Teloganodes (Teloganodes) dentatus Navás 1932

Kluge, Nikita, Srinivasan, Pandiarajan, Sivaruban, T., Barathy, S. & Isack, Rajasekaran, 2023, Indian species of Teloganodes Eaton 1882 (including subgenera Dudgeodes Sartori 2008 and Derlethina Sartori 2008) (Ephemeroptera, Teloganodidae), Zootaxa 5244 (6), pp. 553-587 : 566-567

Teloganodes (Teloganodes) dentatus Navás 1932

( Figs 73–105 )

Teloganodes dentata Navás 1932: 19 (J imago).

Teloganodes dentatus: Sartori, Peters & Hubbard 2008: 11 (J imago).

Teloganodes sartorii Selvakumar, Sivaramakrishnan & Jacobus in Selvakumar, Sivaramakrishnan, Jacobus, Janarthanan & Arumugam 2014: 94 (larva), syn. n.

Material examined. INDIA, state Karnataka, border of Shivamogga and Udupi districts near Agumbe and Someswar , 11.I–1.II.2013, coll. N. Kluge & L. Sheyko: 2 L-S-IJ, 2 L-S-I ♀ /O, 1 I ♀, 4 larvae ( ZIN); state Tamilnadu: Theni district , Suruli Falls , 24–26.I.2016, coll. L. Sheyko & N. Kluge: L/SJ ( ZIN) .

Descriptions

Larva. Described by Selvakumar et al. 2014. Additional characters: Labrum with simple and feathered setae forming transverse field all over labrum width (as in Figs 45–46 ); smaller feathered setae located distad of this field. Abdominal terga I–III without setae on posterior margins; terga IV– VI with pair of short oblique rows of short, stout setae close to posterior margin ( Figs 78–80 ); terga VII–VIII with such setae on most part of posterior margin ( Fig. 81 ); posterior margin of tergum IX with smaller stout setae, like setae on other surface ( Fig. 77 ); lateral sides of terga with dense, small, stout setae. Tergalii II–IV with two-branched ventral lobes; ventral branch of tergalius V consisting of well-developed anterior branch and vestigial posterior branch ( Fig. 10 ); tergalius VI without ventral lobe ( Figs 11–12 ). Posterior margin of sternum IX trapeze-like (in male with small protogonostyli by sides) ( Fig. 73 ).

Subimago. CUTICULAR COLORATION. Pronotum brown. Mesonotum with anterior scutal chromozone and latero-posterior scutal chromozones dark brown, achromozone contrastingly colorless ( Figs 96–97 ). Thoracic pleura and sterna with light brown and colorless areas. Wings brown. On all legs, femur with longitudinal dark brown and colorless bands; tibia with base brown ( Figs 87–88 ). Abdominal terga brown, sterna lighter. Cerci light brown.

HYPODERMAL COLORATION. As in imago.

Imago, male ( Fig. 82 ). Head brown. Dorsal eyes reddish. Thorax brown with membranes ochre. Base of fore wing including costal brace, dark brown; remainder membrane colorless, costal and subcostal fields whitish; veins C, Sc and RA partly colorless, partly bordered with dark brown, other longitudinal veins mostly ochre; crossveins colorless ( Figs 89 ); crossveins of pterostigma simple and complete ( Fig. 90 ). Hind wing widest in distal half, with costal projection near midlength; base dark brown, other membrane colorless, veins ochre (as in Fig. 92 ). On foreleg, femur dark brown, proximally lighter; tibia mostly ochre, with dark brown base and apex; tarsus mostly ochre, with dark brown apex ( Fig. 85 ). On middle and hind legs, femur mostly ochre with two diffusive, longitudinal brown markings and extreme apex dark brown; tibia entirely ochre; tarsus mostly ochre, with dark brown apex ( Fig. 86 ). Abdominal terga mostly brown, with darker brown, light ochre and grayish maculae; paired ochre maculae largest on terga VI –VII ( Fig. 84 ). Abdominal sterna ochre, with indistinctly expressed lighter sigilla. Styliger, gonostyli and penis ochre, bordered with brown. Penis longer than 1st segment of gonostylus, slightly widened subapically; apically V-shaped cleft with pair of gonopores exposed medially-dorsally ( Figs 93–95 ). Cerci ochre, basally dark brown ( Fig. 82 ).

