ S, 037°46′08″ W ( HVASF 14851), 580, 08°06′14″ S, 039°12′14″ W ( HVASF 19838); Oliveira 2464, 08°00′49″ S, 038°42′47″ W ( HVASF 20519), 2915, 08°23′10″ S, 039°19′45″ W ( HVASF 2216), 5735, 08°20′04″ S, 037°46′59″ W ( HVASF 11554); Paiva s.n., 07°52′57″ S, 040°04′54″ W ( HST 3418); Rodal 43, 08°36′04″ S, 038°34′07″ W ( IPA 51894); Santos s.n., 07°39′07″S, 040°08′56″ W ( EAC 59644, HST 16599); Silva 216, 08°06′07″ S, 039°12′15″ W ( EAC 53620, HVASF 11390); Souza 132, 09°19′52″ S, 040°32′47″ W ( HVASF 18303), 146, 09°19′54″ S, 040°32′48″ W ( HVASF 18317).

Euphorbiaceae

Euphorbia phosphorea Mart., Reise Bras. 2: 612, 726. 1828.

Figure 3G

Perennial shrub 1.5‒ 2 m high, branched; latex white and viscous; cladodes green covered by a thin layer of whit- ish epicuticular wax, 8-costate, glabrous. Inflorescence fascicle of cyathia; bracts 2 per cyathium, broadly ovate, concave, opposite; involucre campanulate, glabrous; glands 5, narrowly elliptic in cross section, sessile; glandular appendix truncate, 2-corniculate, verrucose. Staminate flowers 1.5‒ 2 mm long. Pistillate flowers 3‒4 mm long; ovary 3 × 4 mm, rugose; 3-capellate, shortly bipartite.

Endemic to Brazil, Euphorbia phosphorea is recorded for Bahia, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Sergipe, and Minas Gerais ( Steinmann et al. 2016). It is easily recognized in the field by the shrubby habit with costate cladodes; presence of fascicles of cyathia; pistillate flowers presenting 5 glands with a pair of truncate and corniculate appendages at the extremities. This is the first record of xeromorphic species of Euphorbiaceae for Rio Grande do Norte, it was collected as rupicolous on rocky outcrops in Caatinga. This species inhabits in Caatinga vegetation where it usually grows in deciduous forests or thorny scrubs over exposed rocky soils, gravelly sandy substrates, or on inselbergs ( Riina et al. 2015).

Specimens examined. Brazil. Rio Grande do Norte: Equador: Serra das Queimadas, área de extração de Caulim e para instalação do Complexo Eólico Santapape, 06°55′10″ S, 036°43′25″ W, 12 July 2015, Moura E.O. et al. 404 (UFRN 19551); Monte das Gameleiras: afloramento às margens da RN 269, 21 December 2015, Moura E.O. et al. 461 (UFRN 20398).

Additional material. Paraíba. Agra 4145, 07°28′59″ S, 036°39′54″ W ( JPB 20556); Andrade-Lima 1063, 07°21′30″ S, 035°53′54″ W ( MAC 1968), 8630, 06° 59′48″ S, 036°42′47″ W ( IPA 45173); Araújo 1365, 07°52′35″ S, 037°13′42″ W ( HVASF 7961); Brasileiro 17, 07°09′40″ S, 035°57′38″ W ( UEC 158492); Costa 40, 07°28′14″ S, 036°53′54″ W ( HUEFS 209549, JPB 41727), 21 ( JPB 41709); Fontana 6566, 07°52′30″ S, 037°13′44″ W ( HVASF 7545); Gadelha-Neto 1688, 06°45′28″ S, 036°28′15″ W ( JPB 38034), 1936, 07°04′37″ S, 036°03′40″ W ( JPB 38059), 2732, 08°05′45″ S, 036° 40′41″ W ( JPB 44413); Lacerda 376, 07°23′27″ S, 036°31′58″ W ( JPB 34405); Lima 966, 07°28′10″ S, 035°53′38″ W ( JPB 38742); Lucena 1856, 07°29′20″ S, 036°17′14″ W ( UFP 51867); Oliveira 4328, 07°52′43″ S, 037°10′16″ W ( HVASF 5944); Schlindwein 925, 06° 59′48″ S, 036°42′47″ W ( JPB 24421). Pernambuco: Araújo 1141, 08°07′35″ S, 039°28′45″ W ( HVASF 7828); Davis 61118, 08°37′00″ S, 035°57′00″ W ( UEC 4805); Fontana 7039, 08°18′11″ S, 039°12′59″ W ( HVASF 9342); Gomes 679, 08°15′00″ S 36°11′25″ W ( UFP 82831); Krause 111, 08°08′45″ S, 036°22′16″ W ( PEUFR 30040), 126, 08°14′17″ S, 036°11′52″ W ( PEUFR 30041), 151, 08°27′59″ S, 036°46′33″ W ( PEUFR 30042); Nascimento 518, 08°08′45″ S, 036°22′16″ W ( HUEFS 57060, PEUFR 36835); Oliveira s.n. 08°21′28″ S, 036°41′47″ W ( UFP 41399); Silva 40, 08°19′33″ S, 036°08′34″ W ( PEUFR 46106).

