Mymaridae (Huber, 1986)

Huber, John T., Read, Jennifer D. & Triapitsyn, Serguei V., 2024, Illustrated key to the genera and catalogue of Mymaridae (Hymenoptera) in the Neotropical region, Zootaxa 5557 (1), pp. 1-263 : 8-11

Key to Neotropical genera of Mymaridae . Females

[Antenna with apical segments wider than the remaining segments, forming a distinct 1- to 3-segmented clava, e.g., Figs 2, 194, 219.]

1 Wings short, at most extending to apex of mesosoma, or wings absent or apparently so ( Fig. 213)...................... 2

- Wings fully developed, extending at least to apex of gaster but usually well beyond................................. 6

2(1) Clava 3-segmented ( Fig. 212); mandible with 1 (2?) equal ventral teeth, each with pointed apex, and a dorsal tooth with wide serrated apex.......................................................... Notomymar Doutt & Yoshimoto (part)

- Clava 1-segmented (= entire); mandible with 3 equal teeth, each with pointed apex and no serrations................... 3

3(2) Ocelli absent ( Fig. 68a,b), their position indicated by slight change in sculpture; wings absent. ( Figs 71, 73, 74)............................................................................................. Chrysoctonus Mathot

- Ocelli present; micropterous or, if brachypterous, the wings rarely extending at most to apex of gaster.................. 4

4(3) Propodeum with submedian carinae anteriorly, and plicae and costulae, and a faint areole each side of midline ( Fig. 48); ovipositor sheath with setae along most of its exserted length ( Fig. 49a).................. Australomymar Girault (part)

- Propodeum without plicae, costulae or areoles; ovipositor sheath with one seta subapically or apparently no setae (ovipositor not exserted or only slightly so).......................................................................... 5

5(4) Propodeum with submedian carinae narrowly spaced apart posteriorly (appearing almost single) and diverging anteriorly............................................................................... Cremnomymar Ogloblin (part)

- Propodeum without submedian carinae but with submedian sulci widely spaced along entire length........................................................................... Polynema Haliday (part) [some P. (Doriclytus Foerster)]

6(1) Tarsi 5-segmented..................................................................................... 7

- Tarsi 4-segmented ( Fig. 198), exceptionally 3-segmented..................................................... 26

7(6) Funicle 8-segmented................................................................................... 8

- Funicle at most 7-segmented........................................................................... 16

8(7) Propodeum with diamond-like pattern of carinae ( Fig. 234); metasoma, especially in lateral view, with gt 1 and gt 2 distinctly longer than remaining terga ( Fig. 235a)...................................................... Ooctonus Haliday

- Propodeum without carinae as described above, either with 2 longitudinal, more or less parallel ( Fig. 96) or oval submedian carinae or lines, or carinae absent and propodeum almost smooth; metasoma, in lateral view, with gt 1 and gt 2 only slightly longer than gt 2 ............................................................................................. 9

9(8) Malar sulcus absent; propodeum almost entirely covered with numerous small deep pits ( Fig. 353); petiole almost as long as gaster.............................................................................. Yoshimotoana Huber

- Malar sulcus present ( Figs 93a, 326a) but sometimes faint; propodeum without small deep pits except sometimes a few submedially; petiole at most about one-third length of gaster, usually much shorter................................ 10

10(9) Gaster almost always projecting anteriorly ventral to mesosoma as gastral sac containing base of ovipositor and sheaths ( Figs 140b, 145); back of head with transoccipital sulcus ( Figs 136b, 141b)........................................... 11

- Gaster not projecting anteriorly ventral to mesosoma (gastral sac absent and base of ovipositor and sheaths originating posterior to mesosoma); back of head without transoccipital sulcus.................................................... 12

11(10) Fore wing almost without microtrichia posterior to and just distal to venation, and remainder of wing microtrichia usually fairly widely separated from one another, relatively sparse; dorsellum with posterior margin evenly rounded; propodeum with two or three fine, faint longitudinal carinae ( Fig. 144) between submedian carinae when these present; propodeal spiracle sometimes huge, almost as long as dorsellum ( Fig. 144)......................................... Gastrogonatocerus Ogloblin

