Teloganodes (Teloganodes) velutinus, Kluge & Srinivasan & Sivaruban & Barathy & Isack, 2023

Kluge, Nikita, Srinivasan, Pandiarajan, Sivaruban, T., Barathy, S. & Isack, Rajasekaran, 2023, Indian species of Teloganodes Eaton 1882 (including subgenera Dudgeodes Sartori 2008 and Derlethina Sartori 2008) (Ephemeroptera, Teloganodidae), Zootaxa 5244 (6), pp. 553-587 : 559-566

Teloganodes (Teloganodes) velutinus sp. n.

( Figs 32–72 )

Etymology. Allusion of velvety surface of eggs ( Figs 69–70 ).

Material examined. Holotype: L-S-I ♀ /O (specimen [VII] (9) 2016}, INDIA, state Tamilnadu, Theni district, Suruli Falls , 26.I.2016, coll. L. Sheyko & N. Kluge. Paratypes: the same locality and collectors, 24–26.I.2016: LS-I ♀ / O, 100 larvae ( ZIN); Tirunelveli district , Courtallam , Chittar river near Peraruvi (= Main Falls), 4.I–7.II.2013, coll. L. Sheyko & N. Kluge: 7 larvae ( ZIN) .

Descriptions Larva. CUTICULAR COLORATION. Head, pronotum and mesonotum ochre with brown maculae ( Figs 32– 34 ). Femur of each leg ochre with two wide, transverse, interrupted, brown bands ( Figs 35–37 ). Abdominal terga with diffusive brown and ochre areas ( Fig. 38 ).

HYPODERMAL COLORATION. Pronotum and mesonotum with brown markings or entirely dark brown. Abdominal terga varying from ochre with darkened posterior margins, to entirely dark brown.

SHAPE AND SETATION. Labrum with simple setae arranged in sparse transverse row, with numerous feathered setae located in this row and distad of it ( Figs 45–46 ). Other mouth parts— Figs 40–44 . Femora of all legs elongate, with regular rows of long setae all over outer and inner margins, setal row of inner margin proximally bent and continued on anterior side of femur; femur of fore leg similar to others, without transverse setal row ( Fig. 47 ). Each claw with row of 2–9 (usually 4–5) denticles on inner margin, 2 distal denticles (by one on anterior and posterior sides) and 2 subapical longitudinal rows of 5–10 arched setae (by one row on anterior and posterior sides) ( Figs 48–49 ).

Abdominal terga I– VI with long, thin setae on posterior margins, forming pair of long rows on tergum I and pair of compact bunches on each tergum II– VI ( Figs 50–51 ; tergum VII with long, simple and bifurcate setae forming pair of oblique rows near posterior margin ( Fig. 52 ); terga VIII–IX with small, stout, bifurcate setae on posterior margins ( Figs 53–54 ); lateral sides of terga with dense, stout setae. Posterior margin of sternum IX trapeze-like (in male with small protogonostyli by sides) (as in Fig. 22 ). Tergalii II– V with two-branched ventral lobe; tergalius VI normally without ventral lobe ( Fig. 5 ), individual tergalius with vestigial, one-branched ventral lobe ( Fig. 6 ).

Subimago. CUTICULAR COLORATION. Pronotum ochre-brownish. Mesonotum with anterior scutal chromozone contrastingly dark brown; latero-posterior scutal chromozone ochre, slightly darker than achromozone, slightly darkened with brownish close to posterior end of chromozonal suture; antelateroparapsidal suture and neighboring areas dark brown, contrastingly darker than latero-posterior scutal chromozone ( Figs 56–57 ). Thoracic pleura and sterna ochre. Wings brown. Fore femur with longitudinal dark brown and colorless bands); middle and hind femora lighter with longitudinal colorless band; fore tibia darker than tarsus, darkened with brown basally; middle and hind tibiae lighter, darkened with light brownish near base; tarsus with 5th tarsomere lighter than others ( Figs 60–61 ). Abdominal terga light ochre-brown, sterna lighter. Cerci ochre.

HYPODERMAL COLORATION. As in imago.

Imago, male (as revealed by mature larva ready to molt to subimago). Dorsal eyes reddish. Leg coloration similar to that of female. Abdominal terga ochre with gray pigmentation gradually becoming less extensive from terga II– V to tergum X and concentrated along median line ( Fig. 64 ).

