Calycomyza humeralis (Roser)

Lonsdale, Owen, 2021, Manual of North American Agromyzidae (Diptera, Schizophora), with revision of the fauna of the " Delmarva " states, ZooKeys 1051, pp. 1-481 : 1

Calycomyza humeralis (Roser)

Figs 94 , 95 , 466-469

Agromyza humeralis Roser, 1840: 63.

Agromyza atripes Brischke, 1881: 259. Spencer and Martinez 1987 [synonymy].

Dizygomyza (Calycomyza) humeralis . Hendel, 1931: 68; Meijere 1938: 75, 1940: 175, 1943: 68; Hering 1951: 42.

Phytobia (Calycomyza) humeralis . Frick 1952a: 394, 1956: 290, 1959: 390.

Agromyza bellidis Kaltenbach, 1858: 82. Hendel 1931 [synonymy].

Dizygomyza bellidis . Hendel, 1920: 136, 1923: 394; Meijere 1925: 257; Hering 1925: 133, 1927: 57.

Calycomyza humeralis . Spencer, 1969: 149; Spencer and Steyskal 1986b: 144; Boucher and Wheeler 2001: 613; Scheffer and Lonsdale 2018: 86; Eiseman and Lonsdale 2018: 31.

Description

(Figs 94 , 95 ). Wing length 1.4-1.6 mm (♂), 1.6-2.0 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section: 2.6-3.5. Eye height divided by gena height: 1.5-4.1. First flagellomere with shallow angle on anterodorsal margin. Notum with light pruinosity.

Chaetotaxy: Two ori; two ors. Ocellar seta thin, not much longer than tubercle to slightly longer. Postocellar well-developed. Two well-developed dorsocentral setae, setula in front of anterior dorsocentral relatively well-developed but short, sometimes appearing as third dorsocentral. Six rows of acrostichal setulae, less commonly four. One posteromedial seta on mid tibia that is sometimes reduced to absent.

Colouration: Setae dark brown. Head yellow with back of head, clypeus, palpus, ocellar triangle (slightly larger than tubercle and rounded) and antenna dark brown; frons brownish to brown in posterolateral corner to base of posterior ors; sometimes fronto-orbital plate brownish to brown to level of anterior ors, sometimes with lateral margin very thinly brownish along margin of eye and around base of fronto-orbitals (less commonly with plate entirely brown to base of anterior fronto-orbital); face and lower margin of gena dark brown with face often slightly paler along midline; dorsomedial region of parafacial brownish. Thorax dark brown with postpronotum (excluding dark anteromedial spot confluent with margin), notopleuron (excluding dark elongate sublateral spot) and sometimes small anterolateral spot behind suture yellow. Halter white. Calypter margin and hairs white. Legs and abdomen dark brown.

Genitalia: (Figs 466-469 ) Epandrium and surstylus with dense patch of tubercle-like setae on inner-distal margin. Hypandrium with one seta on inner lobe that surrounds postgonite. Postgonite rounded apically and deeply cleft. Basiphallus well-sclerotised dorsolaterally on left side and dorsoapically. Hypophallus with one pair of long, narrow sclerites approximately as long as basiphallus with irregular outline and small inner-basal process. Paraphallus rod-like with base wider; paraphalli diverging, angled anteroventrally, joined basally by narrow transverse sclerite. Mesophallus slightly longer than basiphallus, slightly bulbous at base; small sclerite between mesophallus and distiphallus absent. Distiphallus with two short, dark, completely divided tubules that are relatively broadly separated, especially at tapered base; base slightly compressed in lateral view, apex slightly swollen and cup-like with apical opening constricted and directed distally; inner fringed structure slightly emerged apically. Ejaculatory apodeme similar to that of C. platyptera .

Hosts.

Asteraceae - Aster , Baccharis , Bellis , Bellium , Callistephus , Conyza , Dicrocephala , Erigeron , Haplopappus , Helianthus , Heterotheca , Hysterionica , Madia , Solidago , Symphyotrichum , Tithonia , Zinnia ( Spencer and Steyskal 1986b; Spencer 1990; Eiseman and Lonsdale 2018). Also known from Pentstemon procerus ( Scrophulariaceae ) in CA ( Spencer 1981).

Distribution.

Canada: AB*, ON, QC, SK, YT. USA: widespread, but not known from FL. Africa. Australia. Argentina. Chile. Europe. Oriental Region.

Type material.

Holotype: Germany. Baden-Wurttemburg (1♂, SMNS). [Not examined]

Material examined.

45♂ 64♀, CNC, USNM (USA: AR, AZ, CA, DC, IN, KS, MA, MD, MS, NC, NM, NV, OH, OK, SC, TX, UT, VT, WA, WI; Canada: SK; Germany) .

New provincial records.

Canada. AB: C.E. Lee Sanctuary, Devon Sandhills, on Erigeron philadelphicus , larva collected 2.vi.1980, emerged 18.vi.1980, G.C.D. Griffiths, E404 (1♂, UASM), N shore Cooking L., 53°26-27'N, 113°00-01'W, on Aster brachyactis , puparium collected 8.viii.1977, emerged 18.viii.1977, G.C.D. Griffiths (1♂, UASM).

Comments.

Compared to other species of Calycomyza , the height of the gena varies greatly in C. humeralis and C. solidaginis , which are likely sister-species and further characterised by a shallow angle on the anterodorsal margin of the first flagellomere, only one posteromedial seta on the mid tibia and very similar male genitalia. A very slight point is also found on the antenna of C. minor (Florida), which is much smaller (wing length 1.1-1.3 mm), the length of the ultimate section of vein M4 divided by the penultimate section is 4.0, there are only three fronto-orbitals, there is no posteromedial seta on the mid tibia and the face is yellow. South Carolina specimens of C. minor Spencer discussed in Spencer and Steyskal (1986b) do not share these combinations of characters and are not conspecific, including one from Coosawhatche here treated as C. humeralis . Aside from the angulate flagellomere, C. humeralis can be diagnosed in part by an entirely brown face (not yellow with the dorsal region brown), which is relatively uncommon in the genus.

Figures

Figures 92 - 98. Calycomyza sp. (T. Bentley - Illinois, Reed-Turner Woodland Nature Preserve) 93 Calycomyza sp. (S. A. Marshall - Cuba, Santiago) 94, 95 Calycomyza humeralis (Roser), head 94 anterior 95 lateral 96 Calycomyza cynoglossi (Frick), head, lateral 97 Calycomyza malvae (Burgess), male, lateral 98 Calycomyza flavinotum (Frick) (C. S. Eiseman).

Figures 466 - 474. Calycomyza humeralis (Roser), male genitalia 466 external genitalia, anterior 467 external genitalia, ventral 468 phallus, ventral 469 phallus, left lateral 470, 471 C. solidagensis (Kaltenbach), male genitalia 470 phallus, ventral 471 phallus, left lateral 472 - 474 C. platyptera (Thompson), male genitalia 472 ejaculatory apodeme 473 phallus, left lateral 474 phallus, ventral.