- Fore wing with numerous microtrichia posterior to and distal to venation, the remainder of wing with microtrichia close together, dense; dorsellum with posterior margin slightly sinuate, with obtuse median projection ( Fig. 139); propodeum with submedian carinae close together posteriorly for most of length then anteriorly abruptly flaring towards spiracle, and following contour of posterior margin of metanotum ( Fig. 139); propodeal spiracle small, about as long as mesonotal spiracle..................................................................................... Gahanopsis Ogloblin (part)

12(10) Ocellar triangle with 2 setae between lateral ocelli; pronotum with lateral lobes abutting medially ( Fig. 96), not separated by a median, usually less sclerotized rectangular area; propodeum with straight or curved submedian carina ( Fig. 96) often extending to anterior margin, rarely the carinae converging or short............................................. 13

- Ocellar triangle with 3 or 4 setae between lateral ocelli ( Figs 181b); pronotum with lateral lobes sometimes separated by a median, well defined and usually less sclerotized rectangular area ( Figs 184); propodeum with straight, fairly widely spaced, submedian lines or sulci slightly converging dorsally and extending to anterior margin of propodeum ( Figs 184, 324)..... 15

13(12) Clava with numerous short oblique mps ( Fig. 165); fore wing with 2 hypochaetae midway between proximal and distal macrochaetae ( Fig. 166); propodeum with semicircular submedian carinae with raised flat-topped sides delimiting a median oval, and a short median carina extending dorsally from anterior apex of oval ( Fig. 167)............... Krateriske Huber

- Clava usually with 6 long mps ( Fig. 94); fore wing with 1 hypochaeta midway between proximal and distal macrochaetae; propodeum without median oval or carina as described above but with or without submedian carinae.................. 14

14(13) Fore wing almost always slightly wider (often less than 3.7 × as long as wide), with apex somewhat truncate (not as convexly/ distinctly rounded), either without microtrichia posterior to most of venation ( Fig. 95) or, if some microtrichia present, these usually not as dense as microtrichia distal to venation; propodeum with distinct straight and parallel or curved converging or diverging submedian carinae ( Fig. 96)................................................. Cosmocomoidea Howard

- Fore wing slightly narrower (at least 3.7 × as long as wide), with apex more convexly rounded and usually with numerous microtrichia posterior to venation ( Fig. 149), sometimes as dense as distal to venation; propodeum without submedian carinae ( Fig. 150), at most with faint submedian sulci................................................. Gonatocerus Nees

15(12) Mandibles not shortened, their apices meeting or overlapping when closed; dorsellum strap-like, with anterior and posterior margins parallel ( Fig. 184)................................................................ Lymaenon Walker

- Mandibles shortened, their apices not or barely meeting when closed ( Fig. 321a); dorsellum rhomboidal ( Fig. 324), with anterior and posterior margins diverging................................................... Tanyxiphium Huber

16(7) Funicle 7-segmented ( Figs 51, 110, 115, 305) with fl 3 sometimes extremely short, ring-like ( Fig. 63).................. 17

- Funicle 5-segmented ( Figs 15, 41) or 6-segmented ( Figs 177, 278)............................................. 23

17(16) Fore wing at most 4.5 × as long as wide ( Fig. 138); ovipositor and sheaths enclosed in a gastral sac distinctly projecting anteriorly ventral to mesosoma................. Gahanopsis (part) [( G. arkadak (Triapitsyn) and G. deficiens (Ogloblin) ]

- Fore wing at least 8.0 × as long as wide; ovipositor and sheaths not projecting anteriorly ventral to mesosoma........... 18

18(17) Petiole much wider than long, at least 0.5 × as wide as gt 1 and barely differentiated from it (difficult to see).............. 19

- Petiole about as long as wide (rarely wider than long) or somewhat longer, much narrower than width of gt 1 and clearly differentiated from it ( Figs 58–61, 65, 307)................................................................ 21

19(18) Head in anterior or posterior views with mandibles directed ventrally ( Figs 114a,b), not crossing, apparently with 1 larger and 1 smaller tooth........................................................................... Dicopus Enock

- Head in anterior view with mandibles directed medially ( Figs 50a,b, 109a,b), when closed with teeth almost meeting or crossing, with 2 equal sized teeth............................................................................... 20