Fabaceae

Bionia pedicellata (Benth.) L.P.Queiroz, Neodiversity 3: 17. 2008.

Figure 3H

Erect shrubs, 1‒1.5 m high; stem cylindrical and greyish. Leaf blades 2.5‒ 6 cm long, elliptic, apex retuse, base obtuse. Inflorescence nodose pseudoraceme; flowers ca 3 cm long, sessile; calyx cylindrical, lacinia triangular, corolla dialypetalous, petals unguiculate and dark red, banner ca 4 cm long, narrowly elliptic; androecium pseudomonadelphous, with 10 stamens, joined in a tube but one free at the base; ovary stipitate, oblong. Fruit a legume with elastic dehiscence. Seeds compressed, lenticular, suborbiculate.

This species was originally described by Bentham (1840) as Camptosema pedicellatum from specimens of northeastern Brazil, state of Ceará. Bionia pedicellata is endemic to northeastern Brazil and recorded for Bahia, Ceará, Pernambuco, and Piauí ( Queiroz 2015). In Rio Grande do Norte, it was found in open Caatinga vegetation, growing in rocky soils. It is easily recognized in the field by its low shrubby habit, simple leaves with obtuse base and velutinous abaxial surface, by the dark red petals, and by the velutinous indumentum of its legumes.

Specimens examined. Brazil. Rio Grande do Norte. Equador: Serra das Queimadas, área para implantação do Complexo Eólico Santapape, 06°55′10″ S, 036°43′25″ W, fl., fr. imat., 12 August 2015, Moura E.O. et al. 411 (UFRN 19558).

Additional material. Ceará. Castro s.n., 07°14′03″ S, 039°24′34″ W ( EAC 25432); Cavalcanti s.n., 07°14′ 03″ S, 039°24′34″ W ( EAC 18313); Fernandes s.n., 07°14′03″ S, 039°24′34″ W ( EAC 17970); Gardner 1552, 05°24′10″ S, 039°19′31″ W ( G 388882, 38883); Martins s.n., 07°14′03″ S, 039°24′34″ W ( EAC 8114); Miranda 3408, 07°14′03″ S, 039°24′34″ W ( HST 8881, HUEFS 185175); Nunes s.n., 07°14′03″ S, 039°24′34″ W ( EAC 16538); Souza 325, 07°14′03″ S, 039°24′34″ W ( EAC 28283). Pernambuco. Alencar 2246, 08°31′56″ S, 037°14′34″ W ( HUEFS 2061119); Coradin 2498, 07°46′42″ S, 039°56′28″ W ( CEN 5047); Cotarelli 787, 08°00′38″ S, 037°43′07″ W ( HVASF 12078); Félix 7454, 08°37′23″ S, 037°09′21″ W ( HST 5387); Fontana 7112, 08°00′38″ S, 037°43′07″ W ( HVASF 9398), 7133, 07°53′42″ S, 037°37′00″ W ( HVASF 9418), 8365, 08°04′40″ S, 037°58′01″ W ( HUEFS 220261); Miranda 2300 , 08°37′23″ S, 037°09′21″ W ( HST 6878) Oliveira 135, 08°30′53″ S, 037°14′14″ W ( HVASF 14231), 332, 08°32′13″ S, 037°14′31″ W ( HVASF 15838); Santos 1594, 08°34′33″ S, 037°14′45″ W ( HUEFS 122531); Silva 21, 08°37′23″ S, 037°09′21″ W ( HST 16983).