Solanum chrysotrichum Schltdl., Linnaea 19: 304. 1847.

Aubriot, Xavier & Knapp, Sandra, 2022, A revision of the " spiny solanums " of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae), PhytoKeys 198, pp. 1-270 : 1

7. Solanum chrysotrichum Schltdl., Linnaea 19: 304. 1847.

Figs 5H , 22A

Solanum torvum Sw. var. pleiotomum C.Y.Wu & S.C.Huang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(2): 73. 1978. Type. China. Fujian: "Foojow, Tsang Tsien Shen", 28 Mar 1937, H. Migo s.n. (holotype: PE).

Type.

Mexico. Michoacan or Jalisco [?]: near Las Trojes, 1825-31, C.J.W. Schiede 81 (lectotype, designated by Nee 1993, pg. 45: HAL [n.v.]) .

Description.

Vorontsova and Knapp (2016: 120-122); http://www.solanaceaesource.org/solanaceae/solanum-chrysotrichum-0.

Distribution.

Solanum chrysotrichum has been recorded from China, India, Malaysia, and Sri Lanka; it is native Mexico and Central America. Outside of its native range it has been used as a fencing treelet and is widely adventive (see Vorontsova and Knapp 2016).

Common names.

China. duo lie shui qie ( Zhang et al. 1994).

Discussion.

Solanum chrysotrichum is a member of the Torva clade (sensu Stern et al. 2011; Aubriot et al. 2016a). It is morphologically similar to the Torva clade species native to tropical Asia (see Aubriot et al. 2016a for a discussion of this disjunction), but can be distinguished by its rusty pubescence, larger flowers and leathery green, rather than yellow, red or black berries. It is most similar to S. torvoideum , but the stellate trichomes of S. chrysotrichum are generally longer stalked than those of S. torvoideum and are more reddish brown rather than golden brown and the inflorescences of S. Solanum chrysotrichum are distinctly pedunculate, while flowers of S. torvoideum are borne right next to the stem.

In northern India S. chrysotrichum forms large stands along disturbed roadsides together with S. erianthum D.Don (Brevantherum clade), another widely distributed introduced species. Solanum chrysotrichum has often been identified as S. hispidum Pers.; that name is a synonym of the Andean species S. asperolanatum Ruiz & Pav. In the absence of voucher specimens, references to S. hispidum or S. asperolanatum in tropical Asian floristic works are difficult to assign to a species.

Specimens examined.

See Suppl. materials 1-3.

Figures

Figure 5. Introduced species of Solanum. Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. A habit (Bidault et al. 3627, Gabon) B detail view of a flower (Bidault et al. 3627, Gabon) C detail view of a fruit (Bidault et al. 3627, Gabon). Solanum aethiopicum L. D detail view of a flower (field photograph, unvouchered, in cultivation at Radboud University, Nijmegen) E detail view of fruits (field photograph, unvouchered, in cultivation at the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne). Solanum capsicoides All. F detail view of a flower (Coronado Gonzalez 5457, Nicaragua) G detail view of a fruit (Coronado Gonzalez 5457, Nicaragua). Solanum chrysotrichum Schltdl. H detail of a fertile branch (field photograph, unvouchered, India). Photograph credits: A-C E. Bidault D, E, H S. Knapp F, G I. Coronado Gonzalez.

Figure 22. Introduced species of Solanum. Solanum chrysotrichum Schltdl. A detail of inflorescence (field photograph, unvouchered, India). Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. B habit (Sampath Kumar et al. 126972, India) C detail view of a flower (Sampath Kumar et al. 126972, India) D detail view of a fruit (field photograph, unvouchered, India). Solanum jamaicense Mill. E detail view of a flower (Stern 265, Trinidad and Tobago) F detail view of fruits (Stern 265, Trinidad and Tobago). Solanum macrocarpon L. G detail view of flower (in cultivation at GAFL Avignon, unvouchered) H detail view of fruit (in cultivation at Radboud University, Nigmegen, unvouchered, material now at CGN, Wageningen). Photograph credits: A S. Knapp B-D X. Aubriot E, F S. Stern G, H S. Knapp.