20(19) Head in posterior view with vertexal trabeculae visible as thick straight dark bars forming an obtuse angle above foramen magnum and extending to ventral prolongation of each supraorbital trabecula ( Fig. 50b)........... Callodicopus Ogloblin

- Head in posterior view without vertexal trabeculae, at most with short, curved postoccipital sulcus above foramen magnum ( Fig. 109b)....................................................................... Dicopomorpha Ogloblin

21(18) Fore wing with posterior margin towards apex straight ( Fig. 64) so wing apex not curved; fore wing beyond venation with brown suffusion medially and apically separated by a hyaline area ( Fig. 64)................... Camptopteroides Viggiani

- Fore wing with posterior margin towards apex concave so wing apex curved ( Fig. 57); fore wing beyond venation uniformly hyaline, without brown suffusion except sometimes narrowly along margins..................................... 22

22(21) Fore wing narrow, with at most 2 longitudinal rows of microtrichia beyond venation ( Fig. 57); propodeum without translucent reticulated structures submedially and laterally; petiole ventrally not surrounded by translucent reticulated structure.......................................................................................... Camptoptera Foerster

- Fore wing wider, with several rows of microtrichia covering wing surface beyond venation ( Fig. 306); propodeum with large vertical translucent reticulated structures submedially and laterally ( Fig. 307); petiole ventrally surrounded by translucent reticulated structure ( Fig. 308a)...................................................... Stephanocampta Mathot

23(16) Funicle 6-segmented.................................................................................. 24

- Funicle 5-segmented ( Fig. 15).......................................................................... 25

24(23) Metasoma dorsoventrally flattened, wider than high; mesosoma and metasoma with long, strong, erect spines laterally ( Figs 281, 282); gt 1 only slightly longer than each remaining tergum ( Fig. 281)........................... Porcepicus Huber

- Metasoma laterally compressed, higher than wide; mesosoma and metasoma without spines; gt 1 much longer than each remaining tergum ( Fig. 180a).................................................................. Litus Haliday

25(23) Fore wing with venation extending at least about 0.7 × wing length ( Fig. 42); marginal vein present and long ( Fig. 42); fore wing with posterior margin behind venation not notched............................................... Arescon Walker

- Fore wing with venation extending at most about 0.4 × wing length; marginal vein absent ( Fig. 16); fore wing with posterior margin behind venation usually distinctly notched ( Fig. 16)...................................... Alaptus Westwood

26(6) Tarsi 3-segmented................................................................ Kikiki Huber & Beardsley

- Tarsi 4-segmented.................................................................................... 27

27(26) Funicle 8-segmented ( Fig. 284); propodeum and gt 1 with large translucent reticulated structures ( Fig. 286); propodeal spiracle branched ( Fig. 286)........................................................... Ptilomymar Annecke & Doutt

- Funicle at most 6-segmented; propodeum without structures as described above; propodeal spiracle not branched........ 28

28(27) Clava 2- or 3-segmented............................................................................... 29

- Clava 1-segmented................................................................................... 39

29(28) Clava 2-segmented ( Figs 219, 226, 300).................................................................. 30

- Clava 3-segmented ( Figs 194, 200, 315).................................................................. 33

30(29) Funicle with all segments more or less quadrate ( Fig. 265); head in lateral view longer than high ( Fig. 265)................................................................................. Pla t ystethynium ( Platypatasson Ogloblin )

- Funicle with some segments distinctly longer than wide; head in lateral view higher than long....................... 31

31(30) Clava often with apical finger-like projection ( Fig. 219) or slight apical constriction ( Fig. 226) and ovipositor projecting distinctly beyond apex of gaster ( Figs 223, 229)............................................ Omyomymar Schauff

- Clava without apical finger-like projection and ovipositor barely or not projecting beyond apex of gaster............... 32

32(31) Frenum entire, not longitudinally divided ( Fig. 36); propodeum with median longitudinal sulcus ( Figs 36, 38) and, in lateral view, strongly sloping relative to scutellum ( Fig. 37); mesophragma with apex truncate or convex; metasoma uniformly black or dark brown.................................................................. Anaphes ( Patasson Walker )

