Teloganodes (Teloganodes) kodai Sartori, 2008

Kluge, Nikita, Srinivasan, Pandiarajan, Sivaruban, T., Barathy, S. & Isack, Rajasekaran, 2023, Indian species of Teloganodes Eaton 1882 (including subgenera Dudgeodes Sartori 2008 and Derlethina Sartori 2008) (Ephemeroptera, Teloganodidae), Zootaxa 5244 (6), pp. 553-587 : 556-557

Teloganodes (Teloganodes) kodai Sartori in Sartori et al. 2008

( Figs 20–31 )

Teloganodes /fg1 insignis [ Macafertiella ]: Kluge 2004: 321, figs 96C–E (larva) (non Wang & McCafferty 1996).

Teloganodes kodai Sartori in Sartori, Peters & Hubbard 2008: 15 (larva).

Teloganodes barathyae Sivaruban, Martynov, Srinivasan & Isack in Martynov, Sivaruban, Palatov, Srinivasan, Barathy, Isack & Sartori 2022: 187 (larva), syn. n.

Material examined. INDIA, state Tamilnadu, Dindigul district, Palni Hills: stream 6 km downhill from Kodaikanal , 1800 m, 19.III.1978, coll. K Wood: 8 larvae (topotypes of T. kodai ) ( ZIN); river Palar below Perumal Malai, 5.II.2016, coll. L. Sheyko & N. Kluge: L/S ♀ /O, 7 larvae ( ZIN) . State Tamilnadu, Theni District, Kurangani Hills , Kottakudi River , 10°08.09′N, 77°25.52′E, ca. 632 m, 28.X.2021, coll. P. Srinivasan & R . Isack : 1 larva ( AMC ZN 230 , paratype of T. barathyae ), 4 larvae ( AMC ZN 261 ) .

Descriptions

Larva. Figured and described by Kluge (2004: figs 96C–E), Sartori et al. (2008), Martynov et al. (2022).Additional characters: Labrum with simple setae arranged in sparse transverse row, with numerous feathered setae located close to them (as in Figs 45–46 ). Abdominal tergum I with small, thin setae on posterior margin; terga II–IX with stout setae on posterior margins: short on tergum II, longer on tergum III, forming pair of bunches of longer setae on terga IV– VI, located on most part of posterior margin of tergum VII, shorter on terga VIII–IX ( Fig. 20 ); lateral sides of terga with dense, stout setae. Tergalii II– V with two-branched ventral lobe; tergalius VI without ventral lobe ( Kluge 2004: fig. 96E). Posterior margin of sternum IX trapeze-like (in male with small protogonostyli by sides) ( Fig. 22 ).

Subimago. CUTICULAR COLORATION. Mesonotum with anterior scutal chromozone contrastingly dark brown;latero-posterior scutal chromozone lighter brown,contrastingly darker than achromozone;antelateroparapsidal suture dark brown, contrastingly darker than latero-posterior scutal chromozone ( Fig. 24 ). Wings brown.

HYPODERMAL COLORATION. As in imago.

Imago, male (as revealed by mature larva ready to molt to subimago). Dorsal eyes reddish. Hind wing venation figured by Kluge (2004: fig. 96D) ( Fig. 23 ). Abdominal terga I–IX widely pigmented by dark gray-brown with numerous small dot-like blanks; terga VI –VII and IX with paired ochre areas; tergum X ochre ( Fig. 21 ).

Imago, female. (as revealed by mature larva ready to molt to subimago). Coloration similar to male, but abdomen without paired ochre areas on terga VI –VII.

Egg ( Figs 25–31 ). Oval, thinner near cap-bearing pole and thicker near cap-free pole. Area surrounding polar cap covered with integral ring-like pelerine; other surface covered with polygonal plates bordered by thickenings and mostly overlapping one another. Polar cap surrounded by crown of low, pointed denticles attached to pelerine.

Synonymy of T. (T.) kodai and T. (T.) barathyae . Originally ( Martynov et al. 2022), larva of T. barathyae was compared not with specimens determined as T. kodai , but with the description of T. kodai only; it was said to differ from other species by the following combination of characters: ́(i) dorsal surface of labrum with a transversal band of numerous feathered setae; (ii) inner incisor of the left mandible with two teeth inserted transversely, one smaller and pointed, the other large and rectangular». The original description of T. kodai does not contain characters of labrum and biting edge of mandibles, but states that ́mouthparts very similar to those of T. tuberculatus » ( Sartori et al. 2008: 20) ; in its turn, labrum of T. tuberculatus is characterized as having ́dorsal face covered medially by 2–4 rows of long feathered setae» ( Sartori et al. 2008: 12 and fig. 17); left mandible of T. tuberculatus is characterized as having ́inner incisor with 3 teeth», but two unequal teeth are figured ( Sartori et al. 2008: fig 33). ́(iii) Superlinguae angular laterally, with a row of long, feathered setae at apex». Shape of superlinguae have not been reported for T. kodai . ́(iv) Forefemur moderately broad, ca 2.4 times longer than wide; outer margin with regular row of long, stout, hair-like setae; without any combination of thin and stout setae in a row; (v) forefemur bears submarginal row of numerous short stout setae with divergent margins (some of them divided near apex into two rounded lobes); same stout setae scattered over whole dorsal surface; (vi) fore femur without transverse row of stout setae». The same three features of femoral structure were figured for T. kodai ( Sartori et al. 2008: fig. 60). «(vii) Median tubercles on terga I–X, on tergum I poorly developed; on terga II–IV moderately developed; on terga V –X best developed; in dorsal view tubercles I–IX broad and rounded apically, tubercle X distinctly slender and bluntly pointed». The same was figured for T. kodai ( Sartori et al. 2008: fig. 125). ́(viii) Posterolateral projections on segments II–IX, segments VII–IX well developed but not extremely». The same was figured for T. kodai ( Sartori et al. 2008: fig. 124). Thus, no characters separating T. barathyae from T. kodai have been found, and these species names should be considered as synonyms.

Comments. In both descriptions (by Sartori et al. 2008 and by Martynov et al. 2022), the labrum is characterized as having dorsal side with feathered setae only. Actually it has both simple and feathered setae, as well as all other examined species of Teloganodes s. l.

Figures

FIGURES 20–24. Teloganodes (Teloganodes) kodai. 20, metanotum and abdominal terga I–VIII; 21, abdomen of male subimago extracted from larva; 22, sternum IX and protopenis of male larva; 23, hind wing tissues extracted from larval protopteron; 24, subimaginal cuticle of half of mesonotum (20, 23, topotype).

FIGURES 25–31. Teloganodes (Teloganodes) kodai, eggs. 25–26, in translucent view; 27–31, under scanning electron microscope.

FIGURES 40–46. Teloganodes (Teloganodes) velutinus sp. n. 40–41, left and right mandibles; 42, maxilla and labium; 43, apex of maxilla; 44, hypopharynx and superlinguae; 45, labrum with focus on row of simple setae; 46, the same, enlarged, to show simple and feathered setae.