Imago, female. Head, thorax and abdomen dark brown ( Fig. 63 ). Fore wing with membrane colorless, costal and subcostal fields whitish; base of costal vein proximad of costal brace dark brown; longitudinal veins yellowish in proximal part of wing, brown in distal part of wing; crossveins colorless; crossveins of pterostigma brownish, simple and complete ( Figs 65–66 ). Hind wing widest in distal half, with costal projection near midlength; basal part of membrane and proximal portion of RA+MA dark brown, other membrane and veins colorless ( Figs 67–68 ). On foreleg, femur mostly dark brown, basally ochre; tibia mostly ochre, with dark brown base and apex; tarsus mostly ochre, with dark brown apex ( Fig. 58 ). On middle and hind legs, femur mostly ochre with extreme apex dark brown, with or without longitudinal gray marking at middle; tibia ochre; tarsus mostly ochre, with dark brown apex ( Fig. 59 ). Cerci ochre with dark brown joinings, basally dark brown ( Fig. 63 ).

Egg ( Figs 69–72 ). Oval, thinner near cap-bearing pole and thicker near cap-free pole. Area surrounding polar cap covered with wide ring-like pelerine with smooth surface; other chorion rough, with poorly expressed grooves separating polygonal areas. Several circles with or without vestige of attachment structures located equidistantly from cap-free pole. Several micropyles with wide, round sperm guides located equidistantly from polar cap and adjacent to pelerine. Polar cap surrounded by crown of pointed, irregular denticles.

Collecting site. Most larvae were collected from a large, integral, smooth rock surface covered with shallow layer of running water ( Fig. 162 ).

Comparison. The new species Teloganodes (Teloganodes) velutinus sp. n. is closely related to T. (T.) kodai , but well differs from T. (T.) kodai in egg structure, which have rough surface instead of scale-like plates, and micropyles with wide round sperm guides located equidistantly from the cap. Larva of T. (T.) velutinus sp. n. can be distinguished from T. (T.) kodai by uniformly long and slender setae on posterior margins of abdominal terga I– VI.

Figures

FIGURE 162. Collecting site of Teloganodes (Teloganodes) velutinus sp. n., Suruli River.

FIGURES 32–39. Teloganodes (Teloganodes) velutinus sp. n., larval exuviae. 32, head; 33–34, pronotum and mesonotum of different individuals; 35–37, fore, middle and hind legs, 38, abdominal terga and sterna; 39, tergalius II (33, 38, holotype).

FIGURES 40–46. Teloganodes (Teloganodes) velutinus sp. n. 40–41, left and right mandibles; 42, maxilla and labium; 43, apex of maxilla; 44, hypopharynx and superlinguae; 45, labrum with focus on row of simple setae; 46, the same, enlarged, to show simple and feathered setae.

FIGURES 47–55. Teloganodes (Teloganodes) velutinus sp. n., larval cuticle. 47, fore leg (holotype); 48–49, claws; 50–54, fragments of abdominal terga III–IX; 55, abdominal terga of another individual.

FIGURES 56–57. Teloganodes (Teloganodes) velutinus sp. n., exuviae of subimaginal mesonotum (holotype). Abbreviations: acz,achromozone;cz.a, anteriorchromozone;cz.l-p, latero-posteriorchromozone;cz.s,chromozonalsuture;LPs,lateroparapsidal suture; MPs, medioparapsidal suture; MS, medioscutum; SMS, submedioscutum.

FIGURES 58–64. Teloganodes (Teloganodes) velutinus sp. n. 58–59, fore and hind legs of female imago; 60, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg of female; 61–62, subimaginal exuviae of hind leg; 63, female imago; 64, abdomen of male subimago extracted from larva (58–62, holotype).

FIGURES 65–68. Teloganodes (Teloganodes) velutinus sp. n. (holotype). 65–66, wings of female imago in falling and transmitted light; 67–68, hind wing, enlarged, in falling and transmitted light.

FIGURES 69–72. Teloganodes (Teloganodes) velutinus sp. n., eggs (holotype).

FIGURES 20–24. Teloganodes (Teloganodes) kodai. 20, metanotum and abdominal terga I–VIII; 21, abdomen of male subimago extracted from larva; 22, sternum IX and protopenis of male larva; 23, hind wing tissues extracted from larval protopteron; 24, subimaginal cuticle of half of mesonotum (20, 23, topotype).

FIGURES 1–19. Tergalii of Teloganodes with ventral lobe turned out. 1–6, tergalii II–VI of T. (Teloganodes) velutinus sp. n. (5 and 6, tergalii VI of the same individual); 7–12, tergalii II–VI of T. (T.) dentatus (11 and 12, tergalii VII of different individuals); 13–16, tergalii II–V of T. (Dudgeodes) palnius; 17–19, tergalii II–IV of T. (Derlethina) tamiraparaniae.