- Frenum longitudinally divided, with each paramedial plate longer than wide ( Fig. 302); propodeum without median sulcus ( Fig. 302) and, in lateral view, almost in same plane as scutellum; mesophragma with apex concave or notched; metasoma light brown or light coloured (white, yellow) at base, in contrast to darker brown on remainder of gaster Schizophragma Ogloblin

33(29) Fore wing with venation extending more that 0.5 × wing length ( Figs 172, 195)................................... 34

- Fore wing with venation extending at most 0.4 × wing length.................................................. 35

34(33) Ovipositor not exserted beyond apex of gaster................................................... Krokella Huber

- Ovipositor exserted beyond apex of gaster by over half gaster length ( Fig. 198)................ Neopolynemoidea Huber

35(33) Ovipositor and sheaths enclosed in a narrow gastral sac projecting anteriorly ventral to mesosoma past level of head ( Figs 247, 251); back of head with transoccipital sulcus extending from eye to eye above foramen magnum, thus separating occiput from gena/postgena ( Figs 247, 251).............................................. Paranaphoidea ( Idiocentrus Gahan )

- Ovipositor and sheaths not projecting ventral to mesosoma; back of head without transverse sulcus dorsal to foramen magnum........................................................................................... 36

36(35) Funicle with all segments more or less quadrate, each about as long as wide (as in Fig. 265); head in lateral view triangular, with face distinctly angled ventral to torulus and torulus clearly anterior to anterior margin of eye (as in Fig. 265) [not certain if this subgenus occurs in Neotropical region]................................. Platystethynium ( Platystethynium Ogloblin )

- Funicle with some segments distinctly longer than wide; head in lateral view more quadrate, with face barely angled ventral to toruli and toruli at same level as anterior margin of eye...................................................... 37

37(36) Frenum divided medially by longitudinal sulcus into paramedial plates, each longer than wide ( Fig. 317); scutellar seta absent ( Fig. 317)............................................................................. Stethynium Enock

- Frenum entire; scutellar seta present..................................................................... 38

38(37) Transoccipital sulcus absent ( Fig. 199b); mandibles short, their apices not crossing when closed, with all teeth probably equal in size ( Fig. 199a).................................................................. Neostethynium Ogloblin

- Transoccipital sulcus present ( Fig. 215b); mandibles not reduced, their apices crossing when closed; dorsal tooth wider than either ventral tooth and its ventral margin serrated ( Fig. 215a)........................ Notomymar Doutt & Yoshimoto

39(28) Petiole shorter than wide (best seen in dorsal view) or apparently so (dorsal view of propodeum-petiole junction not visible in Megamymar — Fig. 186) so metasoma appearing sessile or almost so (subsessile) ( Figs 36, 38, 49a,b, 79, 84, 133)....... 40

- Petiole in dorsal view almost always at least as long as wide (except Platypolynema — see couplet 66), usually much longer, so metasoma distinctly petiolate ( Figs 5, 24, 92a, 102, 245)..................................................... 51

40(39) Ovipositor distinctly exserted beyond apex of gaster, usually with exserted part longer than gaster length ( Figs 49a, 186)…41

- Ovipositor not exserted posterior to apex of gaster.......................................................... 42

41(40) Body length not more than about 3.5 mm, usually much less; ovipositor sheath as long as ovipositor and strongly exserted, with the exserted portion bearing several setae along its length ( Fig. 49a); gaster not projecting anterodorsal to posterior apex of mesosoma........................................................................ Australomymar Girault

- Body length 4.5 mm; ovipositor sheaths much shorter than ovipositor, not exserted beyond apex of gaster and apparently without seta; gaster projecting anterodorsal to posterior apex of mesosoma, forming a short horn ( Fig. 186)................................................................................................... Megamymar Huber

42(40) Mandible minute and barely visible, without teeth ( Fig. 130a); each maxilla slightly longer than their combined width ( Fig. 130b); gena in lateral view narrow behind eye ( Fig. 135), often apparently absent; dorsellum triangular, about as long as wide and extending posteriorly over anterior margin of propodeum ( Figs 133, 135); hypopygium prominent, extending about to apex of gaster ( Fig. 135)................................................................................... 43