Imago, female. Coloration of head, thorax, legs, abdomen and cerci as in male ( Fig. 83 ). On fore wing, longitudinal veins brown; crossveins in pterostigma light brown, other crossveins colorless ( Fig. 91 ).

Egg ( Figs 98–105 ). Oval, thinner near cap-bearing pole and thicker near cap-free pole. Whole surface except cap-bearing pole, covered with polygonal plates and round plates with vestiges of attachment structures in center; plates separated either by thickenings, or by grooves bordered by thickenings, mostly not overlapping one another. Polar cap surrounded by crown of low, pointed denticles; sometimes denticles sparse or absent.

Synonymy of T. dentata and T. sartorii . The original description of Teloganodes dentata was based on a male imago (Navás 1932); the holotype was redescribed ( Sartori et al. 2008). The original description of Teloganodes sartorii was based on larvae ( Selvakumar et al. 2014). Rearing imagines from larvae reveals that these imago and larvae are conspecific.

Comment: male genitalia in larval stage. As in other examined species of Teloganodes , larval protopenis is short, independently from size and shape of the imaginal penis ( Fig. 73 ); developing subimaginal penis is located under the larval cuticle in such a method, that its small apical portion is located inside the cuticle of larval protopenis, and remainder part of penis is spread, located proximad of the protopenis and is sharply wider than the protopenis; this gives the developing penis a peculiar shape (as in Figs 128–129 ) different from the shape of imaginal penis ( Figs 93–95 ). Because of this, structure of larval genitalia does not help to associate larvae and male imagines.

Figures

FIGURES 73–76. Teloganodes (Teloganodes) dentatus, larval exuviae. 73, abdominal sternum IX and protopenis of male larva; 74–76, fore, middle and hind legs.

FIGURES 77–81. Teloganodes (Teloganodes) dentatus, larval exuviae. 77, abdominal terga; 78–81, fragments of abdominal terga IV–VII.

FIGURES 82–88. Teloganodes (Teloganodes) dentatus. 82, male imago; 83, female imago; 84, abdominal terga and sterna of male imago; 85–86, fore and hind legs of male imago; 87–88, subimaginal exuviae of fore and middle legs of male.

FIGURES 89–92. Teloganodes (Teloganodes) dentatus. 89–90, wings of male imago, in falling and transmitted light; 91, wings of female imago; 92, hind wing enlarged.

FIGURES 93–97. Teloganodes (Teloganodes) dentatus. 93, genitalia of male imago, ventral view; 94–95, penis, dorsal view; 96–97, exuviae of subimaginal mesonotum. Abbreviations: acz, achromozone; cz.a, anterior chromozone; cz.l-p, lateroposterior chromozone; cz.s, chromozonal suture; gp, gonopore; LPs, lateroparapsidal suture; MPs, medioparapsidal suture; MS, medioscutum; SMS, submedioscutum.

FIGURES 98–105. Teloganodes (Teloganodes) dentatus, eggs. 98–100, in transmitted light with caps enlarged due to fixation; 101–105, under scanning electron microscope.

FIGURES 40–46. Teloganodes (Teloganodes) velutinus sp. n. 40–41, left and right mandibles; 42, maxilla and labium; 43, apex of maxilla; 44, hypopharynx and superlinguae; 45, labrum with focus on row of simple setae; 46, the same, enlarged, to show simple and feathered setae.

FIGURES 1–19. Tergalii of Teloganodes with ventral lobe turned out. 1–6, tergalii II–VI of T. (Teloganodes) velutinus sp. n. (5 and 6, tergalii VI of the same individual); 7–12, tergalii II–VI of T. (T.) dentatus (11 and 12, tergalii VII of different individuals); 13–16, tergalii II–V of T. (Dudgeodes) palnius; 17–19, tergalii II–IV of T. (Derlethina) tamiraparaniae.

FIGURES 123–129. Teloganodes (Didgeodes) palnius, male genitalia. 123, genitalia of imago, ventral view; 124, genitalia of subimago; 125, subimaginal exuviae of gonostylus; 126–127, penis of imago, dorsal view; 128, larval abdominal sternum IX and protopenis with developing subimaginal penis inside, dorsal view; 129, outline of subimaginal penis developing in larval protopenis.Abbreviations: gp, gonopore; pgs, protogonostylus; p, subimaginal penis developing in larval protopenis, pp, larval protopenis.