- Mandible larger and clearly visible, with at least one ( Fig. 78) but usually more distinct teeth ( Figs 25a, 33a, 81a); each maxilla shorter than their combined width; gena in lateral view wide behind eye, so visible; dorsellum either not distinct or, if distinct and triangular, wider than long and not extending posteriorly over anterior (dorsal) margin of propodeum; hypopygium inconspicuous, not extending to apex of gaster............................................................. 44

43(42) Fore wing with anterior and posterior margins beyond venation diverging, the width near wing apex greater than width at apex of venation and membrane with a minute seta dorsally behind base of parastigma (near apex of hypochaeta) ( Fig. 132)............................................................................... Erythmelus ( Erythmelus Enock )

- Fore wing with anterior and posterior margins beyond venation almost parallel, the width near wing apex about same as width at apex of venation and membrane without a minute seta dorsally behind base of parastigma.................................................................................................. Erythmelus ( Parallelaptera Enock )

44(42) Funicle 5-segmented ( Fig. 336); mandible with 4 teeth ( Fig. 335a)........................ Tinkerbella Huber & Noyes

- Funicle 6-segmented; mandible with at most 3 teeth......................................................... 45

45(44) Frenum divided medially by longitudinal sulcus into paramedial plates, each shorter than wide ( Fig. 28)............... 46

- Frenum, entire, without mediolongitudinal sulcus ( Figs 36, 84) though a trace of one possible ( Fig. 79)................ 47

46(45) Ocelli not surrounded by pale lines; fl 2 longer than any other funicle segment........... Anagrus ( Anagrella Bakkendorf )

- Ocelli with sulci (seen as pale lines in slide mounts) extending between them and enclosing them like a crown (stemmaticum) ( Fig. 28); fl 2 not longer than any other funicle segment....................................................... 48

47(45) Fl 1 as long as pedicel ( Fig. 31); frenum with paramedial plates widely separated from each other; metafemur length less than 2 × trochanter length, the trochantellus incision usually almost half way between coxa-trochanter and femur-tibia articulations.......................................................................... A nagrus ( Paranagrus Perkins )

- Fl 1 shorter than pedicel ( Fig. 26); frenum with paramedial plates close together ( Fig. 28); metafemur more than 2× as long as trochanter length, the trochantellus incision almost one-third way between coxa-trochanter and femur-tibia articulation.................................................................................. Anagrus ( Anagrus Haliday )

48(46) Head in lateral view with face flat or, at most, slightly convex, with torulus at same level as anterior margin of eye; pronotum entire, not divided medially into two lateral lobes ( Fig. 36); propodeum with a median longitudinal sulcus ( Fig. 36)..................................................................................... Anaphes ( Anaphes Haliday )

- Head in lateral view with face at least slightly bulging (angular), with toruli anterior to anterior margin of eye; pronotum divided medially into two lateral lobes ( Figs 79, 84); propodeum without median longitudinal sulcus ( Figs 79, 84)....... 49

49(48) Funicle segments almost all wider than long or quadrate ( Fig. 82); fore wing parallel sided for most of its length beyond venation ( Fig. 83)................................................................... Cleruchus Enock (part)

- Funicle segments mostly longer than wide ( Fig. 76); fore wing widening for most of its length beyond venation ( Fig. 77).. 50

50(49) Face with a narrow, distinct dark brown line extending from ventral margin of each torulus to mouth margin ( Fig. 78); fore wing posterior margin with distinct lobe at level of apex of venation ( Fig. 77).................... Cleruchoides Lin & Huber

- Face without brown lines; fore wing posterior margin with only a slight lobe at level of apex of venation ( Fig. 83)................................................................................................ Cleruchus (part)

51(39) Mandibles directed ventrally, not crossing medially when closed ( Figs 19a,b), each with 1 tooth; head in lateral view somewhat triangular, with face strongly bulging ( Fig. 24); head and mesosoma with distinct reticulate sculpture ( Fig. 22)................................................................................................ Anagroidea Girault

- Mandibles directed medially, crossing when closed, each with 3 equal teeth; head in lateral view with face flat or, at most slightly bulging; head and mesosoma usually with faint reticulations (distinct in some, absent in others)................ 52

52(51) Toruli abutting transverse trabecula ( Figs 188a, 330a)....................................................... 53

- Toruli separated from transverse trabecula by at least 0.3 × their own height but usually by at least their own height....... 55